1. What is a small reporter?
A: To answer what a small reporter is, we must first find out what a reporter does. Journalists are full-time staff of news agencies, newspapers, radio stations, television stations and other news organizations to interview news and write communication reports. Although some children are not full-time staff of news organizations, they have been actively learning to collect and write news since childhood, and people have given these children a glorious title-"little reporter".
Specifically, there are many kinds of small reporters. For example, some are small reporters from the school radio station, some are small reporters from the Red Scarf News Agency, some are small reporters from children's newspapers, and many are small reporters from small press groups all over the country, and so on. To sum up, although the activities of young reporters are organized in different forms, they have only one purpose: to spread information quickly and promote the progress of children and the whole society.
At present, the activities of young journalists are very active, which is an outstanding performance of contemporary children's pursuit of new knowledge and training of new talents.
2. What are the advantages of being a small reporter?
A: It is no exaggeration to say that learning to be a small reporter is very beneficial to the all-round development of children. Because learning to be a small reporter can at least improve students' ability of observation, communication, analysis and writing. These are all gifts that contemporary children should have.
Let's talk about observation first. As a young reporter, you should be sensitive and observant, otherwise, you are not an excellent young reporter. Because, if you are not sensitive, you can't catch the news, but you are not good at observing. Even if you catch the news, it is difficult to open its real value and characteristics.
Let's talk about communication skills. To be a small reporter, you must be good at interacting with people. I have to go through various scenes. If you don't dare to talk when you meet a stranger, your heart will beat nervously in the big scene, and it is impossible to complete the interview task.
Let's talk about analytical skills first. Small reporters generally know a lot of things, but if they want to write news, they must learn to quickly analyze and judge the question: What are the characteristics of the current situation? What is the most important news? How should I write this news? Wait a minute.
And writing skills. A basic requirement of writing news: you must learn to express the most important facts clearly in the simplest language. This kind of exercise is not available in other forms of composition.
In fact, a small reporter can get more exercise and gains than the above four aspects. But aren't these four aspects very important?
I am an ordinary pupil, can I be a reporter?
A: You can definitely answer: Yes!
You may not believe it when you hear it Ok, let me give you an example: 1985 September 16. * * * China Children's Daily (formerly New Youth Daily) sponsored by the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League published a notice of "Please be a little reporter of this newspaper". The notice said: "Who can be a small reporter? It is children who can write news for this newspaper. " "When your press release or photo is published in China Children's Daily, you will be called a little reporter of this newspaper and get the honorary certificate of little reporter." This tells everyone that every primary school student in the country can become a small reporter as long as he can write news and publish it, without any other restrictions. Why can't you be "ordinary"? Don't look down on yourself, take courage!
You should ask again: I know I can be a small reporter, but it is difficult to write news. What if you can't write? This is something to understand. But don't worry. As long as you master the rules of news reporting, it is not difficult to write news. If you don't believe me, please read China Youth Daily and China Children's Daily. There are many articles by young journalists on it, some of which are only one sentence, but they are important news.
Therefore, as long as you are confident and willing to work hard, you will certainly become a small reporter. How to be a small reporter, you will understand after reading this book.
4. What are the tasks of young journalists?
A: There are two main tasks for young journalists: one is to collect and write news, and the other is to reflect problems.
Let's talk about writing news first. What is the purpose of newspapers to attract small reporters? Just to strengthen information exchange. The task on the shoulders of young reporters is so important. Therefore, young journalists should pay close attention to the dynamics of their own areas, and report in time when something important happens, so that children in other places can know what is new here and get inspiration and encouragement from it.
Let me talk about reflecting the problem first. Our children's newspapers and school radio stations have the same responsibility, that is, to reflect children's voices and protect their healthy growth. This is also an important task for small reporters. Students will inevitably encounter many distressing things in their usual study and life, right? If you want to be a small reporter now, you should reflect everyone's troubles and demands to the newspaper office in time and call on relevant parties to care about the growth of children.
If you do these two jobs well, you will be an excellent little reporter.
I really want to be a young reporter, but I'm afraid I'll miss my homework. What should I do?
