DOI: 10. 10 16/j . cmet . 20 17.0 1.008
Obesity and high-fat diet can lead to harmful activation of immune system and increase the risk of heart disease. Researchers from Queen Mary University in London recently published their findings in the international academic journal Cell Metabolism.
Previous studies have found that obesity can lead to an increase in blood pressure and cholesterol levels, which are both risk factors for heart disease. Now, researchers believe that obesity can also trigger an immune response and increase the risk of heart attack. These findings may help to develop new therapies to reduce the risk of heart disease by targeting inflammation.
In this study, there were 1 172 blood samples from normal people, overweight and obese people. The researchers found that obese individuals have higher levels of T cells in their blood. By measuring the fat distribution of the same population, they also found that people with more fat in the middle of the body have more T cells than those with more fat in the thighs and lower body.
T cell is an important cell type in the process of immune response, which can protect the body from infection. But these cells can also cause inflammation and aggravate some cardiovascular diseases. For example, T cells can promote the accumulation of fatty plaques in arteries in atherosclerotic diseases, which may lead to heart attacks or strokes.
2 terrible! An unhealthy diet may cause more than 400,000 people to die of cardiovascular diseases!
Source: Unhealthy diet is related to more than 400,000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases.
Recently, at the American Heart Association Epidemiology and Prevention/Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Metabolic Health Branch held in 20 17, researchers from the University of Washington said through research that only in 20 15, lack of healthy diet or intake of a large number of unhealthy foods may be directly related to the occurrence of more than 400,000 kinds of heart and vascular diseases.
Researchers point out that eating high-level heart-healthy foods, or eating less salt and trans fats, can save thousands of American lives every year. Researcher Professor Ashkan Afshin said that the low intake level of healthy foods, including nuts, vegetables, whole grains and fruits, and the high intake level of unhealthy dietary ingredients, including salt and trans fats, may be the main causes of cardiovascular death in the United States.
In this study, researchers conducted new research and analysis on global disease burden, physical injury and risk factors. The results show that nearly half of cardiovascular deaths in the United States can be prevented by improving diet; The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of diet affecting cardiovascular disease. The research relies on the national health and nutrition survey data of the United States 1990-20 12, and the relevant food supply data comes from the FAO and other sources.
Science: An unhealthy diet may endanger future generations.
Original report: Your poor diet may hurt your grandson's intestines.
Now there are new reasons to persuade you to eat vegetables. Hundreds of billions of microorganisms in human intestines use cellulose in vegetables as a source of nutrition and provide us with energy. If the intake of cellulose drops, a large number of bacteria will not survive. Nowadays, a study has found that the microbial diversity in the intestines of several generations of mice has become less and less with the spread of generations. This also has some implications for our human eating habits, and may also explain why people in western developed countries are prone to immune diseases and obesity.
From hunting and gathering to early farming, the daily intake of cellulose is three to four times that of today. This gap is particularly obvious in the United States. The researchers pointed out that the microbial diversity in developed countries is 30% less than that in developing countries, which is probably caused by insufficient cellulose intake.
This new study confirms this statement at the mouse level. Professor Sonnenburg and his colleagues cultivated mice in a sterile environment, and then fed them with human feces to colonize human intestinal microorganisms in their intestines. When animals were fed low-cellulose feed, the microbial diversity in the intestine decreased significantly (60%). After that, these mice mate and breed offspring mice. The results show that there are no microorganisms in the intestines of their offspring mice! The author explained that this is because the number of microorganisms in the intestines of parents is already very low and cannot be passed on to their offspring through childbirth and breastfeeding.
4 unhealthy diet during pregnancy can easily lead to ADHD in children.
News reading: unhealthy diet during premature delivery may be related to ADHD
A new study found that a high-fat and high-sugar diet during pregnancy may be related to ADHD in children.
In Britain, children's early behavioral problems (such as lying and aggression) and inattention or hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the main reasons for children's mental health. These two kinds of disorders often occur in tandem (more than 40% of children with behavioral disorders are accompanied by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), which is related to the pain or malnutrition experienced by prenatal mothers.
