It can be seen that "protective measures and how to deal with sharp instrument injuries" are the key evaluation contents of occupational protection. Next, this article will focus on answering these questions around the standard.
Q 1: What's the harm of sharp instrument injury?
Sharp instrument injury refers to an accident in which the skin is stabbed and cut by sharp instruments such as needles, surgical instruments, glass products, medical instruments and equipment, medical waste, etc., which leads to the danger of being infected by pathogenic microorganisms. Because the most basic and common clinical nursing work of nurses includes various operations such as injection and infusion, sharp instrument injury is the most common occupational injury of clinical nurses and the most important occupational factor leading to blood-borne diseases of nurses. At present, it has been proved that more than 20 kinds of pathogens can be transmitted through sharp injuries, such as HBV, hepatitis C virus and HIV. In clinical work, especially nursing interns, who are new to the front line, are not skilled in many jobs and are prone to sharp injuries, and their understanding of sharp injuries is relatively weak. Therefore, in department management, more training should be given to new nursing staff.
Q2: How to avoid sharp injuries?
According to some surveys, the main causes of sharp instrument injuries are weak self-protection awareness, unfamiliar operation skills and inadequate occupational protection. Therefore, in practical work:
1) First, firmly establish a sense of protection and ideologically avoid sharp injuries.
Improve the awareness of preventing sharp injuries and treat each needle as an infected needle. In the training of departments, pay attention to the training of self-protection related knowledge and reporting process, and issue relevant protection manuals for regular assessment; At the same time, in daily work, department head nurses, ward head nurses or shift nurses should pay more attention to the inspection and supervision of ward work; Pay more attention to whether the nurses in the ward operate in a safe way. If there is any dangerous operation, case analysis should be made and opinions should be put forward.
2) At the same time, the occurrence of sharp injuries is technically avoided.
For nurses who are not skilled in clinical work, any operation should be carried out under the guidance of teachers, and independent operation should be carried out after passing the examination; Don't aim at yourself or others; When sucking out the liquid medicine, strictly use sterile needles. Be sure to put on the needle cap with one hand after smoking. It is forbidden to put the needle cap back on the used needle. When using the sharps box correctly, the used sharps should be directly put into the stab-proof and leak-proof sharps box, and the sharps box should not exceed 3/4 of the total volume. Gloves must be worn: gloves must be worn for any operation that comes into contact with blood and body fluids (such as blood drawing and puncture), and double gloves must be worn when the skin of hands is damaged.
Q3: What if there is an accident?
People who have an accident should keep calm, don't panic and take safety measures as soon as possible;
If gloves are worn, take off the gloves immediately according to the specifications (hold the edge of the contaminated surface of the other glove with the gloved hand and take off the gloves; Take off gloves with gloved hands, clean the edge of the surface (inner surface) with gloved hands, and take off gloves; Hold the inside of gloves by hand and throw them into the waste container).
Wound treatment: Squeeze blood from the far end of the wound, rinse it with soap solution, rinse it repeatedly under tap water for several minutes, and soak it locally in 75% ethanol or iodophor for 5 minutes. (If it is a special department, we should pay attention to the preventive measures against specific viruses. )
Fill in the registration form of sharp instrument injury and report it to the person in charge, prevention and health care department and hospital infection management department.
Evaluate sharp instrument injury, carry out relevant serological examination and carry out necessary treatment, such as serum HBsAg, HIV, etc. If you are stabbed by a needle infected with HIV, you must take preventive drugs within 4 hours and no later than 24 hours; If it is hepatitis B, inject hepatitis B high titer immunoglobulin immediately, and inject hepatitis B vaccine at the same position on the other side, and inject it three times according to the immunization program of 0, 1 and 6 months. Pay attention to double the vaccine dose according to the first dose.