Rhinitis must not be taken lightly. It should be treated in time to avoid serious complications, and active treatment measures should be taken when the symptoms are mild, so as not to delay the best treatment opportunity.
Acute rhinitis, also known as "cold" or "wind chill", often occurs when the human body is tired, cold, low resistance or the defense function of nasal mucosa is destroyed. More common in autumn and winter or at the turn of winter and spring. People with strong resistance can heal themselves without treatment.
Symptoms of acute rhinitis are usually divided into three stages:
1, prophase: 1-2 days or so, mostly manifested as general weakness, dry nose and nasopharynx, and dry nose.
2, acute attack period: about 2-7 days, increased nasal discharge, aggravated nasal congestion, sneezing, decreased sense of smell. The nasal cavity is full of mucus or purulent nasal mucus, which is yellow and purulent, and may be accompanied by fever, head swelling and headache.
3, recovery period: nasal congestion gradually reduced, pus decreased, and recovered after a few days.
Treatment of acute rhinitis:
1, self-therapy: stay in bed, drink plenty of water, keep warm and eat light food, which are often effective in the early stage of the disease. For those with severe symptoms, early sweating with ginger, brown sugar and scallion can alleviate symptoms and shorten the course of disease.
2, drug treatment: external use: 1% ephedrine, naphazoline nasal drops, if accompanied by headache and fever, you can take antipyretic and analgesic drugs, combined with bacterial infection, use antibiotics.
Reminder: When you have acute rhinitis, don't blow your nose forcibly, so as to avoid otitis media or sinusitis caused by the spread of inflammation, and it will also cause inflammation of the throat, trachea and lungs.
Inflammation of nasal mucosa and submucosa in chronic rhinitis is characterized by mucosal swelling and increased secretion.
The causes of chronic rhinitis are complex and varied, and the treatment methods are not the same. Therefore, when you feel uncomfortable in the nasal cavity and suspect that you have chronic rhinitis, you'd better go to a doctor for a diagnosis, get a correct diagnosis, and then carry out corresponding treatment.
Chronic rhinitis can be divided into the following types:
1, chronic simple rhinitis: developed from acute rhinitis. It is related to the secondary infection of bacteria, incomplete treatment and repeated attacks.
2, chronic hypertrophic rhinitis: there is chronic simple rhinitis, which is due to long-term chronic inflammation and congestion, leading to nasal mucosa and turbinate hyperplasia.
3. Rhinitis sicca: Its occurrence is closely related to climate and occupational factors. Long-term stimulation of nasal mucosa leads to atrophy of mucous glands, decreased secretion, dryness of mucosa and even superficial erosion.
4, atrophic rhinitis: mainly atrophy of nasal mucosa, periosteum and turbinate.
5. Drug-induced rhinitis: the result of long-term sustained action of improper nasal medication.
6. Allergic rhinitis (allergic rhinitis): It is caused by the nasal mucosa being highly sensitive to some components in the inhaled air.
The main symptoms of allergic rhinitis are sudden and recurrent nasal congestion, itchy nose, sneezing and runny nose, and often have a history of allergies. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis are similar to those of a cold, but it can occur many times within 1 day. It's perfectly normal not to have an attack. The incidence of allergic rhinitis is sometimes closely related to the season.
Perennial allergic rhinitis: generally prone to disease in winter and spring, often coexisting with other allergic diseases in the whole body. Get up every morning and have an attack, and then gradually reduce.
Seasonal allergic rhinitis: it usually occurs in the fixed season of spring and autumn, and it is easy to occur in teenagers. Symptoms can appear quickly, and the onset time varies from hours to days to weeks. Intermittent attacks are completely normal.
Treatment of chronic rhinitis;
1, treating chronic simple rhinitis.
Find out the whole or local causes, deal with them in time, and pay attention to protecting the environment and improving working conditions.
If nasal secretions are sticky, 9% normal saline can be used to wash the nasal cavity.
2. Treatment of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis
The treatment principle is to reduce the turbinate and restore the nasal ventilation function. The treatment method is basically the same as chronic simple rhinitis.
3. Treatment of atrophic rhinitis
The treatment principle is to clean nasal cavity, remove pus scab, moisten mucous membrane, prohibit vasoconstrictor and strengthen systemic treatment.
4. Treatment of rhinitis sicca
The focus of treatment is to prevent mucosal dryness. Improve environmental conditions, dustproof, cooling, ventilation, etc. Avoid high temperature, dryness and inhalation of dust and harmful substances. Therapeutic drugs include vitamin C, vitamin B2, cod liver oil, physiological saline and 5% glucose saline nasal drops.
5. Treatment of drug-induced rhinitis
The treatment of drug-induced rhinitis should be carried out under the guidance of a specialist.
6. Treatment of allergic rhinitis
Comprehensive measures such as drug therapy, immunotherapy and surgical treatment are often used in clinic, and it is best to complement the advantages of Chinese and western medicine for treatment.
Therapeutic drugs: ☆ Oral antiallergic drugs: chlorpheniramine, loratadine, cetirizine, etc. ☆ Hormone drugs for external use: beclomethasone propionate nasal spray and budesonide nasal spray should be used under the guidance of a doctor or pharmacist and should not be abused. ☆ Other external drugs: montelukast, disodium cromoglycate, levocabastine, etc.
Chinese medicine treatment: Chinese medicine believes that allergic rhinitis is mostly caused by deficiency of kidney in lung and spleen, deficiency of qi and blood stasis, and the treatment method is to replenish qi and consolidate exterior, and help yang to defend Tao.
Other treatment methods, desensitization treatment, surgical treatment, laser treatment, microwave treatment and low temperature plasma treatment.
1, strengthen physical exercise and enhance physical resistance;
2. Wash the nose with cold water gradually when taking a bath, so as to increase the cold resistance and enhance the disease resistance of the nasal mucosa;
3. Insist on nose massage. Press Xiang Ying point (at the inner corner of the nose and the bridge of the nose) on both sides of the nose with index finger and thumb for 20 ~ 30 times every day, and then gently massage the tip of the nose and the nose with a hot palm, 65,438+00 times each;
4. Get rid of the bad habit of picking your nose, and don't blow your nose hard when your nose is blocked;
5, eat less spicy food, quit smoking and limit alcohol, eat more fruits and vegetables, and keep the stool smooth;
6. Pay attention to self-protection, change clothes in time in case of climate change, avoid catching a cold in case of cold or climate change, and wear a mask when going out;
7. Always feel comfortable;
8, often rinse your mouth with light salt water to improve the immunity of the upper respiratory tract;
9, pay attention to health habits, maintain environmental hygiene;
10, try to avoid contact with known allergens;
1 1, the onset time of seasonal allergic rhinitis can be prevented 1 week in advance, or immunotherapy can be carried out with the assistance of medical staff.