Participants in this new study are from "children in the 1990s". The research shows that compared with 8 1 children with fewer behavioral problems, 83 children have early sexual problems. The researchers evaluated how maternal nutrition affects the epigenetic changes (or DNA methylation) of IGF22-2 22-2, which is associated with fetal development and brain development areas-cerebellum and hippocampus-involving inattention. It is worth noting that during World War II in the Netherlands, the DNA methylation of IGF2 was found in pregnant women, and these mothers suffered from hunger during this period.
Cell 5 stands for: It's terrible! Will a high-sugar diet shorten life expectancy?
doi: 10. 10 16/j . celrep . 20 16. 12.029
Recently, researchers from University College London and other institutions found that fruit flies with a history of high-sugar diet may have a shorter life span, and the results will not change even after improving the diet of fruit flies. This may be because unhealthy diet can drive the long-term reprogramming effect of gene expression in Drosophila. Related research was published in the international journal Cell Report.
In this paper, the researchers found that giving a high-sugar diet in the early life of Drosophila can inhibit the activity of a gene called FOXO, thus inducing long-term effects. FOXO gene is very important for the longevity of many types of organisms, including yeast, fruit flies, nematodes and humans, so researchers believe that this research discovery has broad significance.
Researcher Dr. Adam Dobson said that eating history has a long-term impact on health. Now we have clarified one of the mechanisms. We think that the gene reprogramming of Drosophila caused by high-sugar diet may also occur in other animals, but we don't know whether this phenomenon also exists in humans, but there are various indications that this phenomenon will also occur in humans.
6Genome Med: the mother's high-fat diet during pregnancy or the microflora that may affect the baby's intestines.
doi: 10. 1 186/s 13073-0 16-0330-z
The mother's diet during pregnancy will affect the microbial community-the microbial community "resides" in the baby's intestine; Recently, researchers at Baylor Medical College found that the intestinal microflora of children born to pregnant women who ate a high-fat diet during pregnancy was significantly different from that of children born to pregnant women who did not eat a high-fat diet. Related research was published in the international journal Genome Medicine. This study is very important because intestinal microflora can affect the development of infant's immune system and its ability to get energy from food.
Researcher Professor Kjersti Aagaard said that in previous studies, we found that the milk secreted by non-human primates who ate a high-fat diet during pregnancy would affect the intestinal microflora of their offspring for one year, and we wanted to find the answer by studying humans; Subsequently, the researchers studied a representative group of pregnant women in the United States, who asked 157 mothers to answer a series of questions in the questionnaire. Previously, researchers confirmed that the fast food questionnaire is helpful to effectively identify women's diet types during pregnancy.
7 High-fat diet leads to brain "hunger"
The Max Planck Institute for Metabolism in Germany issued a communique on the 28th, saying that the latest research found that a high-fat diet would affect the brains of experimental mice, making them "hungry" because they could not get enough glucose, and long-term consumption might lead to diabetes.
The researchers found that after being fed with high-fat food, the glucose transporter GLUT 1 at the blood-brain barrier of experimental rats decreased rapidly, and the brain was short of sugar, especially in the hypothalamus, which controls metabolism, and the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for learning and memory.
The brain lacking energy will respond to this: vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF begins to promote the formation of GLUT 1, and directly releases GLUT 1 at the blood-brain barrier, thus better transporting glucose to the brain.
A high-salt or high-sugar diet will make you suffer from high blood pressure quickly.
News reading: the sweetness and saltiness you eat will quickly lower your blood pressure.
Edible fructose is a kind of fruit-derived sugar, which exists in many sugary drinks and processed foods. In the United States and around the world, eating fructose is related to many epidemics, such as diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and hypertension. Recently, a new study found that Americans' diet is rich in fructose, which can prompt individuals to develop salt-sensitive hypertension quickly.
