A, prevention, treatment, nursing, environment B, patients, health, society, nursing C, people, environment, health, prevention D, people, environment, health, nursing E, patients, prevention, treatment and nursing.
Analysis: Modern nursing mainly describes four concepts: people, environment, health and nursing, which are the four basic concepts of nursing.
2. The following statement about adaptive characteristics is incorrect (D)
A, there are limits to adaptation. B, adaptation itself is also stressful. C, the more sudden the stressor comes, the more difficult it is for individuals to adapt. D, in the face of stressors, the body can only make one level of adaptation. E. Adaptation is a feature that distinguishes living organisms from inanimate objects.
Analysis: there is a certain limit to adaptation, for example, people can't endure cold and heat indefinitely. So option a is correct. Adaptation itself is stressful. For example, patients with colon cancer need to install artificial anus after colectomy. This treatment means that the body adapts to the stressor of colon cancer, but this adaptation itself will bring another stressor to patients, that is, patients should learn how to care for artificial anus. So adaptation itself is also stressful. So option b is also correct. Time is also closely related to adaptation. The more sudden the stressor comes, the more difficult it is for individuals to adapt. On the contrary, the more time, the more likely individuals are to mobilize more coping resources to resist stressors and adapt better. For example, acute bleeding is more likely to cause shock than chronic blood loss, and the families of patients who died after a long illness are more likely to adapt to the grief of losing their loved ones than those who died unexpectedly. So option c is also correct. In the face of stressors, the body will adapt at multiple levels, including physiological level, psychological level, social and cultural level and knowledge and technology level, not just one level. So option d is wrong. Adaptation is one of the characteristics that distinguish living things from non-living things, and it is the most basic characteristic that any living thing can survive and develop in the environment, so option E is correct. So the answer to this question is D.
3. Which of the following communication methods is not nonverbal communication?
A, facial expression B, gesture C, body movement D, body posture E, health education materials
Analysis: Non-verbal communication refers to communication without language. Therefore, facial expressions, gestures, body movements and body postures all belong to nonverbal communication. Language communication refers to communication with language, which can take different forms, such as written language and spoken language. Health education materials are communicated in written language, which belongs to language communication, so the correct answer to this question is E.
4, the following does not belong to the nursing diagnosis is (a)
A, potential complications: bleeding B, high fever C, injury risk C, dizziness D, constipation E, lack of knowledge: lack of family nursing knowledge of coronary heart disease.
Analysis: "Potential complication: bleeding" is a cooperative problem or potential complication, which should be solved by doctors and nurses together, not by nurses independently, so it does not belong to nursing diagnosis. Options B, D and E belong to the existing nursing diagnosis, and C belongs to the potential nursing diagnosis.
5, the reasonable ward environment is (a)
A, the baby room temperature should be 22-24℃ B, indoor relative humidity should be 30%-40% C, tetanus patients, indoor light should be bright d, delivery room should keep warm e, tracheotomy patients, indoor relative humidity is 40%.
Analysis: The general ward temperature is 18-22℃. The room temperature of the nursery should be slightly higher, with 22-24℃ as appropriate; The relative humidity of the ward is 50%-60%, and too low humidity is unfavorable for tracheotomy. Tetanus patients should avoid all kinds of stimuli, such as light and sound, so as not to cause convulsions, so the light should be dim. Proper ventilation is needed during maternity leave to keep the air fresh.
6, coma patients from the emergency room was sent to the ward, the nurse on duty should first (b)
A, fill in all kinds of cards b, notify doctors, cooperate with rescue, measure vital signs c, ask medical history, evaluate the onset process d, notify the nutrition room, prepare meals e, and introduce the hospital environment.
Analysis: The condition of critically ill patients changes rapidly, so they should be closely monitored and prepared to cooperate with the rescue.
7, nurses to assist patients to move to the flatbed, the order is (D)
A, upper body, lower body, buttocks B, buttocks, upper body, lower body C, buttocks, lower limbs, upper body D, upper body, buttocks, lower body E, lower limbs, buttocks and upper body
Analysis: It is beneficial to the safety and protection of patients to adopt the moving order of upper body, buttocks and lower body.
8. The purpose of using pillow supine position for patients who are not awake under general anesthesia is (C).
A, it is beneficial to venous return b, prevent intracranial pressure from dropping c, prevent vomit from flowing into trachea d, relieve wound pain e and reduce local bleeding.
