Xinjiang cotton is famous for its long wool, high quality and high yield. The soil and climate conditions are different from those in other places, and the maximum light can reach 18 hours.
When New China was founded, the cotton output in Xinjiang was 5100t, accounting for only 1. 1% of the national total output (444,000t). The weak cotton production base in Xinjiang is the "Xinjiang miracle" process for China People's Liberation Army to put into production in Xinjiang (Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps).
After the stages of cultivating improved varieties, popularizing in Xinjiang and improving technology, the cotton planting area has increased rapidly, the total output and output per unit area have been continuously optimized, and the economic benefits have been improved year by year, benefiting many cotton farmers. In 2020/202 1 year, the cotton production in Xinjiang was 5.2 million tons, accounting for 87% of domestic production and 67% of domestic consumption.
In 20021year, Xinjiang concentrated cotton planting areas in cotton planting counties, while cotton planting areas such as sub-optimal cotton areas, low-yield cotton areas and fruit-cotton intercropping areas in the whole region withdrew from more than 300,000 mu, and the cotton planting area in the whole region (including Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps) was 37 1.8 million mu.
Ancient situation
Xinjiang cotton originated in South Asia and was called "Northern Hebei" in ancient times. According to records, the Eastern Han Dynasty was introduced to China and Xinjiang. 1959, a large number of fabrics were unearthed in the tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty excavated in the desert in northern Minfeng County, among which cotton trousers and cotton handkerchiefs were found. 1964, in the tombs of gaochang period in Astana, the Contract of Borrowing Cotton Fabric in the First Year of Peace (A.D. 150) was also found.
In the archaeological excavations in Xinjiang, there are also some discoveries about cotton and cottonseed. For example, cottonseed from the Tang Dynasty was found in bachu county's tomb in Kashgar. Compared with Turpan in eastern Xinjiang and southern Xinjiang, cotton planting in northern Xinjiang is relatively late. According to the Records of Xinjiang Agriculture, cotton was planted near Huocheng County in present-day Yili Prefecture in Yuan Dynasty, which is the earliest record of cotton planting in northern Xinjiang.
Cultivate improved varieties:
The first long-staple cotton planting center in China —— Institute of Agricultural Sciences, formerly known as Shajingzi Agricultural Experimental Field established by No.1 Agricultural Division of Xinjiang Corps 1953.
Through a large number of backcross and compound hybridization, the institute strengthened the selection of offspring and provided a batch of disease-resistant raw materials for long-staple cotton breeding. 1998 obtained some materials with good disease resistance, which reached the leading level in China. This is also the earliest long-staple cotton variety resistant to Fusarium wilt in China.