A: This kind of worry is understandable. Because, for a student, learning the courses prescribed by the school is the most important task. Being a small reporter is glorious, and it is also an extracurricular activity, which can't be delayed.
However, I have to say that your worry is unnecessary. Why? Because small reporters don't need to run around the country like big reporters, endless interviews and writing. As long as you report the new things happening around you in time, a small reporter can accomplish his task well. Children's news is generally short and won't take up too much of your time.
I also want to say that being a young reporter will not only delay your homework, but also help you learn it well. Why do you say that? Because learning any homework is inseparable from keen observation and accurate expression, and it is precisely keen observation and accurate expression that can exercise people best.
On this point, you will realize it when you are a small reporter for a while.
6. I just entered the second grade and don't know much about literacy. How to write news?
A: You just entered the second grade and want to be a small reporter. You are ambitious! Less literacy can be replaced by hanyu pinyin, and you can also write good news.
7. What is news?
A: To put it simply, it is a fact that has been reported recently and is very important to everyone. Its characteristic is to convey all kinds of information to people.
Why is there "news"? This is mainly because people need to know each other and what is happening in different places in order to take appropriate actions. Long before writing appeared, primitive people exchanged new information with words and symbols, which was actually the bud of news activities. With the emergence and development of writing, letter news and handwritten news began to appear. The invention and application of printing and the development of modern electronic technology have fundamentally changed the way, scope, speed and content of news dissemination, and printed news, broadcast news, TV news and electronic news have appeared one after another.
The word news has a broad sense and a narrow sense. Broadly speaking, it is the general name of news genre and news report, including news, communication, feature, investigation, comment, picture information and so on. In a narrow sense, it refers to a news genre, including short messages and telecom waiting. Of course, the nature of news is the same whether it is broad or narrow.
The news we are talking about here is mainly in a broad sense, because small reporters don't just use one form of news to write news, but need many forms.
8. What are the characteristics of news?
A: News has four basic characteristics. Next, let's talk about it in detail.
First, news reports about recent events. In other words, news must report the freshest things, not the things that have passed. For example, as soon as China launched a launch vehicle into the South Pacific, the women's volleyball team won the world championship, and the immediate report was news. If it wasn't reported immediately and it took a long time to write it, it wouldn't be news.
Second, news is a report or comment on important things. What's important? It is a common concern of people. For example, the people's congress is held or someone has developed a new drug to treat cancer. Because these are closely related to people's interests, journalists are welcome to report or comment on these things. If you write "Zhang San and Li Si had a fight today", although this is a new thing, it is not something that people generally care about, it is not important, and there is no need to report and comment. Third, news should let the facts speak for themselves. The reporter's task is to accurately, simply and completely report the important facts that have happened, so that readers or listeners can see, listen and think for themselves, instead of being relished or embellished by reporters. For example, if you sit by the TV at night and listen to the announcer reporting the persecution of blacks by the South African authorities, the announcer just tells you the truth objectively, instead of saying, "I hate the South African authorities very much. They are terrible. " Wait a minute. Why? Because facts are the most powerful.
Fourth, the purpose of news reporting is for the benefit of the motherland and the people, not the other way around. Around this central purpose, news should shoulder the heavy responsibility of influencing public opinion.
It is very important for young reporters to master the characteristics of news.
9. What is children's news?
A: This is a very good question! What I just said is mainly news written by big reporters, and the news written by small reporters is not exactly the same as theirs. This is a problem that we should pay attention to.
There is no doubt that young journalists should concentrate on writing children's news. But it must be clear that children's news is also news. What is news mentioned above and its four characteristics also apply to children's news. Of course, it is not enough to explain children's news only with these basic definitions. We need to understand the characteristics of children's news itself.
What is children's news? It is news for children, and its main content is to report things about children. Please pay special attention to the word "for children", which is the main feature that distinguishes children's news from general news.
10. What are the characteristics of children's news?
A: Children's news is news written for children. This statement tells us two principles: first, children's news should follow the laws of general news; Second, children's news must take care of children's characteristics.
First of all, in the choice of news content, children's news should mainly choose those facts that are closely related to children. Of course, this does not mean that children's news can only report children's affairs, but also introduce adults' affairs to children. However, children's news must pay attention to children's affairs. For small reporters, nature mainly writes about new things that happen among children.
