In my opinion, the biggest similarity between Li Yu and Li Qingzhao is that their life experience and ci creation can be divided into two periods. More importantly, they both reached the artistic peak of ci after experiencing the pain of family destruction and death, and embarked on the position of first-class figures in the history of ci.
Look at Li Yu first.
Li Yu (937-978), formerly known as Jia Cong, whose real name was Shi Guang and the word Zhong Yin, was the sixth son of Li Jing, the ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and was known as Li Houzhu in history. In the second year (96 1), Yu's stepfather was the ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty. He once worked in Song Zhengshuo, and started his career for eight years (975). The city was broken and taken to Bianjing, making it disobey orders. Song Taizong Taiping rejuvenating the country for three years (978), took morning medicine and died of poisoning.
Li calligraphy is good at painting and has a clear temperament. In the early stage, I was deeply attached to the big and small weeks, and my life was extravagant. I often used chanting to shape it. As the monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty, his life is quite luxurious, and his poems are narrow in subject matter, which is nothing more than expressing court life, love or parting between men and women.
After the national subjugation, his lonely and sad situation turned his writing to homesickness and hatred of national subjugation.
From the "red brocade lichen" in the Southern Tang Dynasty to the "old country is unbearable to look back" in the Song Dynasty, the poet Li Yu's life experience has fallen from heaven to earth, and the inner pain of "keeping hatred like spring grass, making further progress" is beyond ordinary people's understanding.
The style of Li Yu's early poems is beautiful and soft, and he still hasn't got rid of the habit of "flowers". After the national subjugation, during the house arrest of "Everyday Lacrimosa", he made the king of national subjugation become the "Southern King" of the eternal ci circle with a tearful swan song. These later poems mostly reflected the great pain of the poet's national subjugation, and sublimated the separation and hatred between individuals in traditional poems into longing for their homeland, desolate and tragic, with far-reaching artistic conception, which laid the foundation for Su Xin's so-called "bold and unconstrained" school.
One of the most famous is "Young Beauty": "When are the spring flowers and the autumn moon? How much do you know about the past? The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country was unbearable. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the jade fence should still be there, but Zhu Yan changed it. How much sadness can you have? It's just a river flowing eastward. "
This word is Li Yu's last words. When this song "Yu Meiren" was written, Geisha was asked to sing, drink and fiddle with the strings on his birthday on July 7th, which made him famous. When Song Taizong knew this, he hated his motherland. When he was angry, he gave him poisoned wine and poisoned him with morning medicine.
Perhaps it is sympathy for Li Yu's experience or pity for his talent, so some seniors lamented: "Being a talent is really peerless, and being a king is poor and unlucky." So modern people assume history: what would happen to Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, if she were not the emperor? The implication is that Li Yu's artistic talent was wasted and destroyed only because he became an emperor. It seems that if Li Yu were not an emperor, he would leave more outstanding works in the history of literature.
However, if Li Yu really didn't become an emperor, he might become a poet with rich creation and a place in the history of literature, but he will never become a first-class poet with the reputation of "Emperor of Ci", and his ci will never become a masterpiece that is well-known and dumped for generations. Because artistic creation depends not only on genius, but also on inspiration. In a sense, it depends more on the richness and depth of life experience. How many of the ci poems he wrote before he became emperor describing the luxurious life of the court and the love between men and women can be called "masterpieces"? And no one can compare with the deep sorrow and great pain of blood and tears he showed after he became the king of national subjugation! The most accomplished ci poems that established his outstanding position in the history of literature, such as Yu Meiren, Midnight Song, Looking at the South of the Yangtze River, Qingping Music, Langtaosha, Langtaosha Order and Huihuan, were all written in the last two years of his life. These words are all blood and tears to express the pain of national subjugation.
It can be seen that it is with this tragic experience of the "emperor in China" that he can become the "emperor in words" of the Romantic generation, leave many blood and tears that can make the gods of later generations cry, and achieve great artistic success in a short life. Obviously, this success and failure are closely related to his fate as an emperor. It is really "success is also an emperor, and failure is also an emperor."
Wang Guowei's "Ci-Hua on Earth" commented: "Ci-Hua came to Li Houzhu and began to have a broad vision and deep feelings, so it became a musician's word and a scholar-bureaucrat's word"; "The words of the late Lord are really called blood books."
Imagine how he could "empathize" and "draw blood from books" without the misfortune of imprisonment and the sorrow of banishment. At best, I can only continue to write the cliche that "the red sun is three feet high and the golden stove adds fragrance". How can I become a master who can catch up with Tang poetry?
Look at Li Qingzhao again,
Li Qingzhao's creative achievements are no less than those of any male poet. Scholars in Song Dynasty believed in Li Qingzhao. Wang Zhuo said: "If this is a woman, (Li Qingzhao) should be the first to promote literature." ("Bi Zhi" Volume II) Many proud literati in the past dynasties fell in love with her outstanding talents. Wang Shizhen, a famous litterateur in Qing Dynasty, once proudly said, "There are two schools of graceful words and bold words in Zhang Nanhu. The servant said that Yi An was graceful, but young and peaceful came first. They are all from Jinan, so it is difficult to continue. "Li Qingzhao seems to be a sectarian master of graceful words. Other compliments abound.
