The disadvantages and advantages of smoking

The benefits of quitting smoking. According to scientists' experiments for many years, a series of beneficial changes will take place in the internal organs of smokers after quitting smoking, which are roughly as follows: within 20 minutes: blood pressure drops to the standard level; Pulse drops to standard speed; The temperature of hands and feet rose to standard body temperature. Within 8 hours: the content of carbon monoxide in blood drops to normal level; The oxygen content in the blood increased to normal level. Within 24 hours: the risk of myocardial infarction is reduced. Within 48 hours: the function of nerve endings gradually began to recover; Smell and taste are more sensitive to foreign substances. Within 72 hours: no more bronchospasm, greatly relaxed breathing and increased vital capacity. 2 weeks to a month; Stable blood circulation; Steady and light; Lung function improved by 30%. 1 to 9 months: symptoms such as cough, sinus congestion, fatigue and shortness of breath are relieved; New cilia appear on trachea and bronchial mucosa, and the function of handling mucus is enhanced; Less sputum, cleaner lungs and less chance of infection; Improve the body's energy reserve; The weight can be increased by 2 _ 3kg. 1 year: the risk of coronary atherosclerosis is reduced to half of that of smokers. Within five years: the mortality rate of lung cancer is lower than that of ordinary smokers (one pack a day), that is, from 1.37% to 0.72%, or close to that of non-smokers; The incidence of oral, respiratory and esophageal cancers dropped to half that of smokers; The incidence of myocardial infarction is almost reduced to the level of non-smokers. 10 years: precancerous cells were replaced by healthy cells, and the incidence of lung cancer dropped to the level of non-smokers; The incidence of cancer in oral cavity, respiratory tract, esophagus, bladder, kidney and pancreas decreased significantly. /kloc-within 0/5 years: the risk of coronary atherosclerosis is the same as that of non-smokers. Therefore, it is never too late to quit smoking, and it is best to quit smoking before your health is seriously damaged. A cohort study by British doctors shows that if smokers can quit smoking before the age of 35, the risk of dying from tobacco-related diseases is significantly reduced, which is almost the same as that of non-smokers. 2. Changes in the incidence of major organs after quitting smoking 1. Respiratory system: The relative risk of lung cancer of smokers is 10- 15 times that of non-smokers, and the risk of lung cancer of a smoker after quitting smoking 10 years will be 30%-50% of that of continuous smokers. Quitting smoking can also reduce the risk of pneumonia and bronchitis. Smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). After quitting smoking, the rate of lung function decline with age will be close to that of non-smokers. 2, circulatory system: the risk of smokers dying of coronary heart disease is twice that of never smokers. Within one year after smokers quit smoking, this risk will be reduced by 50%. After quitting smoking 15 years, the risk will be close to that of never smokers. 3. Nervous system: Compared with non-smokers, the relative risk of death from stroke is twice that of non-smokers. Some smokers can reduce this risk to the level of non-smokers within five years after quitting smoking, while others need to persist for 15 years to receive this effect. In addition, quitting smoking can improve cerebral blood flow. 4. Pregnant women smoking makes the fetal and infant mortality rate 25_50% higher than that of normal non-smokers, and the average weight of infants at birth is 200 grams lower than the normal value. If they can quit smoking before getting pregnant, their babies will weigh almost the same as those born to mothers who never smoke. Some people worry that they will get fat, but a large number of studies show that the average weight gain of smokers is only 2.3 kilograms. This weight gain has little effect on health. Of course, there are very few people who gain more weight (more than 9 kg) after quitting smoking, but the possibility of quitting smoking is only 4%. Thirdly, there is a common misunderstanding in China's research among middle-aged and elderly smokers in China: people who have long-term smoking habits suddenly quit smoking will do more harm than good, and even lead to death. The results of a cohort study of the elderly in Xi 'an showed that after adjusting the important death risk factors such as age, blood pressure, blood lipid and weight, the total death risk of those who successfully quit smoking for two years or more decreased by 56%. The mortality rate of coronary heart disease decreased by 93%. It is worth noting that the risk of COPD death among smokers is still high (RR=4. 10). It is suggested that the overall health protection effect of middle-aged and elderly people quitting smoking is positive. For individual diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), it is necessary to quit smoking as soon as possible or for a long time because of the particularity of its natural course. However, such former smokers often quit smoking because of illness, and the recent death after quitting smoking is mostly related to the serious condition.