Provisions on the use of labor protection articles
(1) Basic requirements
1. Users shall establish and improve the management system for the purchase, acceptance, storage, distribution, use, replacement and scrapping of labor protection articles; And should be in accordance with the requirements of the use of labor protection articles, before the use of its protective function to carry out the necessary inspection.
2. Users shall purchase special labor protection articles from designated business units or production enterprises. The purchased labor protection articles must be accepted by the safety technical department of the unit.
3. If the employer fails to provide the necessary labor protection articles for the workers according to the provisions of the state, it shall be violated.
4. Units that use labor protection articles (hereinafter referred to as using units) shall provide workers with labor protection articles that meet the requirements of the state free of charge.
Users are not allowed to use money or other items to replace the labor protection articles that should be equipped.
5. The employing unit shall, in accordance with the provisions and protection requirements of labor protection articles, educate workers to use labor protection articles correctly.
(2) Precautions
1. Precautions for equipping special labor protection articles
The state implements a safety production license system for special labor protection articles. The special labor protection articles purchased, equipped and used by the employer must have the safety production license, product certificate and safety appraisal certificate.
The employing unit shall establish and improve the management system for the procurement, acceptance, storage, distribution, use, replacement and scrapping of labor protection articles. The security department shall accept labor protection articles.
2. Personnel engaged in various operations are equipped with labor protection articles.
Anyone who engages in a variety of operations or works in a variety of working environments should be equipped with labor protection articles according to the type of work and working environment of his main operations. If the equipped labor protection articles are really unsuitable for other jobs or other working environments, other necessary labor protection articles should be allocated or borrowed, but the service life can be appropriately extended.
3. Service life of seat belts
After the seat belt has been used for two years, it should be sampled and checked according to the situation of bulk buyers. If qualified, these safety belts can continue to be used. For the sampled tape, the safety rope must be replaced before it can be used again. If the rope is used frequently, it should be checked frequently. If any abnormality is found, a new rope should be replaced immediately. The service life of the belt is 3 ~ 5 years.
4. Precautions for anti-static shoes and anti-static work clothes
(1) GB12014—89 "Anti-static work clothes" stipulates that anti-static clothes must be worn with anti-static shoes specified in GB 4385.
(2) Due to repeated washing, the anti-static performance of anti-static overalls will be reduced, so the service life set by enterprises with high environmental temperature, high labor intensity and frequent washing times should be shortened appropriately.
(3) In the process of wearing antistatic shoes, a resistance test should be conducted every 200 hours. If the shoes are unqualified, they can't be used any more.
5. Make the service life of insulated shoes and gloves.
Electrical insulating shoes include: electrical insulating leather shoes, cloth rubber shoes, rubber rubber shoes and plastic shoes. Each unit can make a reasonable use period according to the different labor intensity and working environment. But we should pay attention to the following points: first, when it is stored for more than 18 months from the factory date, it is necessary to carry out preventive inspection of electrical performance one by one; Second, the place where the bottom of the upper is corroded and damaged can no longer be used as an electrical insulating shoe; Third, the electrical performance test should be conducted at least once every six months. If it is unqualified, it can't be used again.
The service life of insulating gloves can be determined by each unit according to the frequency of use, but it must be required to carry out self-inspection of blowing before each use, and to do electrical performance test at least once every six months. If it is unqualified, it can't be used again.
6. Matters needing attention when equipped with hearing protectors
Hearing protectors include noise-proof earplugs, noise-proof earmuffs and noise-proof helmets. Generally speaking, the anti-noise helmet has the best anti-noise effect, which can not only block the air conduction noise, but also reduce the damage of bone conduction noise to the ear. It should be used in strong noise environment, and the anti-noise performance of earmuffs is the second, and the anti-noise effect of earplugs is the worst. In the frequency band of 1000 ~ 2000 Hz, the general sound attenuation value is only 10 ~ 20 dB.
Specification requirements for the use of labor protection articles
First, the helmet
On the construction site, workers wear helmets mainly to protect their heads from injury. Under the following circumstances, it can protect people's head from injury or reduce the degree of head injury.
