1. Chemotherapy patients often have fear, anxiety, doubt and disappointment due to different social environment and education level, long chemotherapy time, side effects after chemotherapy, and concerns about chemotherapy effect and chemotherapy cost. Being in a bad mood will increase the side effects of chemotherapy and affect the smooth completion of chemotherapy. Therefore, before chemotherapy, patients should maintain a good psychological state, face up to reality and establish confidence in overcoming the disease.
People who are addicted to alcohol and tobacco should give up smoking and drinking, because alcohol and tobacco will aggravate their illness and is not conducive to rehabilitation.
3. Before applying chemotherapy, it is necessary to improve various tests, including blood routine and liver and kidney function.
4. Rest the night before chemotherapy. If the patient has difficulty falling asleep, hypnotics can be used appropriately according to the doctor's advice. Soaking feet with warm water and drinking hot milk before going to bed can avoid or alleviate gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea and vomiting.
In chemotherapy,
1. Because chemotherapy drugs are highly toxic and irritating to blood vessels, it is recommended to put a tube in subclavian central vein.
2. During chemotherapy, patients should drink plenty of water, especially patients with high chemotherapy dose, which should be 2000-3000 ml per day, and the urine output should be about 3000 ml. In order to accelerate the excretion of drug metabolites in the body, reduce the damage to the kidney and reduce the stimulation of chemotherapy drugs to gastrointestinal mucosa.
3. During chemotherapy, patients should eat more light foods that are easy to digest and less greasy, eat more foods with high protein and cellulose, such as meat, eggs, milk, fish, etc., and eat more fresh fruits and vegetables to enhance the body's resistance.
4. During chemotherapy, blood routine 1-2 times a week. When the white blood cells are lower than 4.0× 109/L, or the platelets are lower than 100× 109/L, the doctor will reduce the dose or stop chemotherapy, and appropriately apply drugs to increase the white blood cells and platelets.
After chemotherapy
1. Digestive tract reaction: This is the most common side effect of chemotherapy, manifested as nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. In general, the routine use of antiemetic drugs before chemotherapy drugs will prevent or alleviate these reactions. If there are appeal symptoms, patients can choose a light and digestible diet. Rinse your mouth with warm water immediately after vomiting, so that the patient is in a comfortable position; When vomiting is serious, you can temporarily fast for a certain period of time to reduce the burden on the gastrointestinal tract. After chemotherapy, the symptoms will gradually disappear. Acupuncture and shiatsu can be used to relieve symptoms. Common parts: Neiguan, Hegu and Zusanli.
2. Bone marrow transplantation: manifested as leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and the whole body showed fatigue and easy to catch a cold. Pay attention to keep warm after chemotherapy, prevent colds, reduce outdoor activities and family visits, and reduce the chance of infection. When the white blood cells are below 4.0× 109/L and platelets are below 80× 109/L, indoor air disinfection should be strengthened. When the WBC is lower than 1.0× 109/L, an isolation ward should be set up for ultraviolet disinfection. Observe whether the patient has bleeding tendency, such as gum, nosebleed, ecchymosis, hematuria and hematochezia. Keep the indoor temperature and humidity appropriate, and the patient's nasal mucosa and lips can be coated with paraffin oil to prevent dryness. Press the needle eye for ten minutes after injection to prevent sharp objects from damaging the patient's skin. When the patient goes out, he is accompanied by his family.
3. Stomatitis: Some chemotherapy drugs, such as 5- fluorouracil and methotrexate, have strong irritation to oral mucosa, showing dry mouth and ulcer. Patients should keep their mouths clean, rinse their mouths before and after meals, brush their teeth with a soft toothbrush in the morning and evening, and give oral care when necessary.
4. Cardiotoxicity: Some drugs, such as adriamycin, epirubicin, paclitaxel and taxotere, can cause cardiotoxicity.
5. Hair loss: The patient has no special discomfort. Correctly treat the reality of hair loss, you can wear a wig when you go out, and your hair will grow back after stopping taking medicine.
6. Constipation: Pay attention to defecation, encourage patients to exercise properly, defecate regularly, increase the content of dietary fiber in food and drink plenty of water. If they have not defecated for 2-3 days, laxatives and enemas should be used if necessary. Health behavior guidance: drink a glass of light salt water on an empty stomach every morning (honey water can be drunk for those without diabetes). Eating bananas before meals has a good effect on preventing constipation.