Albert Einstein (1879- 1955)
The greatest physicist of the 20th century. Einstein was born in a Jewish family in Ulm, Germany. Influenced by his uncle as an engineer, he was enlightened by natural science and philosophy since he was a child. 1896, Einstein entered the normal department of Zurich University of Technology to study physics, and obtained Swiss nationality in 190 1 year. The following year, he was hired as a technician by the Swiss Patent Office in Bern, engaged in technical appraisal of invention patent applications. He used his spare time to engage in scientific research and made historic achievements in 1905. 1909, Einstein left the Swiss Patent Office and became an associate professor of theoretical physics at the University of Zurich; 19 12 became a professor at his alma mater, Zurich University of Technology; 19/kloc-returned to Germany in 0/4, and served as the director of the Institute of Physics of Emperor William and a professor at the University of Berlin. After the establishment of the fascist regime, Einstein was persecuted and forced to leave Germany. 1933 moved to the United States and served as a professor at Princeton Institute of Advanced Studies until 1945 retired.
Einstein is one of the most creative and intelligent figures in human history. He created four fields of physics in his life: special relativity, general relativity, cosmology and unified field theory. He is one of the main founders of quantum theory, and has also made great contributions to the theory of molecular motion and quantum statistics.
1905, Einstein published a paper on electrodynamics of moving objects, put forward the principle of relativity in a special sense and the principle of invariance of light speed, and established the special theory of relativity. On this basis, he further obtained the mass-energy formula E=mc2 with the same mass and energy. The special theory of relativity reveals the unity of space and time, as the unity of mechanical motion and electromagnetic kinematics as the existing form of matter, further reveals the unity of matter and motion, and lays a theoretical foundation for the utilization of atomic energy.
19 15, Einstein established the general theory of relativity, which further revealed the relationship between time and matter in four-dimensional space. According to the gravitational theory of general relativity, he concluded that light travels along a curve rather than a straight line in the gravitational field. This prediction was confirmed in the observation of solar eclipse by British astronomers in 19 19. From 65438 to 0938, Einstein made great progress in the motion of general relativity, and deduced the motion equation of objects from the field equation, thus further revealing the unity of space-time, matter, motion and gravity.
Einstein made great contributions to quantum theory. 1905, he put forward the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of energy is discontinuous, and thought that the energy at the speed of light is quantized in the process of propagation, absorption and production, and successfully revealed the photoelectric effect. This is the first time in history that the fluctuation of radiation and the unity of particles have been revealed in the process of human understanding of nature. 19 16 Einstein put forward the theory of stimulated radiation in his article Quantum Theory of Radiation, which laid a theoretical foundation for today's laser technology.
After the general theory of relativity, Einstein explored the unified field theory of the universe, gravity and electromagnetism. In order to prove the static distribution of celestial bodies in space, a finite and infinite static universe model is proposed based on the gravitational field, which is unstable. The motion of galaxy separation can be predicted from the gravitational field equation and later observed by astronomy.
Einstein loved music and thought that his performance in playing violin was better than that in physics. Einstein died at Princeton. He respects his wishes, does not erect a monument, does not hold any activities, and his ashes are scattered in a place that will always be kept secret from others.