1. Earthquake risk: Osaka is located in the Japan earthquake zone, with high earthquake risk. This means that when an earthquake occurs, buildings and infrastructure may be damaged, posing a threat to the safety of residents and tourists.
2. Air pollution: Osaka is an industrial city, and factories and traffic bring a lot of tail gas and pollutants. This leads to the decline of air quality, which has a negative impact on residents and environmental health.
3. High housing prices: Osaka is one of Japan's economic centers, and fierce competition in the real estate market leads to high housing prices. This makes the cost of buying or renting a house higher, which brings economic pressure to residents and new immigrants.
4. Traffic congestion: Osaka is a densely populated city with widespread traffic congestion. Especially in rush hours and downtown areas, road congestion is serious, which affects travel efficiency.
5. Unreasonable urban planning: Osaka's urban planning is relatively old, with narrow and crowded roads and dense buildings in some blocks. This has restricted the expansion and development of the city, and also affected the overall image and living environment of the city.