The content of mental health education for primary school students can be divided into three levels:
(A) to maintain the mental health of primary school students
This is an educational content for all students to improve their basic quality. Specifically including:
1, intelligence training, that is, to help students establish a scientific understanding of the nature of intelligence and design different training activities for different components of intelligence, such as attention, observation and memory;
2. Learning psychological guidance, that is, helping students to establish a scientific understanding of the nature of learning activities, cultivating students to form a healthy and positive learning attitude and motivation, cultivating students to develop good learning habits and master scientific learning methods;
3. Emotional education, that is, teaching students to grasp and express their emotions, learning to effectively control, adjust and reasonably vent their negative emotions, observing and understanding others' emotions, and training related skills;
4. Interpersonal relationship guidance, that is, around the three interpersonal relationships of parent-child, teacher-student, and peer, know that students correctly understand the essence of various relationships and learn the skills and principles of dealing with various problems in interpersonal communication, including conflict resolution, cooperation and competition, learning to refuse, respect and support;
5, the cultivation of sound personality, that is, the individual noodle team should have healthy personality qualities under the pressure of social survival, such as independence, enterprise, frustration tolerance and so on.
6. Sexual psychological education, that is, the teaching and analysis of sexual physiology and psychological knowledge, helps students to establish correct gender concepts and gender identity, and guides students to understand and master the knowledge and skills of interacting with the opposite sex.
(b) Correcting students' psychological and behavioral problems
This is the educational content of psychological counseling and behavior correction training for a few students with psychological and behavioral problems, and most of them belong to the category of correction. Specifically including:
1, the problem of learning adaptation mainly refers to the psychological and behavioral problems surrounding learning activities, such as test anxiety, learning difficulties, inattention, school phobia, weariness of learning, etc.
2. Emotional problems mainly refer to negative emotional problems that affect students' normal life, study and healthy growth.
3. Common behavior problems mainly refer to students' bad behavior characteristics in life and study, such as hyperactivity, lying, timidity, etc.
4, physical and mental illness, mainly refers to the physical symptoms and reactions caused by psychological distress; 5. Sexual behavior mainly refers to children's sexual play behavior caused by sexual ignorance.
(C) the development of students' psychological potential and creativity
Psychological research shows that primary and secondary schools are the best time to develop psychological potential. The development of psychological potential and the cultivation of creativity are also important contents of mental health education in schools. It mainly includes the training and cultivation of students' judgment, reasoning, logical thinking, intuitive thinking, divergent thinking and creative thinking. At the same time, it also includes the cultivation of students' self-motivation ability, so as to improve students' independent consciousness and initiative.
Second, the ways and means of mental health education for primary school students
To carry out mental health education for primary school students is not to set up a new course in primary schools, but to infiltrate mental health education activities into all aspects of school work and optimize the whole education process. There are several ways to carry out mental health education in primary schools:
1. Infiltrate mental health education into the whole process of school education, and integrate it into subject teaching, school education activities, the work of class teachers, the work of young pioneers, etc.
2. Conduct special lectures on mental health and carry out related mental health cultural and sports activities;
3. Carry out psychological counseling and counseling;
4. Establish communication channels between schools and families for mental health education, and optimize the family education environment.
The basic methods of mental health education for primary school students are:
(1), subject teaching infiltration method
The content of mental health education is integrated into subject teaching, and students can receive mental health education in the process of mastering subject knowledge through the organic combination of the two. Several problems that should be paid attention to in mental health education with subject teaching method;
(1) We should pay attention to excavating the contents of psychological education in subject textbooks: whatever subject teaching is, in the sense of psychology and pedagogy, it is a process of exerting influence on students' psychological development. In teaching, we should pay attention to excavating and organizing the learning content that has an important influence on students' psychology, so that it can influence students' minds imperceptibly in the teaching process, which will make the subject teaching process get twice the result with half the effort.
(2) Attention should be paid to the design of subject teaching activities. Students' psychology develops in activities. Teachers should carefully design the teaching of each subject, mobilize students to actively participate in the whole teaching process, and give every student an opportunity to show himself as much as possible, so that students' psychological quality can be cultivated and improved in the teaching process.
(3) Create a good classroom psychological education environment. The success of psychological education in subject teaching depends on the degree of psychological integration between educators and educatees. Therefore, it is very important to build a harmonious and good classroom psychological education environment. Teachers should treat every student harmoniously and equally, respect their personality and regard them as their friends. On the basis of emotional compatibility, create a free and equal psychological atmosphere. At the same time, we should pay special attention to students with learning difficulties. We should not only strive to improve their academic performance, but also pay attention to analyzing the psychological causes of learning difficulties and giving guidance.
(2) Activity coaching method
Activity counseling is a method to integrate mental health education into interesting activities according to the laws of physical and mental development and age characteristics of primary school students. Students gradually realize the importance of mental health and self-mental health care through games and other interesting psychological counseling activities.
Using psychological counseling activities to carry out psychological education, the design of activities should be diversified, and different forms of activities can be designed according to different psychological counseling contents and the age characteristics of primary school students, such as roles, games, sketch performances, story telling, guessing, discussion, cultural and sports activities, etc. The design of each activity should at least achieve a clear psychological counseling goal; The development of psychological activities should be combined with class activities and second class activities as far as possible to avoid activities becoming a new academic burden; At the same time, teachers should carefully prepare and organize psychological counseling activities.
(3) individual psychological counseling
Individual psychological counseling is mainly to provide psychological counseling for a few students with psychological problems, to help them alleviate psychological problems and overcome psychological obstacles, which is the healthy development of psychology.
(A) individual psychological counseling should pay attention to several issues are:
A treat people equally, respect the personality of students with psychological problems, and make yourself friends with these students, thus building a bridge to communicate with their hearts;
B. Use the test carefully, diagnose psychological problems scientifically and accurately, and increase students' psychological burden;
C. Work closely with families to help parents improve the level of psychological counseling, accurately understand and master students' psychological behavior, and form a joint force of school and family psychological counseling.
(2) The methods of individual psychological counseling for primary school students:
A. psychological talk and counseling. Through psychological talk and consultation, we can understand the current situation of individual students' psychological problems, explain and coach the psychological problems learned in the conversation, and point out the methods to overcome these problems;
B. Psychological behavior training, that is, aiming at the outstanding psychological problems of individual students, special activities are designed to carry out psychological behavior training, and the purpose of improving certain psychological quality is achieved through training;
C. psychological diagnosis and psychotherapy. For students with serious psychological problems (diseases), it is scientific and effective to find out the psychological causes through scientific psychological testing and diagnosis, and then use psychological treatment methods, such as cognitive therapy, systematic desensitization, relaxation training, imitation learning, behavior rehearsal, psychoanalysis, Morita therapy, etc.