Gossip content: An Internet celebrity claims that the density of the 5G base station is extremely high, because it is millimeter wave with high vibration frequency, which may cause some vibration frequencies of water molecules and oxygen molecules. According to his own physical knowledge, he judged that the 5G base station did great harm to human body.
Truth: First of all, radiation is a way of energy transfer. The earth itself is a big magnetic field. Lightning, thunder and sunspot activities in nature all produce electromagnetic radiation, which is accompanied by the whole process of life generation and evolution. In daily life, radio stations, microwave ovens, induction cookers, computers, televisions and hair dryers are all sources of electromagnetic waves. It can be said that electric field radiation has become an inseparable part of people's lives. Secondly, the electromagnetic radiation energy of mobile phones and base stations is too small to break the DNA chain. It belongs to non-ionizing radiation, which is completely different from ionizing radiation such as X-ray and nuclear radiation. Mainly thermal effect. Moreover, modern wireless communication technology adopts intelligent control technology of uplink and downlink power, so the more communication base stations, the better the effect of mobile phone conversation, and the electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones and base stations will be smaller. Finally, according to the requirements of national standards, the electromagnetic radiation of communication base stations needs to be less than 40 microwatts per square centimeter. In practice, operators will consider the superposition of different wireless communication signals, and the project construction will be controlled within 8 microwatts /cm2. The electromagnetic radiation level in the actual environment will be far below the safety limit.
2. Rumor: High-speed rail radiation in China is serious. "Take the high-speed rail = take X-rays."
Myth content: Domestic high-speed rail has had serious radiation problems since its birth. Taking the high-speed train is equivalent to taking X-rays, and the biggest harm to people is to destroy the female reproductive system.
Truth: Trains running on high-speed railways in China generally use 25,000 volts and 50 hertz alternating current. The electromagnetic radiation produced by high-speed rail and high-voltage power equipment belongs to "extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation". The energy is small, it will not break the DNA chain, and it belongs to non-ionizing radiation, which is completely different from the ionizing radiation of X-rays in hospitals. Therefore, the statement that "taking the high-speed train = taking X-rays" is purely misleading. Where there is electricity, there is radiation, ordinary trains and subways have radiation, mobile phone razors have radiation, and sunlight also has radiation. As long as the radiation is within the safe value, it will not affect people. The International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection stipulates that the safety standard of magnetic field radiation generated by high-speed rail is below 100 micro Tesla (magnetic induction intensity unit), and the safety standard of electric field radiation is below 5 kV/m ... The professionals of Beijing Railway Bureau specially measured the electric field radiation in the high-speed rail car and disclosed the measurement data. The electric field radiation values of first-class cars, second-class cars, car seams, cabs and other positions of different models are distributed in the range of 0.01-0.021kv/m. Comparing these data, it is not difficult to find that the electromagnetic radiation of high-speed rail in China is far below the international standard and cannot cause harm to human body.
3, rumors: long-term use of antihypertensive drugs to death
Myth: More than half of hypertensive patients died of renal failure and heart failure, which is closely related to the long-term use of antihypertensive western medicine. Western medicine will make patients have a strong drug dependence, and the drug "toxicity" will destroy the heart, brain and kidney, and it will also bring side effects such as dizziness, nausea, palpitation, asthma and edema.
Truth: Hypertension is a common disease. If it is not effectively treated for a long time, it will lead to the damage or failure of target organs, such as heart failure, renal failure, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and so on. And eventually lead to the death of the patient. The purpose of taking antihypertensive drugs is to avoid the damage of target organs, so it will not cause the death of patients. Secondly, due to the individual differences of patients, a few antihypertensive drugs do cause discomfort to a few people, such as dizziness, nausea and local edema. However, the above side effects can basically be solved by adjusting drugs. In addition, it has been scientifically proved that antihypertensive drugs are basically not addictive and will not cause patients to have strong drug dependence.
4. Myth: E-cigarette is non-toxic and harmless, and it is a weapon to quit smoking.
Gossip content: E-cigarettes can replace traditional cigarettes, and their products are healthy and pollution-free, with the effects of "no second-hand smoke", "eliminating carcinogens such as tar" and "helping to quit smoking", which is worth popularizing.