Secondly, in the choice of news forms, we should pay attention to those forms that are suitable for children's psychology and knowledge level, so that young readers can like them. For example, reporting world events (also called current affairs reports), China Youth Daily adopts the form of "PHS" radio, and China Children's Daily adopts the form of "Sun Xiao travels around the world", all of which are welcomed by children.
Third, in the use of news language, we should use children's own language instead of imitating adults' words. What are the advantages of children's language? Easy to understand, simple, natural and vivid. Small reporters should give full play to their advantages and learn to write children's news in children's language.
These three points are the most important features of children's news.
1 1. What is the main content of writing children's news?
A: In school, family and society, many new things happen every day. What do you choose to write? This is a very important question. It can be said that the success or failure of journalists' news gathering depends largely on the choice of subject matter and content. I try to list the following three aspects for your reference:
First, pay attention to choosing new people and new things that appear among children. New people and new things are the most remarkable signs of social development. Grasping this kind of content is easier to inspire and inspire readers. As far as children's news is concerned, it has always been included in the most important content. Therefore, the eyes of small reporters should first focus on new people and new things.
Second, pay attention to the things that children are most concerned about and interested in. Because children's news is for children to watch or listen to, it must reflect the wishes of children. Many times, children are not interested in things that adults care about and are interested in, or their interest is not as high as that of adults; Similarly, what children are interested in may not be of interest to adults at all. What should we do or should we write according to children's tastes? Only in this way can we write real children's news.
Third, pay attention to reflect the distress and demands of children. Speaking for children is an important principle of children's news, and it is also the sacred duty of small reporters. Small reporters can also make various suggestions to the newspaper according to the problems found.
Work hard in these three aspects, and you will feel what children's news is. At the same time, we will also find that small reporters can do a lot.
12. Does the news have to be new?
A: News, as you tell us from its name, must be new. Without the word "new", it is not news.
Why, you ask? This is determined by the task of news, which is to convey all kinds of latest news to people. Because the main purpose of people reading news is to quickly understand the latest events and changes in the world. If you write old news instead of news, who will read it?
Freshness can be said to be one of the most important factors of news value. Specifically, this new concept includes two meanings: first, the speed of reporting should be fast; Second, the content you choose should be innovative.
Let's talk about the speed of reporting. Quickness or timeliness is also an important aspect of "newness", and its specific requirement is to report things as soon as possible after they happen. When you watch TV at night, you must have paid attention to the program News Network, right? The "news broadcast" usually ends in half an hour. At one time, the program had started for more than 10 minutes. The latest news from South Korea sent by CCTV shows that China athletes have made some outstanding achievements in the second Asian Games, which is broadcast immediately. What's the hurry? It is to report the latest news to people as quickly as possible, so as to realize and improve the value of news. If we wait until the next night, it will be old news. Because you didn't broadcast it right away, all the newspapers published it the next day. When people knew the news, they wouldn't be interested in listening to you.
Let's talk about the new content of choice first. This is also the most important aspect of "new". Because it is not enough to report quickly, the content of the report must be fresh. For example, in August 1986, 1 1, China Children's Daily published a story about seven little dumb people in Tianjin who could talk after treatment. Just looking at the topic "Little Dumb Talk" is very attractive. Why? Too fresh! You see, people often think that dumb people can't talk, but now there are talking dumb people. Isn't that strange?
From the analysis of the above two examples, we can draw a clear conclusion: news can only be new but not old, and the reason why news is new is that it must be fast and fresh. Only such news can be welcomed by readers; Only a journalist who can write such news is a real journalist.
13. Does news have to describe people and stories?
A: Yes. Truth is the life of news. At this point, there can be no ambiguity.
You can think about it, why do people read newspapers and listen to the radio? Why do people trust journalists? Because journalists can report all kinds of latest and truest news to thousands of families through newspapers and radio. If people find out that this reporter is lying and spreading rumors, who will believe this reporter? Never.
