At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the rulers oppressed and controlled the people very seriously. Coupled with the disasters at that time, the people were in dire straits. Tao Zongyi composed a folk song in eastern Zhejiang, saying: "The sky is high and the emperor is far away, and there are few people; Play three times a day, don't wait "; There is also a proverb in Taizhou called' the ocean is green and the ocean is beautiful'. ""sea island "is sea island Mountain; "Sea Spirit" refers to Fang Guozhen.
In the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1348), a man named Cai Luantou robbed property at sea, and the court sent troops to pursue him. Fang Guozhen's enemies denounced him as an enemy. Killed the enemy, fled to the sea with his brother, brother and Fang, gathered more than a thousand people, robbed passing ships and blocked the sea. Bud, a politician from other provinces, led an army to conquer, was defeated, and was captured by Fang Guozhen. The Yuan Dynasty forced him to * * * and awarded him the title of Ding. Soon, he set out to attack Wenzhou.
Arise against Yuan, two or three years earlier than the Xu Shouhui Uprising, and four years earlier than the Uprising (later joined by Zhu Yuanzhang).
In the Seven Wars and Seven Dynasties, Baluchi Timur went to Zuocheng Province, and the overseers went out to crusade, which was also defeated and captured. The Yuan Dynasty had to send a big branch of Tiemuyou, a big Si Nong, to surrender to him again. Soon, the land of Ru and Ying started to fight, and the Yuan Dynasty recruited navy officers to defend the Yangtze River. Fang Guozhen was suspicious, rebelled again, lured and killed Ty Zhou Lu, and fled to the sea. Later, he sent people to sneak into the capital, bribed the powerful people in the DPRK, made them surrender, and was awarded Huizhou Daozhi. Refused to accept, he led the army to capture Taizhou and burned the Taicang of Su. The Yuan Dynasty surrendered his position as a maritime household, and Fang Guozhen surrendered and accepted the position. Soon he was promoted to participate in politics at the provincial level and sent troops to crusade against Zhang Shicheng. Zhang Shicheng sent generals to defend Kunshan. Fang Guozhen won seven out of seven battles and didn't stop fighting until Zhang Shicheng surrendered.
Before that, the world was peaceful, Fang Guozhen brothers took the lead in the maritime riots, and the Yuan Dynasty was afraid of war and was single-minded. Only Liu Ji, who is in charge of everything, thinks that Fang Guozhen is the first rebel. He is always rebellious and unforgivable, but he didn't listen to his advice in the discussion. After Fang Guozhen became an official, he became more powerful and uncontrollable.
During the Fang Guozhen Uprising, the Yuan Dynasty sent dozens of empty letters to recruit soldiers. Many coastal brave people responded to the recruitment and made great contributions to this, but the officials in charge of this matter accepted heavy bribes and never gave them the rewards they deserved. The family died for this, but they didn't get the official position. However, the behavior of the other national treasure has been repeatedly wooed and promoted to a high position. Because of this, people envy being robbers, and more and more people follow Fang Guozhen. After the Yuan Dynasty lost Jianghuai, it had to rely on ships from Fang Guozhen to make shipping smooth, and then won him over with official titles, so that everything went smoothly. There was a man named, who loved the art of vertical and horizontal, and advised the army to go upstream, spy on Jiangdong and seize the Qinghai, Xuzhou and Sanhai in the north. Fang Guozhen replied, "I don't have that big ambition." Then thank you and leave.
After capturing Wuzhou, Bird and Zhu Yuanzhang sent Cai Yuangang, the chief bookkeeper, to Qingyuan. Fang Guozhen discussed with his men and said, "Jiang Zuo has strict orders, so I'm afraid I can't confront him. Besides, my enemy is Wu in the west and Fujian in the south. It is better to temporarily express obedience as a kind of unity to see its changes. " Subordinates think what he said makes sense. So, Fang Guozhen sent messengers to Zhu Yuanzhang and presented 50 Jin of gold, 50 Jin of platinum and 100 patterned silk.
Zhu Yuanzhang sent his grandson to visit him. Fang Guozhen requested to provide it to Wenzhou, Taiwan and Qingyuan counties, and sent Fang Guan, the second son, as hostage. Zhu Yuanzhang did not accept the hostage, but gave him a generous gift and sent him back; The doctor was appointed as the prefect of Pingzhang, Fujian, and the younger brother was the governor of the Senate. Fang Guozhen is nominally devoted to three counties, but in fact he is half-hearted. When Yu Xia arrived, he pretended to be ill, saying that he was old and incompetent, and only accepted the seal and imperial edict.