Analysis: Patients may vomit after general anesthesia. Using the supine position without pillow can make the glottis higher than the esophageal entrance and prevent vomit from flowing into the trachea and causing suffocation.
9, the following options do not belong to the constraint belt should be observed project is (e)
A, whether the pad is well padded; B, whether the restraint belt is firm; C. Whether the posture is comfortable; D, local skin color and temperature; E, whether the mind is clear.
Analysis: Good cushioning can reduce the discomfort caused by restraint by keeping the constrained limbs in functional position. Checking whether the restraint belt is firm can increase safety. Observing the color and temperature of local skin can help us know the blood circulation of the patient's constrained part in time. Avoid local blood circulation disorder caused by restraint band.
10, the following does not belong to the thermal sterilization method is (d)
A, pressure steam sterilization method B, combustion method C, boiling method D, ultraviolet lamp tube disinfection method E, dry baking method
Analysis: Five options belong to physical disinfection and sterilization, and thermal disinfection and sterilization belong to physical disinfection and sterilization. A, B, C and E all achieve the sterilization effect mainly through the action of heat, while the ultraviolet lamp disinfection method belongs to the light disinfection method in the physical method, and mainly relies on the action of ultraviolet rays to achieve the sterilization effect.
1 1, and the time required for disinfection by sunlight irradiation is (c)
a、2h B、4h C、6h D、8h E、 10h
Analysis: Generally, it takes 6 hours for sunlight to achieve disinfection effect, but it is too short to achieve disinfection effect, so it is unnecessary to take too long.
12, can be used to soak metal equipment efficient disinfectant is (b)
A, 0.2% peracetic acid B, 25 glutaraldehyde C, 0.5% iodophor D, 3% bleaching solution E and 70% ethanol.
Analysis: Glutaraldehyde is an efficient disinfectant, which can be used to disinfect metal instruments. Option a peracetic acid is also an efficient disinfectant, but it is corrosive to metals; Options C and E belong to Zhongxiao Yu disinfectant; Option D has corrosive and bleaching effects on metals and is not suitable for soaking metal instruments.
13, the correct usage of sterile holding forceps is (b)
You can take any sterile items. B, operating room and outpatient dressing room should be disinfected once a day. C, when taking items in the distance, use sterile holding pliers to return quickly. D, when taking sterile holding forceps, the end of the forceps does not need to be closed. E, pliers end up, don't cross the sterile area.
Analysis: Scheme B conforms to the principle of aseptic operation, and the operating room and outpatient dressing room that often use sterile holding forceps should be disinfected once a day. Option A is wrong, because sterile holding forceps can't hold moist sterile articles such as oil gauze or alcohol cotton balls. Option c is wrong, because you have to take a bubble clamp bucket when you grab something in the distance. Options d and e do not meet the basic requirements of aseptic operation. When picking up and placing the sterile holding forceps, the forceps end should be closed, and the forceps end must be downward when using.
14, infectious areas belong to semi-polluted areas (b)
A, warehouse B, ward aisle C, doctor's duty room D, tea room E, dressing room
Analysis: According to the isolation system, the isolation zone can be divided into clean zone, semi-isolation zone and isolation zone. Clean area refers to the area not polluted by pathogenic microorganisms, such as options A, C, D and E, which belong to clean area; Semi-polluted areas refer to all areas that may be invaded by pathogenic microorganisms. For example, if the answer is B, there may be patients walking in the corridor of the ward; Contaminated areas refer to areas that come into contact with patients and are invaded by pathogenic microorganisms, such as wards and toilets.
15, oral care for coma patients, the following statement is correct (c)
First, assist the patient to gargle; B, clean all sides of the mouth and teeth from the inside out; C, clamp the cotton ball with a vascular clamp, and the cotton ball has suitable dry humidity; D, when using the mouth opener, put E from the front teeth; Removable dentures can be soaked in water at 70℃ for later use.
16, the relationship between the following positions and the prone parts of bedsores is incorrect (C)
A, supine-sacrococcygeal B, lateral position-hip C, prone position-medial malleolus D, sitting position-ischial tubercle E, lateral position-acromion
Resolution: option c is incorrect. The prone sites are forehead, mandible, acromion, anterior superior iliac spine, anterior knee and toes. When lying on your side, the medial malleolus is prone. All other options are correct.