"Most American adults consume 10% or more of the total calories from added sugar," said Dr. Kevin Gaudiche. Because drinks are the most common source of added sugar in the American diet, the researchers conducted an experiment to divide mice into two groups. In the first group, rats were fed drinking water containing 20% fructose to simulate excessive drinking of human soft drinks. In the second group, rats were fed boiled water for two weeks except food. In the second week, the mice in the first group added extra salt to their diet.
"The first group of rats introduced a specific combination of fructose and high salt during the second week, which led to a rapid increase in blood pressure and led to hypertension. Fructose-related hypertension is related to the increase of sodium retention, the decrease of sodium excretion and the decrease of factors that help to remove excess salt in the body. We have observed that fructose-related hypertension is only caused by a diet containing fructose and high salt, which is not a normal salt diet. " Gaudiche said. "A large intake of fructose in the American diet will lead to rapid salt-sensitive hypertension in normal rats. Fructose-related hypertension is definitely caused by fructose, not glucose. In addition, fructose has different degrees of harmful effects on the kidneys, but the same amount of glucose is not necessarily. "
9Nature: To reveal how a high-fat diet affects the occurrence of colon cancer in individuals.
doi: 10. 1038/nature 17 173
Recently, in a research report published in the internationally renowned magazine Nature, researchers from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in the United States revealed how a high-fat diet makes intestinal endothelial cells more susceptible to cancer. Researchers have found that obesity, high-fat and high-calorie diets are obvious risk factors for many types of cancer.
In the article, researcher Semir Beyaz pointed out that after studying mice, we found that high-fat diet can drive the proliferation of intestinal stem cells, and at the same time, it will also produce a series of other cells very similar to stem cells, that is, these cells can multiply indefinitely and differentiate into other types of cells, which are more likely to cause intestinal tumors. Previous studies have found that obese individuals are more likely to suffer from colorectal cancer, and intestinal stem cells are more likely to accumulate mutations and lead to colon cancer. These stem cells are located in the intestine and are called epithelial cells, which can produce various types of cells and form epithelial structures.
In this paper, the researchers fed healthy mice a diet containing 60% fat for 9- 12 months to investigate the relationship between intestinal stem cells and obesity-related cancer in mice. A typical American diet usually contains 20%-40% fat, while mice fed a high-fat diet can increase their body mass index by 30%-50%. At the same time, compared with mice fed with normal diet, these mice are more prone to intestinal tumors. Mice fed with high-fat diet usually show obvious changes in intestinal stem cells. Compared with mice on a normal diet, they not only have more intestinal stem cells, but also these stem cells can operate on their own.
10 cancer research: western sugar diet may increase the risk of breast cancer occurrence and metastasis.
News reading: sugar in western diet increases the risk of breast cancer tumor and metastasis
Recently, in a research report published in the international journal Cancer Research, researchers from the University of Texas at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center found that eating a lot of sugar in a typical western diet may increase the risk of breast cancer and cancer metastasis to the lungs. In this article, the researchers clarified the effect of dietary sugar on the signal pathway of an enzyme named 12-LOX( 12- lipoxygenase).
Researcher Peiying Yang said that we found that the same sucrose intake as that of mice fed with sugar-free starch diet may increase the risk of tumor growth and metastasis, which is partly dependent on the increase of 12-LOX and related fatty acids 12-HETE levels. Previous epidemiological studies have shown that dietary sugar intake may have an important impact on the occurrence of breast cancer, and inflammation is considered to play an important role.
Researcher Dr. Lorenzo Cohen said that the current research investigated the influence of dietary sugar intake on the occurrence of breast tumors in various mouse models. At the same time, we also clarified the mechanisms involved, especially fructose, sucrose and corn syrup containing high levels of fructose can promote the production of 12HETE in breast cancer and the metastasis of cancer to the lungs. At the same time, they also pointed out that sugar in the diet can induce 12-LOX signal, thus increasing the risk of occurrence and metastasis of breast cancer.