There is a famous saying in the press that "all passengers are empty". It comes from the famous play Frontline by Soviet writer Korneichuk. In the play, the screenwriter successfully created the image of a journalist named Krikon during the Soviet Patriotic War. This reporter often fabricates facts. He could see with his own eyes that General Gorlov was in tears on the phone, and he vividly wrote this into the news. Since then, Clickon has become synonymous with all journalists who write false reports. Our little reporter must not be a "guest in the air"
Some people say that today's news is tomorrow's history. Journalists are people who write history. This shows the seriousness of journalism. Therefore, many journalists regard upholding the truth of news as a sacred principle. Our young journalists, as beginners, should also inherit this good tradition.
14. How can the news be true?
A: Sometimes I write fake news, not because the reporter is interested, but because I am partial to listening and believing. Therefore, to make the news true, we really need to pay attention to some methods.
First, news must have "six elements", namely: what? Who is involved in this matter? When and where did this happen? Why is this happening? How did this happen? Wait a minute.
Every "element" needs to be clearly interviewed by reporters. For example, it happened last year, no matter how beautiful and touching it is, it can never be said that it happened this year. For another example, reporting a team activity, in fact, team members don't like this activity. Although the reporter felt very good, the players couldn't say how happy they were. Otherwise, it is easy to write fake news.
Second, you can't just listen to one person when interviewing news, you should find more people. No matter how good a person's memory is, he won't remember everything. It is very unsafe to write a press release if you only listen to one person during the interview. Because, in case he (she) is wrong, won't you be wrong? In addition, he (she) thinks it is right, and other small partners may not think it is right. It is one-sided for you to take his (her) opinion as everyone's.
Third, after you finish writing the press release, you should give it to the parties for review and ask the relevant teachers or counselors of the school to have a look. Sometimes, although what you write is true, excessive publicity does not conform to the principle of true news. If you show it to the parties and teachers, it is easy to avoid this problem. Of course, the most important thing is not others, but you, the young reporter. As long as you are responsible and patient, you can make the news true.
15. What are the important news for children?
A: Any news reported to children that is important to the healthy growth of children is important news for children.
There are many important children's news. Here, we only list the following five aspects:
First, the party and the state care about children. For example, Grandpa Deng Xiaoping wrote an inscription for China Youth Daily: "I hope all children in the country will be people with ideals, morality, ability and discipline ..." Grandma Deng also attended the National Young Pioneers Congress and delivered a speech, putting forward the hope of "setting up creative aspirations, carrying out creative activities and cultivating creative talents". All these represent the expectations of the party and the country for children, and should be made known to children all over the country in time.
Two, the national Young Pioneers activities or various activities related to children. For example, the China Young Eagle Campaign, the National Top Ten Young Pioneers Selection, the National Youth Science and Technology Invention Competition, and the Calligraphy Football Competition. These are all things that children are generally concerned about.
Third, emerging child role models, including children who have won awards at home and abroad, represent the mental outlook of contemporary children, and their introduction will inspire children.
Fourth, the creative experience in the activities of the Young Pioneers. For example, the "striving to be a new fashion little red flower" activity initiated by Tianjin and the "automation team" initiated by Shanghai. It was quickly reported and promoted the work of the Young Pioneers throughout the country.
Fifth, a letter of guidance on some common problems. For example, the letter calling for reducing the learning burden of primary school students "Save the children", the letter calling for solving the children's extracurricular activities "Give us back the Children's Palace", and the letter advising children to stop participating in the deceptive "national exchange game" and so on. This is directly related to protecting the healthy growth of children, and it is also very important news.
What's the difference between news and composition?
A: According to people's habits, writing news and composition are collectively called writing articles, but there is a big difference between them. Writing mostly refers to students practicing writing, while news refers to reports on recent important facts.
There are many differences between news and composition. Here are four points:
First, the selection criteria are different.
News writing can only choose recent fresh and important facts as material. The choice of materials for composition writing is much wider. It can choose an old thing that has happened for a long time but is hard to forget, choose a person with characteristics and express his feelings by writing a tree or a flower. Generally speaking, these are not suitable for news material.
Second, the concept of prescription is different.