17. For the following description of body temperature, the correct option is (e).
A, people who have been engaged in night work for a long time, their body temperature is generally the highest at 2-8 pm within 24 hours. B, the body temperature of the elderly tends to decline, and the body temperature of the elderly will be lower. C, women's body temperature decreased slightly during premenstrual period. D, the baby's body temperature is relatively stable. E, women's body temperature is slightly higher than that of men.
Analysis: Option E is correct. Option a is correct. Workers who have been engaged in night work for a long time have higher body temperature at night, lower body temperature during the day, and generally the highest body temperature in the morning; Option b is wrong. Because of the low metabolic rate, the body temperature of the elderly tends to decrease, but it will increase by about 0.6℃. Option c is wrong, and women's body temperature rises slightly from ovulation to menstruation; Option d is wrong. Because of the imperfect thermoregulation function, the baby's body temperature is unstable.
18, for patients with short pulse, the correct way to measure heart rate and pulse rate is (c).
A, first measure heart rate, then pulse rate B, first measure pulse rate, then measure heart rate C, one person measures heart rate, another person measures pulse rate and 1min D at the same time, one person measures heart rate and pulse rate, another person reports to doctor E, one person issues a password and the other person measures heart rate and pulse rate.
Analysis: option c is correct. Two nurses measured the heart rate and pulse rate respectively, and the nurse who measured the heart rate measured the time, and both of them measured 1 min at the same time.
19, respiratory manifestations of patients with metabolic acidosis are (a)
A, deep and regular breathing b, shallow breathing c, cicada breathing d, breathing and apnea appear alternately e, inhalation and exhalation are laborious.
Analysis: Option A is correct. Patients with metabolic acidosis breathe deeply, which is long and regular. Option b is seen in dying patients, which is a kind of superficial and irregular breathing, sometimes sighing; Option d, also known as intermittent breathing, is common in patients with intracranial lesions or respiratory center failure; Option e belongs to mixed dyspnea, which is common in patients with lung infection.
20. When inserting a gastric tube for a comatose patient, when inserting the gastric tube into the cannula, the patient's head should be lifted, with the purpose of (d).
A, relieve patients' pain B, avoid damaging esophageal mucosa C, avoid patients' nausea D, increase laryngeal radian E, relax laryngeal muscles and facilitate insertion.
Analysis: Because the swallowing and coughing reflex of coma patients disappears, it can increase the curvature of pharyngeal passage from the anatomical structure, facilitate the gastric tube to slide along the back wall, and avoid entering the trachea by mistake, thus improving the success rate of intubation.
2 1, patients with hepatic coma should be given (b)
A, low-salt diet B, low-protein diet C, high-calorie diet D, salt-free low-sodium diet E, low-fat diet
Analysis: Reducing the protein in patients' diet can reduce the ammonia produced after protein's digestion and absorption, and avoid the situation that ammonia in patients' bodies can't be discharged, which will aggravate their illness.
22, the following patients can use hot water sitz bath is (B)
A, patients with vaginal bleeding B, patients with perineal congestion C, patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease D, pregnant women with 8 months of pregnancy E, patients with menorrhagia.
Analysis: Hot water bath is often used for postoperative, perineal and anal diseases to eliminate or alleviate congestion, inflammation, edema and pain. Female patients should not take a bath during menstruation, late pregnancy, within 2 weeks after delivery, vaginal bleeding and acute pelvic inflammatory disease to avoid infection.
23, cold therapy's mechanism of controlling the spread of inflammation is, (b).
A, enhance leukocyte phagocytosis function b, reduce bacterial activity c, improve local immune function d, reduce nerve excitability e and dissolve necrotic tissue.
Analysis: cold therapy can constrict local capillaries, slow down blood flow, reduce cell metabolism and microbial activity, thus limiting the spread of inflammation.
24, oliguria refers to less than 24 hours of urine, (d)
A, 50ml of b,100ml of c, 200ml of d, 400ml of e,1000ml.
Analysis: Oliguria refers to less than 400 ml of urine in 24 hours or less than 17 ml of urine per hour. If the 24-hour urine volume is less than 100 ml, it is anuria.
25. The urine smells of rotten apples. (E)
A, hepatic coma B, urinary tract infection C, obstructive cholangitis D, organophosphorus pesticide poisoning E, diabetic ketoacidosis
Analysis: When diabetic ketoacidosis occurs, urine smells like rotten apples because it contains acetone.