(1) When flying or falling objects hit the head;
(2) When the operator falls from a height of more than 2m;
(3) when the head is likely to get an electric shock;
(4) When walking or working at a low position, the head may collide with a sharp and hard object.
The wearing of safety helmet should conform to the standard, and the use should conform to the regulations. If it is not properly worn and used, it will not play a full protective role. In general, the following items should be noted:
(1) Before wearing the helmet, adjust the adjusting belt behind the helmet to a proper position according to its head shape, and then fasten the elastic belt inside the helmet. The tightness of the cushion is adjusted by the belt, and the vertical distance between the head of a person and the top of the cap body is generally between 25 and 50 mm, at least not less than 32 mm Only in this way can the cap body have enough space to cushion when it is impacted, which is also beneficial to the ventilation between the head and the cap body at ordinary times.
(2) Don't wear the helmet askew and the brim behind your head. Otherwise, the protective effect of safety helmet on impact will be reduced.
(3) Under the helmet, the lacing must be buckled under the jaw and fastened properly. In this way, it will not be blown off by strong winds, nor will it be knocked off by other obstacles, and the helmet will not fall off because of the head swinging back and forth.
(4) At the top of the helmet body, besides the cap lining installed inside the helmet body, there are also some holes for ventilation. But when using, don't open holes for ventilation. Because doing so will reduce the strength of the cap body.
(5) With the use, the safety helmet will be gradually damaged. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check whether there are cracks, depressions, cracks and wear. If any abnormal phenomenon is found, it should be replaced immediately, and it is not allowed to continue using it. Any helmet cracked by violent impact, whether damaged or not, should be scrapped.
(6) It is strictly forbidden to use a helmet with only the mandibular band connected to the cap shell, that is, a helmet without a buffer layer in the cap.
(7) Construction personnel are not allowed to take off the safety helmet when working on site, and the safety helmet is not allowed to be put aside or used as a cushion.
(8) Because most safety helmets are made of high-density and low-pressure polyethylene plastic, they have the characteristics of hardening and falling off. So it is not easy to be exposed to the sun for a long time.
(9) For the new helmet, first check whether there is a production certificate and product certificate approved by the labor department, and then see if there is any damage, uneven thickness, and whether the buffer layer, adjusting belt and elastic belt are complete and effective. Do not meet the requirements of immediate replacement.
(10) Wear a safety helmet when working indoors, especially when there is electricity, because the safety helmet can not only prevent collision, but also play an insulating role.
(1 1) When using the safety helmet at ordinary times, it should be kept clean and tidy, and it is forbidden to touch the fire source. Don't draw at will, and don't sit as a stool to prevent it from being lost. If it is lost or damaged, it must be reissued or replaced immediately. No one is allowed to enter the construction site without a helmet.
Second, seat belts.
On the construction site, there are many aerial work and overlapping work. In order to prevent the operator from falling at a certain height and position, the operator must fasten his seat belt when climbing and working high above the ground. The use and maintenance of seat belts have the following requirements:
(1) We must attach importance to the role of seat belts ideologically. Numerous examples have proved that seat belts are "life-saving belts". However, there are also a few people who think that it is troublesome to fasten your seat belt and it is inconvenient to walk up and down, especially some coolies and temporary jobs. They think that "it is time to fasten your seat belt." As we all know, the accident happened in an instant, so the safety belt must be fastened as required for aerial work.
(2) Before using the seat belt, check whether the rope is deteriorated, whether the snap ring is cracked and whether the snap spring is in good condition.
(3) When working high above the ground, if there is no fixed suspension place for the safety belt, wire rope with appropriate strength or other methods should be adopted. It is forbidden to hang the seat belt on moving or sharp or unstable objects.
