1. Physical factors: These hazards mainly include the direct or indirect effects of physical conditions such as noise, vibration, radiation, high and low temperature, and air pressure on the health of workers;
2. Chemical factors: Such hazards include all kinds of toxic and harmful chemicals, such as heavy metals, organic solvents, pesticides, toxic gases, etc. These substances may cause damage to workers' respiratory system, liver and nervous system during production;
3. Biological factors: This hazard includes various biological factors such as germs, viruses, fungi and parasites. For example, people who work in hospitals and laboratories may be exposed to pathogens of various diseases and are prone to infectious diseases.
The working environment of workers is called the working environment. Whether working indoors or outdoors, on the ground or underground, workers are faced with different environmental conditions, such as the high temperature of smelting operation, the high humidity of underground operation, the cold of open-air operation, the noise and vibration of riveting operation and rock drilling operation, the dust of crushing operation, the toxic and harmful gases of chemical operation, the electromagnetic radiation of some operations, the lighting and color of working space, etc. The hazard factors of three types of occupational diseases are as follows: 1, physical factor 2, chemical factor 3 and biological factor.
How to avoid three kinds of occupational diseases?
1. Physical factors: Pay attention to maintaining correct working posture, improve work efficiency and reduce fatigue. At the same time, safety equipment, such as protective earplugs, gloves and goggles, should be equipped to protect the body from physical factors such as noise, vibration and radiation.
2. Chemical factors: non-toxic and environmentally friendly substances should be used to reduce the time and frequency of using toxic and harmful chemicals. If you must contact with toxic and harmful chemicals, you should wear corresponding protective clothing and respirator, and strictly abide by the operating rules and procedures;
3. Biological factors: personal hygiene should be strengthened, hands should be washed frequently, and masks should be worn to prevent the spread of diseases. For hospital and laboratory staff, we must strictly abide by the operating rules and procedures, correctly use protective facilities, and receive regular physical examinations.
To sum up, occupational diseases are very harmful, so it is necessary to avoid them, study all kinds of occupational disease prevention knowledge seriously, improve self-protection awareness, strengthen safety production education and training, ensure the safety and hygiene of the working environment, and actively cooperate with enterprises to take corresponding standardized management measures.
Legal basis:
Article 15 of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases shall meet the following occupational health requirements in addition to the establishment conditions stipulated by laws and administrative regulations:
(1) The intensity or concentration of occupational hazard factors meets the national occupational health standards;
(2) Having facilities suitable for the protection of occupational hazards;
(three) the production layout is reasonable, in line with the principle of separation of harmful and harmless operations;
(4) There are supporting sanitary facilities such as dressing rooms, bathing rooms and lounges for pregnant women;
(five) equipment, tools, appliances and other facilities meet the requirements of protecting the physical and mental health of workers;
(six) laws, administrative regulations and other requirements of the health administrative department of the State Council on the protection of workers' health.