I. Mental health status
According to the estimate of the World Health Organization, 20% people have psychological problems and mental disorders, and there are many minor psychological problems that can be observed in daily life. Most contemporary middle school students are only children. Because they are in a period of drastic changes in their physical and mental development, their physical and mental development is immature, their social experience is insufficient, their competitive pressure is increasing, their way of thinking is changing, their psychological adjustment ability is poor, and they can't handle various psychological conflicts in life, study, interpersonal communication and self-awareness, so their psychology and behavior are more prone to disorder. Especially in the face of the pressure of entering a higher school, the heavy academic burden and the pressure of families wishing their children phoenix nirvana, their various psychological puzzles, psychological imbalances and even mental diseases can not be solved, eliminated and corrected in time, resulting in a greater proportion of middle school students' mental unhealthy or incomplete health, which will seriously cause students to have behavioral disorders or personality defects.
Students in secondary vocational schools are at a turning point in their physical and mental development. Some of them stood up and went to vocational schools after experiencing the "exam-oriented baptism" and the first setback in their lives. Some people come to us with hopes and longings for the vocational campus; Some people still have a deep sense of inferiority. Many children from laid-off workers, migrant workers' families and single-parent families are still suffering from difficulties in life and study and shouldering the heavy responsibility of getting rid of family poverty. At the same time, we have to face the troubles of growth, the independence of life, the re-examination of study, the choice and competition of society and occupation. Therefore, it is inevitable that there will be various psychological puzzles and problems in all aspects of growth, life, study and career choice. Compared with senior high school students of the same age, the mental health status of vocational school students is very different, and their psychological problems are more prominent.
Second, the causes of psychological problems
Many people think that students who enter vocational schools have no pressure to enter higher schools, and the pressure of learning from schools and families, the pressure of learning competition among classmates is relatively weakened, and psychological problems should be reduced accordingly. However, this is not the case. The reasons may be as follows:
(1) Adolescent factors. Vocational school students are in adolescence, with the greatest physical and mental changes, which is an important period for the first physical and psychological leap in life. Psychologists call this period a "stormy period" in life. Although the academic pressure has been reduced, some students have a series of psychological problems, such as mental emptiness, inferiority, lovelorn, interpersonal tension and so on, caused by sensitivity and paranoia. These problems that students encounter are precisely the problems that they are unwilling or embarrassed to tell their parents, class teachers and classmates. It is inevitable that you will often bear it alone and have psychological deviations.
(2) The family environment of vocational school students has a great influence on their psychological problems. By consulting the files of relevant students, it is found that the family factors that lead to the high probability of students' psychological problems are: disharmony between parents, single-parent families, families with rough education methods of parents (main adopters), low education level of parents, poor health status and so on.
(3) The individual factors of vocational school students are the fundamental reason why their mental health is not as good as that of senior high school students. Personal factors mainly include: temperament, personality, interest, ability and so on. The survey found that most students in vocational schools have obvious extroversion characteristics, stubborn personality, emotional instability, cognitive ability, willpower and social skills are generally poor. Most of these students do not study well in junior high school and have bad habits, so they are often criticized by parents and teachers, and their rebellious mentality is serious. After entering the vocational school, because of the same habits, it is easy for students to get along with each other at first, which is also the reason for the good interpersonal relationship between the first-year students in vocational school and the first-year students in high school. But with the gradual maturity of physiology and psychology, self-awareness has been improved. If you want to learn well, your foundation is too poor. If you want to do well, you have no perseverance to overcome the bad habits you formed in the past. This psychological conflict has caused many psychological problems such as depression, compulsion and anxiety.
(4) The huge employment pressure is the main reason for the deterioration of students' mental health in vocational schools. As we all know, the employment rate of colleges and universities in China has declined in recent years, which makes it more difficult for vocational school students to find jobs. In addition, the curriculum of most vocational schools is divorced from reality, which fails to enable students to learn the skills to make a living, resulting in students in vocational schools feeling hopeless and helpless about their future, feeling guilty about their parents' expectations, which often brings great mental pressure to themselves and seriously damages their physical and mental health. In this way, the closer students get to graduation, the worse their mental health, and the number is increasing.
To sum up, we found the psychological problems existing in vocational schools through the investigation of their psychological conditions and the analysis of psychological measurement data, and made corresponding analysis of the causes of these problems, so as to do a good job in psychological counseling for vocational school students, pay attention to their psychological problems, attach great importance to mental health education, and set up mental health education courses for us; Further improve psychological counseling institutions, help students overcome personality weaknesses, prevent the occurrence of psychological diseases, and provide a good environment for the healthy growth of students.