Realizing this situation, Zhu Yuanzhang wrote to warn Fang Guozhen: "I began to think that you are a hero who understands the times, which makes you autocratic. But you have ulterior motives. You want to know about me and send your son. You want to transfer your official title and claim that you are old and sick. Smart people can always turn failure into success, and smart people can also have a silver lining behind dark clouds. Think about it. " At that time, Fang Guozhen built ships every year to transport1000000 mangoku millet from Zhang Shicheng back to Beijing for the use of the Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, the Yuan Dynasty promoted Fang Guozhen many times until he was appointed as the left prime minister of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, in charge of Qingyuan, and Fang Guozhen was also influenced by it; But Zhu Yuanzhang refused with sweet words, saying that he had no intention of attaching himself. After receiving Zhu Yuanzhang's letter, he did not open it. Zhu Yuanzhang wrote another letter to persuade him: "Happiness is based on sincerity, but unfortunately it is born of willfulness. Xiao Wei and Gongsun Shu can serve as a lesson. As soon as the army comes out, it can no longer be saved with empty words. " Fang Guozhen was not skilled, pretended to be frightened to apologize, and offered a horse with a golden treasure on its saddle, but Zhu Yuanzhang did not accept it.
Soon, Miao betrayed others, killed Hu Dahai, and brought Hu Dahai's headband. Fang Guozhen refused to accept it, and Jiang Ying and others fled from Taizhou to Fujian. Fang, who was stationed in Taizhou, stopped him halfway. When Fang was defeated and killed, Zhu Yuanzhang sent messengers to mourn the sacrifice. A year later, Wenzhou native Zhou Zongdao came to Pingyang. Fang Mingshan, Fang Guozhen's cousin, was stationed in Wenzhou at that time, so he sent troops to compete for Pingyang, joined the army and was defeated by Shen Hu, then captured Rui 'an and entered Wenzhou. Fang Guozhen was scared at this moment and asked to give Zhu Jun thirty-two thousand platinum every year. Hangzhou fell and immediately joined the army. Zhu Yuanzhang returned to the imperial edict Hu Shen for half an hour.
In the first year of Wu (1367), after Zhu Yuanzhang captured Hangzhou, Fang Guozhen was content with the status quo and sent spies to spy on each other's strength in the name of Zhu Yuanzhang's sacrifice, and communicated with Timur, Chen Youliang and other expansion forces many times in an attempt to gain mutual respect. Zhu Yuanzhang was furious when he learned that. He sent several letters listing his 12 crimes, and asked for 2 million stone rations. Fang Guozhen called his men to discuss the matter, but Zhang Benren, Zuo Cheng, Liu Yong and others all thought that they could not obey. Only a man named Qiu Nan argued alone, "What you said is not Gong Fang's blessing. Only wisdom can solve things, only honesty can hold the territory, and only reasonable and favorable can use troops. Volkswagen has been running in eastern Zhejiang for more than ten years, but it is always procrastinating, indecisive and indecisive. This cannot be said to be wise. Since you promised Zhu Yuanzhang to surrender, but you offended him, you can't say that you have credit. Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to fight for a reason, because we really failed him, which can't be said to be justified. If you are lucky, he will treat you as money. M "Fang Guozhen didn't listen to advice, transported treasures day and night, built ships and prepared to avoid the sea.
In September of the first year of Wu (1367), Zhu Yuanzhang had conquered Pingjiang, ordered Zhu Liangzu to participate in politics, attacked Taizhou, and fled in battle. Zhu Liangzu conquered Wenzhou again. General Tang He led an army into Qingyuan, and Fang Guozhen led his troops to escape into the sea. He was defeated by pursuers in Panyu, and his troops will surrender one after another. Tang sent many people to explain to Fang Guozhen the different consequences of obedience and resistance. At this time, Fang Guozhen sent his son to plead for surrender, saying, "I heard that the sky can cover everything, the earth can tolerate everything, and the king is tolerant of people. For a long time, thanks to the Lord, I dare not do anything isolated from heaven and earth, so I am ignorant. I am a mediocre person. In this eventful autumn, I set out on the island without the help of my father and brother, nor did I have imperial ambitions. When the Lord came to Wuzhou, I immediately sent my son to serve, knowing that the Lord will come today, and I hope for rain and dew. And the Lord sent me to be stationed in towns and counties, just like wuyue in the past. I abide by the treaty and dare not make trouble. Just because my cousin has a bad temper, secretly causing trouble and disturbing the teacher, I am also afraid, so I sent all the defenders to see him. However, it finally drifted into the sea. Why? The filial son's punishment to his father is accepted if it is light, and evaded if it is heavy. This is similar to the situation of the minister. I want to go to the court to confess my guilt at once, but I'm afraid of being chopped by an axe. If future generations in the world don't know how much I have offended you, they will say that the heart of the Lord can't hold me. Won't this bring trouble to heaven and earth? " These words probably came from Fang Guozhen's subordinate Zhan Ding.
