Liu Huaqing pointed out that mental health is an important part of the all-round development of children and adolescents. In the process of a person's growth, a healthy psychology should be a good state of reasonable cognition, emotional stability, decent behavior, interpersonal harmony and adaptation to change.
The China Youth Development Report issued by China Youth Research Center and the International Liaison Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League shows that there are about 30 million children and adolescents under 7 years old in China who have various emotional disorders and behavioral problems. According to the forecast of the World Health Organization, by 2020, the number of children with mental disorders in the world will continue to increase substantially.
Children with ADHD or lack of parent-child companionship
It is understood that at present, the main psychological and behavioral problems faced by children and adolescents are: emotional problems, behavioral problems, lack of coping styles and subjective well-being, and in severe cases, psychological disorders and ADHD will occur.
Liu Huaqing believes that teenagers' psychological instability, incomplete cognitive structure, unsynchronized physical maturity and psychological development, conflict between rebellion and dependence on society and family, and alternation of sense of accomplishment and frustration will make their anxiety more serious. At the same time, children and adolescents are more prone to psychological and behavioral problems because of their fragile self-awareness, shallow life experience and low ability to resist setbacks.
In addition, some children are inattentive in class, make many small moves, do their homework slowly, drag their feet and be careless. This condition is called "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" in medicine, commonly known as ADHD.
Cao Qingjiu, director of the Children's Ward of Peking University Sixth Hospital, said that the prevalence rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children and adolescents is high, accounting for about 5%, which is mainly caused by poor self-control ability. For such children, positive behavior intervention must be carried out. If the influence on study and life is obvious, we should do some drug intervention.
"ADHD in children may be related to the lack of parent-child companionship in infancy." Liu Huaqing said that early child psychoanalysis theory can guide family parenting practice. Analyze the life history of distracted and hyperactive children, especially in their early life, many people have experienced separation and abandonment.
Liu Huaqing introduced that some busy parents sent their infant children to their grandparents to raise them, and then returned to their parents to go to school when they were five or six years old. This is actually very easy to cause attention and ADHD. Children attract the attention and attention of their relatives with bad behaviors such as hyperactivity and concentration, but when their relatives treat them with abuse, criticism and violence, they will have bigger problems. Liu Huaqing suggested that parents should live with their children aged 0-6, and keep natural contact with their children to avoid more mental health problems in adolescence.
Addicted to games and surfing the Internet requires professional help from psychiatry.
With the popularity of the Internet, computer and mobile games are becoming more and more abundant, which leads many children and teenagers to indulge in the network and games, which is also the focus of many parents' attention.
Liu Huaqing believes that indulging in internet or games will seriously affect normal life. Once some children are not allowed to play games, they may even have symptoms such as discomfort, palpitation, shortness of breath, sleepless nights and poor diet. Need professional help from psychiatry.
"Many children are addicted to games or the Internet because their family relationship has gone wrong." Liu Huaqing said that parents should take the initiative to create a good family atmosphere and relationships, have moderate expectations for their children, and treat and guide their children with a developmental perspective. If serious psychological problems are found, they should be transferred to a professional hospital for treatment and diagnosis as soon as possible. Liu Huaqing introduced that at the end of 20 13, a pediatric and adolescent cardiology ward was established in huilongguan hospital, which can provide psychological counseling and psychotherapy services for children and adolescents through painting, dancing and other different ways.
In addition, there are many factors that affect the mental health of children and adolescents, such as schools and society. To prevent and reduce the psychological problems of children and adolescents, we must take comprehensive measures combining family, school and society.
Liu Huaqing suggested that schools should actively guide children to maintain a healthy and positive mental state. It is necessary to integrate mental health education into various educational activities in schools, moisten things quietly, organize and guide children to participate in colorful and diverse campus culture and social practice activities, and promote their all-round development. Through various activities, strengthen the exchange and communication of thoughts and feelings of primary and secondary school students, and strive to create a good atmosphere conducive to the healthy growth of students. At the same time, do a good job in mental health services for primary and secondary school students. Provide timely, effective and high-quality mental health education and services for primary and secondary school students through individual consultation, group consultation, telephone consultation, network consultation, colorful class collective activities, mental health education and psychological behavior training.
From the social level, we should use and standardize the mass media and actively create a good social atmosphere. Reduce the spread of bad social atmosphere to schools and avoid affecting the psychological growth of children and adolescents. Actively use various media to enrich children's lives, increase their knowledge and improve their mental health.
(Yin Lina)