Truth: Although e-cigarettes contain no tar and are less harmful than traditional cigarettes, they contain nicotine that is harmful to health. In addition, nicotine is the main component leading to smoking addiction, and nicotine in e-cigarettes is also addictive. The nicotine content of some e-cigarettes even exceeds that of traditional cigarettes, so smoking e-cigarettes can't effectively help smokers quit smoking.
5. Myth: Hunger can "starve" tumors and delay aging.
Gossip content: It is rumored that when human cells are hungry, they can eat useless or harmful substances in their bodies and provide energy for their own survival. Therefore, being vegetarian or eating less can activate autophagy and play a role in delaying aging and prolonging life.
Truth: It is not advisable to reduce the risk of cancer by eating less vegetarian food. It was found that the incidence of cancer in malnutrition patients was higher, and the incidence of malnutrition in tumor patients was significantly higher than that in other benign diseases. If the tumor patients are malnourished, their immunity will be further reduced, which is not conducive to the treatment and rehabilitation of the disease. In addition, "cell hunger" is not hunger in our daily life, nor autophagy in medical research. At present, the study of autophagy is far from clinical application, and the relationship between autophagy and anti-tumor and aging is still unclear. Fast food, ketogenic diet and gluten-free diet, which are very popular in recent years, were originally medical treatments for specific groups (obesity, childhood epilepsy, definite gluten allergy, etc.). ), medical professionals need to evaluate and monitor it before and after implementation to ensure the safety of patients.
6. Myth: Pregnant women should not be vaccinated against influenza.
Myth: Pregnant women inoculated with influenza vaccine will infect pregnant women with influenza virus, aggravate pregnancy reaction, affect fetal health and even lead to fetal malformation.
Truth: Winter and spring are the high incidence periods of influenza, and some people who are weak and sick are particularly vulnerable to influenza virus, and influenza vaccination is an effective way to resist and prevent influenza. Compared with the general population, pregnant women are slightly weaker and more vulnerable to influenza virus attacks. A large number of studies show that during the influenza epidemic, the risk of hospitalization, ICU stay and death of pregnant women due to influenza infection is significantly increased. Studies have also shown that pregnant women suffering from influenza will have an impact on fetuses and newborns, such as stillbirth, premature delivery and low birth weight, so it is necessary for pregnant women to be vaccinated against influenza, and pregnant women can be vaccinated against influenza at any stage of pregnancy.
Pregnant women should pay attention to the fact that it is ok to vaccinate inactivated vaccines during pregnancy, but non-inactivated vaccines are prohibited. Non-inactivated vaccine is a live vaccine or attenuated live vaccine made by artificial directional mutagenesis or screening live microorganisms with weakened toxicity or basically no toxicity from nature. This vaccine has the potential risk of infecting the fetus. In addition, it should be noted that people who are allergic to eggs or any components of the vaccine should not be vaccinated against influenza; Patients with mild or moderate acute diseases with or without fever symptoms are advised to be vaccinated after the symptoms subside; Pregnant women with Guillain-Barre syndrome should consult a doctor before deciding whether to vaccinate.
7. Myth: Depression is either a disease or too melodramatic.
Gossip content: According to media reports, a 20-year-old girl suffered from depression. Weibo said, "I have been ill for a long time, and this is the last suicide". Many people think that depression is just too melodramatic, which is caused by temporary obsession or weak will.
Truth: Depression is a common mental illness in today's society. Its typical symptoms are persistent depression, difficulty in concentration, memory loss, insomnia, and even suicide. Depression will affect patients' study, work, life and social interaction to varying degrees. The patient himself can't control the pain through willpower.
Therefore, we should not blame or question patients with depression, but increase efforts to spread depression and its treatment, treat depression correctly and care for patients with depression.
8. Myth: Low-salt diet is unhealthy.
Myth: Gastric acid is produced from salt. Salt can promote digestion, and low salt can cause digestive problems. At the same time, a low-salt diet may cause gluten allergy. In addition, some people abroad died of heatstroke in extremely hot weather because of low-salt diet.