Li Qingzhao established her lofty position in the history of ancient China literature with her brilliant literary creation and infinite artistic charm. Wang Sanbao wrote "On Poetry" and concluded: "Yi 'an is beautiful but incoherent, and a hundred generations of talents follow in its footsteps. Compared with Zen Buddhism, Manjushri is people-centered. "
Li Qingzhao (1084—— about 1 15 1) was a poetess in the Southern Song Dynasty. No. Yi 'an Jushi was born in Zhangqiu, qi zhou (present-day Shandong). Father Li was a famous scholar at that time, and husband Zhao Mingcheng was a textual research scholar. In his early years, he lived comfortably, and once cooperated with Ming City to collect and sort out calligraphy and painting stones. In the later period, Jin Bing entered the Central Plains, and Li Qingzhao lived in the south. Ming Cheng died of illness and was in a lonely situation.
Like Li Yu, Li Qingzhao's ci creation is divided into two periods.
She comes from a famous family, and her parents are good at words. At the age of eighteen, she left her girlhood and married Zhao Mingcheng, which was the happiest time in her life. Many of her words are about love, including the first love of a girl and the life of a young woman, and her love for leaving her husband. According to her words, "crimson and thin, water and muscle, snow and crisp, smile and laugh at Tan Lang, tonight the yarn is cold" ("Picking Mulberry Seeds"), "Embroidering the lotus smile curtain, leaning on the fragrant cheeks of precious ducks, and guessing with your eyes moving." ("Qingxi Yarn") "Looking back at the door, Wen Qingmei." Wait, you can see. This kind of description can always deeply contrast the feelings and moods of girls, and this kind of life can be regarded as the happiest life.
Li Qingzhao's early poems mainly show her yearning and pursuit of happy love and her love for nature and life through the description of boudoir life.
After the "Difficulties of Jingkang", Li Qingzhao's life had the same exile experience as many literati at that time, and a series of special unfortunate accidents happened. First her husband died of illness, and then she was suspected of collaborating with the enemy. Suffering from this torture, her thoughts and health were greatly threatened and destroyed. The collapse of the country, the humiliation of the nation, the destruction of life and personal misfortune have greatly changed the thought and style of Li Qingzhao's later ci. Therefore, in her later works, she generally reflected what an intellectual saw, heard and thought: her desire to resist gold, her yearning for her hometown and her understanding of life experience. For example, the following sentence:
The wind has stopped the dust, the fragrant flowers have blossomed, and I am tired of combing my hair at night. Things are people, not everything, and tears flow first. It is said that Shuangxi Spring is still good, and it is also planned to make canoes. I'm afraid I'm going boating in Shuangliu. I can't carry it, and I'm worried. (Wu Lingchun)
This word was written in Jinhua, Shaoxing, Song Gaozong (1 135). She took refuge in Jinhua when the Nomads invaded, when she was 5 1 year old. There are many ways to write lyric poems in China, but generally speaking, they can be divided into direct expression of ideas and tortuous thinking. However, it is unique for Li Qingzhao to embody this tradition in the Song Dynasty, and the artistic power revealed in her lyric poems is even rarer. Just seven words, such as the first sentence of the above sentence, "The wind has stopped the dust and the fragrant flowers have run out", describe a desolate environment for us. Poets living in this environment are "tired of combing their hair at night." This shows that in such a bleak environment, the poet's heart is full of sadness, not just emptiness and boredom. Coupled with the destruction of the country, the strong enemy is now, her husband is dead, and she fell alone. "Things are people, not everything." "Tears flow first." The protagonist full of anxiety and sadness is actually the author himself.
Looking at Li Qingzhao's life as a synonym, the first half of her life is happy and the second half is sad, just like a watershed is clearly drawn like water. Her ci should also be divided into two stages based on her life track in the south, so that we can more clearly see the images of various lyric heroes expressed in Li Qingzhao's ci. She is proud of her early life, and her characters are romantic, optimistic and enthusiastic. Most of them are about the love life of Feiyue Pavilion and young women. Frustrated in the second half of the year, most of the characters in his ci have a strong sense of homesickness and sorrow. Write more about the sadness of the collapse of the country and the incompatibility between individuals and society.
The shadow of Li Qingzhao's personal life and the background of that era are deeply imprinted in her works. It is no accident that she can become the most accomplished poetess in the history of China.
Therefore, while lamenting the death of Li Yu and his family and the unfortunate experience of Li Qingzhao, we might as well make an assumption that the second half of the two great poets is as smooth as the first half. In other words, what will happen if the later works of the two poets are removed? If that really happens, I'm afraid there will be no "emperor in words" or "graceful school" in the history of literature.
This is really "the unfortunate poet of the country is lucky, and words begin to play a role in the vicissitudes of life."
In fact, there are more than two Li. Throughout history, the more troubled times, the more profound works can be produced. Maybe this has become a rule? If so, how to define "luck" and "misfortune"? People should clap their hands and praise the excellent works soaked in bitter life, but if we deviate a little and think that Li Houzhu and Li Yian have been perfected by subjugation, it is really a kind of cruelty of onlookers!