(4) Hang high and use low. The seat belt is hung high, and those who work below are called high hanging and low using. This is a relatively safe and reasonable method of failing science. It can reduce the actual impact distance when falling. On the contrary, it is to hang low and use high. Is that the seat belt is fastened and people are working on it. This is a very unsafe way of binding, because when falling happens, the actual impact distance will increase, and people and ropes will be subjected to great impact load. Therefore, the seat belt must be hung high and used low, and it is forbidden to hang low and use high.
(5) The seat belt should be fastened to a solid part or object to prevent swinging or collision. The rope should not be knotted, and the hook should be hung on the connecting ring.
(6) The protective sleeve of the safety belt rope should be kept intact to prevent the rope from being worn. If it is found that the protective sleeve is damaged or falls off, a new protective sleeve must be added before use.
(7) It is forbidden to extend the seat belt without authorization. If a long rope of 3m or more is used, a buffer must be added, and all components shall not be removed at will.
(8) Check whether all parts of the seat belt are in good condition before use. Pay attention to the maintenance and storage of seat belts after use. Always check the sewing part and hook part of the seat belt, and carefully check whether the stranded wire is broken or damaged.
(9) When the seat belt is not used, it shall be properly kept, and it shall not be exposed to high temperature, open flame, strong acid, strong alkali or sharp objects, and shall not be stored in a damp warehouse.
(10) Seat belts shall be sampled once after two years of use. If it is used frequently, it should be checked frequently. If any abnormality is found, it must be replaced immediately. Seat belts used in regular or sampling tests are not allowed to be used again.
Third, protective clothing.
Workers on the construction site should wear work clothes. Welders' work clothes are generally white, and other types of work clothes have no color restrictions. Protective clothing includes the following categories: (1) full-body protective work clothes; (2) Anti-virus work clothes; (3) acid-resistant work clothes; (4) fire protection work clothes; (5) thermal insulation work clothes; (6) Ventilation and cooling work clothes; (7) cooling the work clothes with water; (8) Radiation protection work clothes; (9) labor insurance raincoat; (10) Ordinary work clothes.
At the construction site, the requirements for operators to wear protective clothing are:
(1) Operators must wear work clothes when working;
(2) When operating the rotating machinery, the cuffs must be fastened;
(3) Personnel engaged in special operations must wear protective clothing for special operations;
(4) The welder's work clothes should be made of white canvas.
Fourth, protective glasses.
Particles and fragments of matter, sparks and heat flow, dazzling light and smoke can all cause harm to eyes. Therefore, it is necessary to choose and use protective glasses according to the different protected objects.
(1) There are three kinds of eye protection glasses that can prevent blows:
① Hard glass goggles; (2) Bonded glass goggles (broken when impact or impact breaks, and do not splash); ③ Steel mesh goggles. They can prevent metal fragments or fragments, dust, stone fragments and concrete fragments from entering the eyes. Metal cutting operation, concrete chiseling operation, hand-held grinding machine operation, etc. Suitable for wearing this kind of flat goggles.
(2) Anti-ultraviolet goggles and anti-radiation masks against ultraviolet light. The radiation protection mask used in welding should be made of non-conductive materials, and the observation window, filter and protective sheet should be the same size and seamless. Goggles are mixed colors, preferably blue, green and gray.
(3) Harmful liquid goggles are simple and easy to operate, and are mainly used to prevent eye injuries caused by dangerous injections such as acid and alkali, chemicals and other liquids. Ordinary glass is used for general lenses, and nonmetallic corrosion-resistant materials are used for frames.
(4) Add a certain amount of lead glass goggles made of metal lead surface into the glass of the lens, mainly to prevent X-rays from hurting the eyes.
(5) Protective glasses that are dust-proof, smoke-proof, and resistant to all kinds of toxic gases with slight toxicity or weak irritation must be sealed, covered without air holes, and in close contact with the face. The frames should be acid-resistant and alkali-resistant.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) protective shoes
There are many kinds of protective shoes, including leather safety shoes, anti-static rubber soled shoes, rubber surface anti-smashing safety shoes, insulating leather shoes, low-voltage insulating rubber shoes, acid and alkali resistant leather shoes, acid and alkali resistant plastic molded shoes, high-temperature protective shoes, puncture resistant shoes, welding protective shoes, etc. It should be used according to different workplaces and contents. Insulating boots (shoes), welding protective shoes, acid and alkali resistant rubber boots and leather safety shoes are commonly used in power construction site.