Paying attention to timeliness is an absolutely indispensable condition for news, even the first condition. However, time is not important for writing. In many news, not only the date of a certain year, a certain month and a certain day should be indicated, but also when and where. The composition only needs to indicate the approximate time, such as "this autumn" or "this autumn". The key is to write down the characteristics of specific time.
Third, the structure is different.
Composition writing pays great attention to structure, requiring "phoenix head, pig belly and leopard tail", paying attention to transition and so on. News needs an inverted pyramid structure. In recent years, "one sentence news" and "headline news" often appear in annual reports. These extremely short news have almost no structure, but they are still good news when written. This explains the difference between news and composition.
Fourth, feelings are expressed in different ways.
The composition is literary, which can fully express the author's thoughts and feelings, vividly show his inner world, and even mobilize various rhetorical devices such as exaggeration to set off the atmosphere, giving people a deep impression. News writing, on the other hand, requires reporters to speak with facts, which cannot be exaggerated or belittled, and must be accurate in every word. Of course, this does not mean that writing news does not need feelings, but emphasizes that writing news should pay attention to writing facts so that readers can be inspired by objective facts. Some news that excites readers is based on facts.
You got it? It is suggested that you listen to the news broadcast program in the morning or evening of writing class, and pay attention to the comparison, so that you can understand the difference between news and composition more specifically.
17. I want to be a young reporter. Can I study journalism instead of composition?
A: This idea is wrong. Because, although there are many differences between news writing and composition writing, composition writing is the basis of all article writing. Without this foundation, it is difficult for you to write good news.
You can think about it, what are the requirements for a Chinese teacher to speak a composition? Generally speaking, the theme is clear, the narrative is vivid, the vocabulary is rich, the language is accurate and the details are appropriate. These requirements are completely suitable for news writing.
News with vague topics is not good news. My vocabulary is poor, and I can't explain the ins and outs of things for a long time, let alone good news. A very important reason why newspapers can't publish many small reporters' contributions is that their writing level is low and things are unclear, which makes some news articles that could have been published become a pile of waste paper, which is a great pity.
Perhaps, some students were in a hurry and asked, "Do I have to wait until my composition level is high before I can be a small reporter?" Actually, it doesn't have to be like this. Learning to write news is helpful to learn composition well; Learning composition well can also promote you to write good news. Therefore, both composition and news should be carefully studied in order to become a real little reporter.
18. Was the article published in China Youth Daily and China Children's Daily?
A: No, these two national Young Pioneers team newspapers are comprehensive newspapers. It not only reflects the life of young pioneers in school, but also introduces a lot of popular science knowledge; Not only to guide students to learn, but also to publish literary and artistic works and so on. Among them, only a part of the contents and current affairs news that reflect children's lives are news, usually on the 1 version.
So, is the news all on the 1 page? You can't say that absolutely. For example, the "Haha Jing" column of China Children's Daily and the "Little Hedgehog" column of China Youth Daily are all in the 1 edition. They are all satirical sketches, not news. The editor arranges this in order to make the layout lively, interesting and targeted.
How to distinguish news from other articles? The most important thing is to see: whether the recent fresh and important facts have been reported quickly, if so, it is news; If not, it's not news.
19. I heard that journalists should be well-informed and not well-informed. What should I do?
A: Being a reporter really needs to be well informed, because the news surname "new" is not "old". People read newspapers to get some new news, especially some news that they don't know easily. If you, as a reporter, get new news slower than others, and the newspaper is full of old news, who wants to read it? Therefore, since you want to be a reporter, you must turn people who are not well-informed into well-informed people.
How can I be well informed?
First of all, young journalists should form the good habit of reading newspapers and listening to the radio. Newspapers, radio stations, television stations and other propaganda tools report many important news to the public every day, and these contents are often major events at home and abroad.
Of course, since young journalists mainly write children's news, they should read more children's newspapers, such as China Youth Daily and China Children's Daily. These newspapers usually publish the latest news about the party's requirements for the development activities of children and young pioneers in a timely manner. You often read newspapers. If you know more things, you will be well informed.