Students in secondary vocational schools are at a turning point in their physical and mental development. As their study life changes from general education to vocational education, their development direction changes from further education to employment. They will directly face the social and career choices, the increasingly fierce professional competition and the increasing employment pressure. They will inevitably have various psychological puzzles or problems in their self-cognition, interpersonal communication, job hunting, growth, study and life.
Third, the purpose and content of mental health education
The goal of mental health education is to improve the psychological quality of all students, help them establish mental health awareness, cultivate their optimistic psychological quality, enhance their psychological adjustment ability and promote the sound development of their personality; Help students to know themselves correctly, enhance their self-confidence, learn to cooperate and compete, cultivate students' professional interest and respect their psychological quality, and improve their ability to cope with setbacks, match careers and adapt to society; Help students solve psychological puzzles and behavioral problems in their growth, study and life, give scientific and effective psychological counseling and consultation, provide necessary help, and improve students' mental health.
The main contents of mental health education include:
1, through mental health lectures and mental health education activities, popularize the basic knowledge of mental health, understand the characteristics of physical development and the main contradictions of mental development, help students develop interpersonal skills, and establish good relationships between classmates, teachers and students, and parents and children; Cultivate good interpersonal adaptability, shape a good personality, cultivate a sense of social responsibility, collective honor, friendship and obligation, enhance self-confidence, willpower and anti-frustration, and establish a sense of mental health.
2. Through personalized education management, create a democratic, equal and harmonious class atmosphere, adjust mentality, build confidence, cultivate good learning methods and habits in learning, experience the joy of success and stimulate learning interest; Encourage students to constantly know themselves, develop their potential, accept themselves and improve themselves in their study and life; Help students understand their future careers and majors in professional courses and other activities, make psychological preparations for employment, establish correct career ideals, cultivate career interests, help students promote the development of good personal qualities, guide students to adjust their expectations, conform to reality, and reduce psychological pressure.
3, through psychological counseling, understand simple psychological adjustment methods, understand psychological abnormalities, and correctly understand and grasp yourself; Understand the sexual psychological phenomenon in adolescence, help students learn to control their emotions and treat heterosexual communication correctly. Through collective consultation, we can strengthen collective mental health, guide students to understand their own emotions, personality and ability characteristics, improve self-awareness, improve personality and improve psychological quality.
Through the career guidance for the graduating students, students are guided to get familiar with society, experience society and experience careers through study and various practical opportunities. According to their own interests, abilities and personality characteristics, we should establish a correct view of job selection, occupation and entrepreneurship, and cultivate innovative spirit and practical ability. Help students to establish a sense of cooperation and competition, enhance their confidence in coping with professional challenges, improve their adaptability to life and society, learn to cope with pressure and setbacks, and maintain a healthy and good attitude.
Fourthly, the ways and methods of mental health education.
1, offering mental health education courses. Incorporate mental health education into the moral education curriculum system, and set up optional courses of mental health education, with each class lasting 2 hours per week.
2. Carry out psychological consultation and consultation. The school has set up a psychological counseling room to give guidance to students' psychological and behavioral problems in their growth, study and life and help them solve their psychological confusion through group counseling, individual counseling, psychological and behavioral training, letter counseling, online counseling and setting up a hotline. For individual students with serious mental disorders and mental illness, they should be identified and referred to professional diagnosis and treatment departments in time.
3. Infiltrate mental health education in practice. Practice training is an important channel for students to get in touch with society and experience their career. It is necessary to guide students to adjust their professional psychology, help them to consolidate and strengthen their positive emotional experience, overcome psychological tendencies that are not conducive to future employment, correctly treat career choice and career development, understand the social significance and value of careers, and cultivate their professional interest, dedication and good professional psychological quality.
4, through the construction of campus culture, create a positive, healthy and progressive campus cultural atmosphere and mental health education environment. Make full use of radio, television, internet, school magazine, school newspaper, window and other forms of publicity media in our school, and use the second classroom activities to widely publicize and popularize mental health knowledge and cultivate students' mental health awareness.
5. Establish a close contact and communication mechanism between schools and families, strengthen communication with parents of students through parents' schools, parent-teacher conferences, teachers' home visits and other forms, give full play to the role of families, and make schools and families work together to do a good job in mental health education.
Through the purposeful, planned, step-by-step and measured exploration of mental health education, we can fully respect the needs of students' personality and emotional development, improve students' consciousness, attitude, emotion and belief in mental health and personality construction, improve students' abilities of self-observation, self-awareness, self-evaluation, self-respect, self-supervision, self-pursuit, self-control and self-education, give full play to students' personality characteristics and psychological potential, and promote the harmonious development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.