The requirements for insulated shoes are:
(1) must be used within the specified voltage range;
(2) The rubber parts of insulated shoes (boots) are undamaged, and preventive tests shall be conducted once every six months;
(3) It shall not be used as an auxiliary safety appliance under the conditions of immersion, oil, acid and alkali.
Six, protective gloves
Most of the work people do on construction sites is done by hand. This determines that hands are often in danger. The opponent's safety protection mainly depends on gloves. When using protective gloves, it is necessary to analyze the workpiece, equipment and operation, and choose gloves with suitable materials and convenient operation to play a protective role. But for work that needs fine tuning. Wearing protective gloves is not convenient for operation, especially for operators who use drilling machines, milling machines and conveyors and those who are in danger of being caught. If gloves are used, they are in danger of being entangled or pinched by machinery. Therefore, it is forbidden to use protective gloves for personnel engaged in these operations.
Protective gloves commonly used in the construction site are as follows:
(1) labor gloves. It has the function of protecting hands and arms, and operators usually use this kind of gloves when working.
(2) Insulating gloves for live working. Select suitable gloves according to voltage, and check whether there are cracks, stickiness, brittleness and other defects on the surface. If there is any abnormality, it is forbidden to use it.
(3) acid alkali resistant gloves. Gloves are mainly used for contact with acid and alkali.
(4) Rubber oil-resistant gloves. Gloves are mainly used to contact mineral oil, vegetable oil and cellulite in various rescue operations.
(5) welder's gloves. During operation, check whether the protective gloves worn by electric and fire welders and the surface of leather or canvas are stiff, thin files, holes and other incomplete phenomena. If it is defective, it is not allowed to be used. Gloves should be of sufficient length and wrists should not be exposed.
Selection principle and use method of labor protection articles
1. Selection principle
(1) According to national standards, industry standards or local standards.
(2) Selection should be made according to the production environment, labor intensity, the existing form, nature, concentration (or intensity) of harmful factors exposed to production posts and the protective performance of protective articles.
(3) It is comfortable and convenient to wear and does not affect the work.
2. Ask the employer to issue.
(1) According to the occupational hazards in the workplace and the degree of hazards, and according to the labor protection articles standards for typical jobs in the National Occupational Classification Catalogue stipulated in the Labor Protection Articles Standards (Trial) promulgated by the State Economic and Trade Commission in 2000, provide employees with protective articles that meet the national regulations free of charge. Don't use money or other items instead of protective equipment that should be equipped.
(2) Purchase special labor protection articles from designated business units or production enterprises. Protective equipment must have "three certificates", that is, production license, product certificate and safety appraisal certificate. The purchased protective articles must be accepted by the safety management department of the unit. According to the use requirements of protective equipment, the protective function should be checked before use.
(3) According to the use rules and protection requirements of protective equipment, educate employees to achieve "three meetings": they will check the reliability of protective equipment; Will use protective equipment correctly; Will correctly maintain protective equipment and conduct supervision and inspection.
(4) In accordance with the requirements of the product manual, timely replace and discard expired protective articles.
(5) Establish and improve the management system and use files for the purchase, acceptance, storage, distribution, use, replacement and scrapping of protective articles, and earnestly implement and conduct necessary supervision and inspection.
3. The correct use of labor protection articles
(1) Before use, make a visual inspection to determine the protective effect of the articles on harmful factors, whether there is any defect or damage in appearance, whether the parts are tightly assembled and whether they are flexible to start.
(2) Use labor protection articles correctly in strict accordance with the instruction manual;
(3) Use the protective equipment within the performance range, and do not use it beyond the scope; Do not use products that are not designated by the state, are not recognized by the monitoring department or do not meet the standard requirements after testing; It can't be replaced casually, and it can't be shoddy.