Second, young journalists should keep abreast of the development of the school, including the development of the school district. What is dynamic? Is what happened recently and will happen, and how these things will develop. Reading newspapers often will inspire you a lot, but what inspires you is the news written by others. If you want to write good news, you must master the dynamics around you. How to master? You can visit the counselors, principals and the leaders of the Youth League Committee or the Youth Working Committee in this area. They will tell you some latest news.
Third, young journalists should enthusiastically participate in various meaningful activities and become bosom friends of their classmates. Everyone is willing to play with you and tell you the truth, which is an important condition for you to write a good news. On the contrary, if you think you are a young reporter and are too proud to care about anyone, your classmates will stay away from you and not tell you the truth. In this way, you can't write a news report that truly reflects everyone's thoughts and feelings. I don't know what secrets there are between my classmates, so the news naturally won't work. Therefore, young journalists must become good friends with their classmates.
I believe that if you do these three things, you will become a well-informed person.
20. I know a lot, but I have nothing to ask people what to do when I go to the interview.
A: I'm afraid it's not that I have nothing to say, but that I don't know what to ask and how to ask others. If not, why did you interview?
Here is the focus on the preparation before the interview.
Journalists must be prepared before each interview. The more prepared they are, the greater their chances of success in the interview.
First of all, you should find out what characteristics the story of the interviewee has and what is the focus of your report. For example, when interviewing an excellent young pioneer, you can't interview all aspects of him (her) in detail, but choose the most outstanding point of his (her) deeds, or focus on it and interview other deeds briefly. After mastering the characteristics of the interviewee's deeds, you must also understand what it means to publicize the characteristics of the Young Pioneers. Or is it more inspiring and inspiring for young pioneers to subdivide it? Grasping this point, you grasp the focus of the interview.
Secondly, you need to master some basic information, that is, materials about the interviewee. For example, if the interviewee is a small inventor, you should know clearly what he or she invented. What is the value of this invention? What prize did you win? What is his (her) experience? Why did you make this invention? Wait a minute. In addition, the students want to know what the little inventor wants, and also want to know clearly.
Thirdly, you can learn about the personality and hobbies of the interviewee and find out some topics he or she is interested in. In this interview, he (she) will feel that you understand him (her) and will be willing to tell you the truth, which is very important.
You might as well try. If you are prepared before the interview, you will have many questions to ask the interviewer. There is nothing to ask, except that there is nothing to prepare before the interview.
2 1. I got ready for the interview and came to the interviewee, but he was too nervous to speak. What should I do?
A: There is such a situation. Let's analyze the reasons together.
In the eyes of most students, the image of journalists is sacred. Whoever the reporter interviews is likely to put his story in the newspaper and let people all over the country and even the world know it. I said, can a primary school student not be nervous when interviewed by a reporter for the first time?
In addition, if your question is straightforward or abstract, the interviewee will be nervous if he doesn't know how to answer it. For example, when interviewing a classmate who made a mistake, ask at the beginning, "What bad things have you done?" It is difficult for him (her) to talk. Because most people are afraid that others will expose their shortcomings. As soon as you meet, they will expose the shortcomings of others. In addition to being nervous, people will feel disgusted and even antagonistic to you, which will make your interview impossible.
What should I do?
When interviewing anyone, the first thing to do is to gain the trust and goodwill of the other party. If you can't do this, it will be difficult for you to interview the most valuable materials. Because these materials are in the interviewee's heart, he is locked, the key is in his hand, and it is up to him to open or lock. His decision is often made according to the attitude of the reporter.
Therefore, when interviewing, a young reporter must talk to the interviewee like a confidant. You should respect him (her), care about him (her) and understand him (her). As mentioned above, students who make mistakes in the interview should be more enthusiastic and careful, and never hurt his or her self-esteem again. You can ask him or her what he or she likes to do first. How are the students in the class? Wait, let his (her) mood stabilize slowly, and then talk about the main things. Of course, if we talk about the main points, we should also be friendly. For example, don't ask "What bad things have you done?" You can say, "I heard you made a mistake. We are really worried about you. You are a good student. How did this happen? " There must be some reason, you name it, we all help you. "You say so, he (she) won't be nervous.
22. I went to interview a man and asked him to the east. He said to the west. What should I do?
A: This answer is irrelevant.