Truth: The main component of gastric acid is hydrochloric acid, and the main component of salt is sodium chloride. Sodium chloride is not only an important condiment, but also an indispensable substance for maintaining normal metabolism of human body. Regulate the balanced distribution of water in human body, maintain the balance of pH and the normal circulation of body fluids, and also participate in the formation of gastric acid and promote the secretion of digestive juice. The human body does not need salt, but a small amount of salt can meet the needs of the body, and "invisible salt" is everywhere in life, such as milk, meat, biscuits, bread, dried noodles and so on. Therefore, even people with light taste may have the possibility of excessive sodium intake. Even if you don't eat salt, other chlorine-containing foods will still produce stomach acid after intake. Ordinary adults can maintain their basic physiological needs by taking 3 grams of salt every day. Excessive salt intake can cause many health problems, such as hypertension, osteoporosis and even gastric cancer. At present, the recommended daily intake of salt for adults is about 5 to 6 grams, but the actual research shows that the daily intake of salt for adults in China has reached 9 to 10 grams, far exceeding the health standard, so it is the right way to control and reduce salt.
In addition, only under certain circumstances, such as hot weather or strenuous exercise and sweating, resulting in a large loss of salt in the body, it is necessary to supplement a large amount of salt. At present, most residents in our country do little daily exercise and blow air conditioners to cool down in summer, resulting in less perspiration, so most people don't need to add a lot of salt. Low-salt diet has nothing to do with gluten allergy, which is induced by cereal protein.
9. Myth: Myopia can be cured.
Myth content: As long as the method is correct, myopia can be cured in a certain period of time. For example, acupuncture has a very good effect on myopia. Myopia patients below 800 degrees and under 60 years old can be cured, and the cure rate can reach 90%. Within one to three months, their vision can be restored to normal vision above 65,438+0.0 without recurrence. Its principle is to restore the self-regulation function of vision to normal by stimulating related nerves. Generally speaking, the cure rate needs to be determined according to the specific situation of patients. The younger the age, the shorter the course of disease and the more significant the curative effect.
Truth: When the human eye is in a relaxed state, parallel light passes through the refractive system of the eyeball and focuses on the retina, which is called myopia. Except for "pseudomyopia" caused by ciliary muscle spasm, myopia is irreversible, and even leads to blindness in severe cases. There is no safe and effective way to restore it. In other words, myopia can only be "corrected" but not "cured". At present, the treatment methods of myopia mainly include local drugs, optical glasses, orthokeratology, surgery and so on. The basic principle is to change the refraction path of light or delay the growth of axial length to control the progress of myopia, but it cannot reverse the structural changes of myopia that have already occurred. Therefore, the only thing you can do after myopia is to delay the deepening of the degree. 2065438+On March 26th, 2009, the National Health and Wellness Commission and other six departments jointly issued the Notice on Further Standardizing the Work of Myopia Correction for Children and Adolescents and Strengthening Supervision, clearly stating that misleading statements such as "rehabilitation" and "myopia cure" should not be used in the propaganda of myopia correction.
10, rumor: when a liquefied gas cylinder catches fire, the fire must be put out before the valve is closed.
Gossip content: A fire training video about whether to put out the fire or turn off the valve first after the gas catches fire has been "on fire" on the Internet. The training video of "Insider" claims that after the liquefied gas cylinder catches fire, put out the fire first and then close the valve.
Truth: Closing the valve first when the gas bottle is on fire will lead to the explosion of the gas bottle, which is lack of fire control knowledge. First of all, closing the valve cannot produce negative pressure. Gas cylinders usually contain liquefied petroleum gas. When domestic LPG cylinders are used normally, their pressure is much higher than atmospheric pressure. When the valve is closed, the pressure in the cylinder will not decrease to form "tempering". Secondly, after the valve of liquefied gas cylinder is closed, in some cases, the flame will burn back along the hose to the closed valve, and the combustible in the tube will burn out and the combustion will stop. Tempering can't bring fire into the gas cylinder. However, it should be noted that if the liquefied gas cylinder burns horizontally to the ground, the cylinder is easily heated by the flame. After reaching a certain temperature, the liquefied gas in the bottle expands when heated, and the bottle body is prone to physical explosion. Therefore, it is forbidden to put down the gas bottle.
(sorted by first stroke)
The above contents were scientifically checked by Fan Zhihong, an associate professor in the Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science, China Agricultural University; Tang Qin, Director of Science Popularization Department of Chinese Medical Association; Kai Zhong, Deputy Director of Kexin Food and Nutrition Information Exchange Center; He Guili, Vice President of China ICT Institute; Dr. Wu, Taier Laboratory, China Xintong Institute; And Hou Longfei, Ph.D. and assistant researcher of Hefei Institute of Public Safety in Tsinghua University.