After reading it, Zhu Yuanzhang felt very sorry for Fang Guozhen, so he wrote a letter saying, "You didn't listen to my warning, but went down to the sea. I really owe you. Today, you are desperate and sincere. I should be sincere to you. Don't overdo it before. Don't be suspicious. " So he urged Fang Guozhen to visit the DPRK and scolded him face to face, "Aren't you late?" Fang Guozhen bowed and thanked him, and was appointed as Zuo Cheng, a province in Guangxi, who only enjoyed food and didn't take office.
In the seventh year of Hongwu (1374), Fang Guozhen died on May 8th and was buried in Yushanyuan, twenty miles east of Ningcheng. Zhu Yuanzhang personally set up a sacrifice and ordered Song Lian, a bachelor of Hanlin, to sacrifice the tombstone inscription.
Historical evaluation of Zhu Yuanzhang: "Fang Guozhen sells fish and salt, staring at the eucalyptus chain, watching and being the first mouse." "I began to understand your heroic age, so I ordered you to dictatorship. You have bad intentions. If you want to hide it from me, you can send a servant, but if you want to deny my official position, it will be called an old disease. "
Gu Yingtai: "Fang Guozhen started with Huangyan and Qianchi, exposing the two poles and advocating chaos. The west is grey, and the south is Ouyue. Yuan soldiers repeatedly asked for help, and the pawn could not be leveled, so that within five years, Mao started from Haocheng, Shi Cheng started from Gaoyou, and his friends dared to start from Qi and Huang, all of which made him a southern hero. If he sits in a drama county, he is a national treasure. Although expelled by the holy king, it was also the first disaster for wolves. However, Guo Zhen's small land and strength are not enough for Zhang Guo, nor is he enough to help the enemy. This kind of knowledge only ignores people and knows destiny. If Chen Ying belongs to Han with soldiers and Feng Yi belongs to Guangwu with land, the horse will be punished, and the name is Yuntai. Isn't it a good beginning and a good end? However, there is no fixed view on national treasures, markets and buckets. My husband, the country, is wise and confused in choosing wood, and worries about the mouse first. If you are afraid of Ming invasion, you will be stunned by Yuan Fu. If you are afraid of Yuan's pursuit, you should pay in the Ming Dynasty, so that you can defend yourself. Loyal to Chen Youding is not only Heshuo Liu Kun, but also Xiliang Zhang. And the prince is in Ming Taizu, he is not the king of Xiajiang, nor the money of wuyue. As the saying goes, wagging your tail with your teeth is impermanent. No matter how prosperous the Ming dynasty is, it will also make Yuan soldiers wake up late and kill whales and salamanders. The cover is balanced from beginning to end, and no one can do it. In the end, he relied on cunning, which was taken between big countries and delayed the life of the years. However, after all, friends are bold enough, scholars are sincere enough to pay wealth, and they are all destroyed in advance. Guo Zhen, in a tiny place, is even more detached and dead. He is not good at defending Guo Zhen, but good at fighting. Mao's original intention was to attack wood with soldiers and let the strong first follow his program. So decide haing s ngor first, and then discuss Guo Zhen. The trend of urgency should not be confused. The one in the middle who asked him to accept the money sent an emissary to confess the Oracle, pushed the proton back, put it aside and lost it. The bandits who cover Wu Han's family, go quickly, and the birds in the cage of national treasures, if treated as gifts, will not be a valley, and they will be in sight all day long. Is it really a white-headed soldier, leaving the dragon and Shu outside? He died with six divisions, fled to the island, brought the poor back to life, and sent him to the capital. As the saying goes,' Don't get into trouble'. There is another cloud:' Chaos has no beginning.' It is wrong for a national treasure to be stolen, which is enough for the new owner. "
"Ming History": "Long black face, white body, want to run a horse." "Guo is really a mess. He doesn't believe it again and again, but he dies a fair death."
Family members, brothers, brothers
Fang Guoxin
Fang Zhang Guo
younger brother
Fang is an official and participates in political affairs.
Fang is an official of the Council branch.
Son and nephew
Li Fang, the official to Guangyangwei, directs affairs.
Square officials, officials to thousands of towns.
Fang Xing, with bright and sensitive words, is Fang Guan's younger brother and is good at writing poems. Song Lian once praised him.
Cousin of the same age (or cousin)
Fangmingshan