26, liver coma patients banned enema solution is, (b)
A, isotonic saline B, soapy water C, physiological saline D, sodium bicarbonate solution E and warm water
Analysis: Soap water enema is forbidden in patients with hepatic coma to reduce the production and absorption of ammonia.
27, the following description about the abnormal characteristics of feces, wrong, (b)
A, upper gastrointestinal bleeding is tar stool B, when bile duct is completely blocked, the stool is soy sauce color C, indigestion stool is sour smell D, the stool of intussusception patient is jam-like stool E, and the stool of dysentery patient is mucus bloody stool.
Analysis: Tarty stool appeared when upper gastrointestinal bleeding; When the bile duct is completely blocked, the feces are clay-colored; The feces are sour and smelly, which is seen in indigestion; Jam-like stool occurs during amebic dysentery or intussusception; Mucous blood can be seen in patients with dysentery.
28, unfavorable for a large number of patients do not keep enema, (c)
A, patients before colonoscopy B, patients before abdominal surgery C, patients with acute abdomen D, patients with high fever E, habitual constipation.
Analysis: The purpose of massive unreserved enema is to relieve constipation; Prepare for surgery, examination or delivery; Cooling for patients with high fever. Therefore, answers A, B, D and E are indications for a large number of enemas. Patients with acute abdomen, gastrointestinal bleeding, pregnancy, and severe cardiovascular disease are forbidden to have a large number of enemas.
29, about the principle of drug storage, the following statement is correct, (D)
A, medicine cabinet should be placed in a sunny place, to ensure bright light; B, medicine cabinet should be transparent and clean; C, drug name should be written in Chinese, indicating the concentration and dosage, clear handwriting; D, toxic and narcotic drugs should be locked custody, managed by special personnel, and handover; E, drugs with vague labels should be carefully checked.
Analysis: The medicine cabinet should avoid direct sunlight and should not be transparent to prevent the medicine from deteriorating when exposed to light; Application of Chinese and English drug names: drugs with vague labels should not be used.
30. Among the following medication methods, the incorrect one is, (a)
A. take digestive medicine before meals. B. don't drink tea when taking iron. C. drink plenty of water after taking antiperspirants. Avoid contact with teeth when taking acid. E. Patients who take medicine by nasal feeding should insert a gastric tube and rinse with warm water after washing.
Analysis: Digestive drugs should be taken after meals, so that the drugs and food can be mixed evenly, which is beneficial to food digestion.
3 1, when taking the following drugs, the pulse or heart rate must be measured routinely, (b)
A, barbital sodium, diazepam b, digitalis, quinidine c, propranolol, verapamil d, prednisone, e, promethazine, chlorpromazine.
Analysis: The pulse rate (heart rate) and rhythm should be measured before taking cardiac glycoside. If the pulse rate is lower than 60 beats/min or the rhythm is abnormal, stop taking it and report to the doctor.
32, the following does not belong to the working characteristics of ultrasonic atomizer is, (e)
A, the droplets are small and uniform, and the diameter is below 5μm; B, liquid medicine can be inhaled into terminal bronchoalveoli with breathing; D, the atomized liquid is warm and comfortable; E, the fog amount can be adjusted; And the oxygen consumption is small, thus saving resources.
Analysis: Ultrasonic atomizer does not need oxygen when working.
33, long-term intramuscular injection patients, nurses should pay special attention to before injection, (a)
A, evaluate the local tissue state of the patient; b, the needle stem can't penetrate completely; c, ask the patient if he has allergic history; d, carefully disinfect the local skin of the patient to make the patient feel comfortable.
Analysis: In patients with long-term intramuscular injection, induration will appear in local tissues, which will affect the absorption of drugs. Therefore, special attention should be paid to evaluating and changing the injection site during injection.
34, the following statement about infusion is incorrect, (d)
A, need long-term infusion generally starts from the distal vein; B, when a large amount of infusion is needed, generally choose a larger vein C, adjust the slow speed D when injecting dopamine, and replace the infusion tube E every 12 hours when taking turns for 24 hours continuously; When extubating the external jugular vein, pressurize the puncture point for several minutes to prevent air from entering.
Analysis: the infusion tube should be replaced every 24 hours for 24-hour continuous infusion, so the description of option D is incorrect and the other options are correct.
