Old people with these five diseases must have regular physical examinations!
1, routine physical examination
Which items are essential in the process of physical examination for middle-aged and elderly people? Routine physical examination items generally include physical examination, functional examination and laboratory examination. Physical examination, including internal medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology and gynecology. Women are in menopause around 50 years old, with decreased estrogen levels and calcium loss. Therefore, compared with men, women are more prone to osteoporosis. Physical examination should also involve bone examination, bone density detection and so on.
Functional examination includes electrocardiogram, chest X-ray or chest low-dose CT scan, B-ultrasound (including liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, reproductive system, thyroid gland, breast, etc. ) and other imaging examinations. Middle-aged and elderly people generally have decreased visceral function, so it is necessary to master the health status of organs during physical examination. Laboratory tests include blood, urine and feces, biochemistry, immunity and genetic testing.
In the process of physical examination, middle-aged and elderly people need blood tests to understand the health status of blood; It is also necessary to test blood sugar and master the level of blood sugar. The increase of blood sugar will cause damage to nerve tissues and organs. In addition, elderly people with vascular diseases need to pay attention to the examination of blood lipids.
2. Target physical examination
In addition to the above routine physical examination items, considering the risk of other diseases caused by age factors, it can not be ignored. According to different diseases, family history, occupation and personal health status, the following physical examination items need to be added:
Elderly people with heart disease: increase carotid ultrasound, cardiac ultrasound, blood viscosity and coronary CT; Elderly patients with hypertension: ambulatory blood pressure, arterial elasticity test, OCT, etc. Can be increased; Elderly patients with chronic lung disease: increase lung function examination; Elderly patients with diabetes mellitus: postprandial blood sugar increase, insulin determination, electromyography, lower extremity blood vessel B-ultrasound, etc. Elderly people with thyroid diseases: increasing thyroid function and antibody detection.
3, physical examination interval
How often do people over 60 have physical examinations? Zhang Weijuan, director of the Health Management and Publicity Center of Zhejiang Hospital, said that the physical examination of the elderly is not as frequent as possible. In fact, many instruments in the physical examination project have radiation, and repeated testing in a short time may bring harm to the body.
Generally speaking, it is recommended that normal people keep a comprehensive physical examination once a year. We should make it clear whether the physical examination is for a healthy physique or whether the disease is stable and there is no special development in a short time. This time interval is 1 year, and there is no need to increase the frequency.
If the elderly suffer from certain diseases or have some special symptoms in their organs, it is necessary to screen a key part under the guidance of a doctor. In addition, those who need regular monitoring of taking certain drugs need the help of the attending doctor.
For example, patients taking hypolipidemic drugs should have their liver function rechecked after 1-3 months. After defining the required physical examination items, the elderly can choose the physical examination scheme according to their own needs. However, it should be noted that you must eat lightly 24 hours before the physical examination, and don't eat after 10 at night to ensure adequate sleep.
In addition, for different physical examination items, it is best to consult a doctor in advance. For example, routine urine examination requires the subjects to control the amount of drinking water within 24 hours, and these should be consulted in advance. Finally, I would like to remind you that elderly people with chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes should never stop taking medicine because of physical examination, and the medicine they should take should not be left behind. It is good for old people who take medicine to tell their doctors truthfully about their medication during physical examination.