35. 1500ml liquid, delivered at 8: 30 in the morning, the number of drops is about 75 drops/minute. The delivery time is (C) A, 12: 30 b, 1: 00 c, 1: 30 d, 2: 00 e and 3: 00pm.
Analysis: calculation formula: total amount (ml) × 15 (drops/ml) ÷ dropping speed (drops/minute) = 1500× 15÷75 = 300 minutes, so it takes 5 hours to lose all the liquids. Lose at 8 am and end at 1: 30 pm.
36, acute pulmonary edema, humidification bottle alcohol concentration is, (b)
a、 10%-20% B、20%-30% C、30%-50% D、50%-70% E、70%-90%
Analysis: When patients with acute pulmonary edema take oxygen, the alcohol concentration in the humidification bottle is 20-30%.
37, common causes of fever caused by infusion include, (e)
A, too much liquid input; B, infusion pressure is too high; C, infusion time is too long; D, inputting allergic substance e; And a heating substance is input.
Analysis: The occurrence of fever reaction is mainly due to the input of pyrogen, such as pyrogen and dead bacteria. , impure drug ingredients, infusion set pollution, etc. It is not directly related to infusion time, infusion volume and infusion pressure, but the direct cause of allergic reaction is the infusion of allergic substances.
38, the most serious blood transfusion reaction is, (C)
A, air embolism B, allergic reaction C, hemolytic reaction D, circulatory overload E, sodium citrate poisoning
Analysis: Hemolytic reaction is the most serious reaction in a series of blood transfusion reactions, with acute renal failure in the later stage and rapid death.
39, stock blood can be stored in the refrigerator at 4℃, (b)
A, 1-2 weeks b, 2-3 weeks c, 3-5 weeks d, 5-6 weeks e, 7-8 weeks.
Analysis: The stored blood can be stored in the refrigerator at 1-6℃ for 2-3 weeks.
40, about the preparation work before blood transfusion, the following description is wrong, (b)
First, it is forbidden to collect blood samples from two people at the same time. B, it must be checked by two people. C, unclear blood can't be used. D, the blood should be placed at room temperature for 20 minutes before inputting E, and the plasma should be gently shaken in a rotating motion before blood transfusion.
Analysis: Before blood collection and blood transfusion, nurses should strictly check three to eight pairs: after blood is taken out, it should not be heated to avoid coagulation and denaturation of plasma protein, and it can be placed at room temperature 15-20 minutes before input; If it can't be input within 30 minutes, it should be put in the refrigerator for refrigeration (2-4℃); Do not shake violently before blood transfusion, or shake upside down to avoid damaging red blood cells. You can rotate it and shake it gently. The upper plasma of normal bank blood is yellow, and the lower blood cells are red. The boundary between the two is clear, indicating that the blood has deteriorated and cannot be imported. Collecting blood samples from two people at the same time is easy to cause confusion.
4 1, When should the blood samples of biochemical tests be collected? (a)
A, fasting in the morning b, half an hour before meals c, half an hour after meals d, and e before going to bed. There is no time limit.
Analysis: Biochemical samples should be collected on an empty stomach in the morning, so as not to affect the test results due to eating.
42. It belongs to the state of functional activity disorder of higher nerve center, mainly excitability, (D).
A, lethargy B, confusion C, lethargy D, delirium E, coma
Analysis: Consciousness disorder is a mental state in which the higher nerve center of the brain is dysfunctional and individuals lack normal response to external environmental stimuli. Consciousness disorders can generally be divided into drowsiness, confusion, lethargy and coma, which are manifested as clinical manifestations of brain function inhibition. At the same time, consciousness disorder can also appear clinical manifestations of enhanced response to stimuli, such as fantasy, auditory hallucination, agitation, etc., that is, delirium.
43, the indication of oxygen to patients, generally should be based on arterial oxygen partial pressure below (B).
A, 7.6 kPa B, 6.6 kPa C, 5.6 kPa D, 4.6 kPa E, 3.6 kPa
Analysis: The oxygen consumption of brain accounts for 1/5 of the whole body oxygen consumption, and the tolerance of brain tissue to hypoxia is very poor. Under normal circumstances, the arterial oxygen partial pressure is 10.6- 13.3kPa, and the symptoms of central nervous system appear earliest when hypoxia occurs, pao 2.
44, nasal catheter oxygen method is the correct operation, (c)
A, clean the patient's nostrils with a dry cotton swab before oxygen supply; B, the catheter insertion length from the tip of the nose to the earlobe is1/2c; D, after adjusting the oxygen flow, insert the nasal catheter when stopping oxygen supply; E, oxygen cylinders should be placed 0.5m away from the heating.
Analysis: When supplying oxygen, clean the nostrils with a wet cotton swab, connect the nasal catheter, open the flow regulating valve, and adjust the required oxygen flow after ensuring the smooth outflow of oxygen. Dip the nasal catheter in water and insert it from one nasal cavity to the tip of the nose to 2/3 of the length of the earlobe. When stopping oxygen, pull out the nasal catheter first, then turn off the main switch, and then turn off the flow regulating valve when there is no residual gas. Pay attention to four points when using oxygen, the oxygen cylinder should be at least 5 meters away from the furnace, and the heating should be 1 meter.
45, the following is not in conformity with the sputum suction nursing operation, (E)
First, before intubation, check whether the catheter is unobstructed; B, before sputum aspiration, the oxygen flow should be increased for those with severe hypoxia; C, each sputum suction time should not exceed 65438 05 seconds d; When the sputum is sticky, a small amount of normal saline should be added to dilute E; Moreover, the sputum aspiration catheter should be replaced 1-2 times a day.
Analysis: The sputum aspirator in the treatment tray should be replaced 1-2 times a day, and the sputum aspirator should be replaced after each use.
46, gastric lavage, a gastric juice infusion should not exceed (e).
A, 100 ml b, 200 ml c, 300 ml d, 400 ml e, 500 ml.
Analysis: The flow rate of gastric lavage fluid is 300-500 ml at a time. If it is too much, the stomach volume will increase, which will increase the internal pressure of the stomach, lead to acute gastric dilatation, stimulate the vagus nerve and cause reflex cardiac arrest. At the same time, poisons are quickly discharged into the intestine, which increases the absorption of poisons. In addition, too much liquid can also cause reflux, leading to suffocation, aspiration or suffocation.
47, the implementation of artificial respiration before the main nursing measures are, (c)
A. Place the patient in a place with fresh air; B, closely observe the fluctuation of the patient's chest; C, removing secretions and vomit in the oral cavity; D, take off the removable denture, open the oral cavity e with an opener, take the patient's lateral position, and loosen the neckline.
Analysis: Before artificial respiration, put the patient on his back, tilt his head to one side, remove nasal and oral secretions and vomit to prevent foreign bodies from blocking the respiratory tract.
48, the clinical manifestations of dying patients are, (D)
A, respiratory arrest B, cardiac arrest C, reflex disappearance D, respiratory failure E, dilated pupils.
Analysis: The function of the central nervous system above the brain stem of dying patients is in a state of inhibition, and most of them have circulatory and respiratory failure. It is characterized by shortness of breath, Abby Chen breathing, irregular pulse, fast and weak pulse, and decreased or undetectable blood pressure.
49, belong to the long-term standby doctor's advice, (D)
A, primary health care B, X-ray film C, ophthalmology consultation D, oxygen inhalation prn E, postprandial blood sugar
Analysis: Option A is a long-term doctor's order, that is, from the time when the doctor opens the doctor's order to the time when the doctor stops it; Option b is a temporary doctor's order, which is valid within 24 hours and generally only executed once. Some temporary medical orders have time limits, such as consultation and surgical X-ray. , and some need to be executed immediately, such as ST; Option c also belongs to the temporary doctor's advice; Option d belongs to the long-term standby doctor's advice, so option d is correct; Option e is a temporary medical order.
50, patients with acute massive myocardial infarction should be given (A)
A, special care B, primary care C, secondary care D, tertiary care E, home care
Analysis: Patients with acute large-scale myocardial infarction are in critical condition and need to be observed and rescued at any time, so option A is correct; Scheme b is suitable for critically ill patients who need absolute bed rest; Option C is suitable for patients with serious illness and unable to take care of themselves, such as patients with stable condition after operation, the elderly and the weak, and those who are not suitable for chronic diseases; Option d is suitable for mild patients who can basically take care of themselves, such as patients with general chronic diseases, recovery period and preoperative preparation period; Option E is not a member of the hospital's graded nursing, and it is mainly suitable for patients returning home in convalescence, but obviously not suitable for patients with acute large-scale myocardial infarction.