home environment
1. Socio-economic status? It is generally believed that children in families with better socio-economic status have better language, adaptability and intellectual development than those with poorer socio-economic status. In the latter, there are more nervous events exposed in the family than in the former; In addition, in this kind of family, there are few opportunities for psychological and social communication, and children are as anxious and depressed as adults. If parents have low education level and poor parenting skills, it is more likely to cause children's behavior problems.
2. What is the identity of parents? Parents' unhappy childhood. Parents' marital status, health status, mother's psychological stress during pregnancy and the situation during childbirth can all affect the development of children's behavior. In a survey, it was found that most children with behavioral problems had pathological phenomena before and during pregnancy, and their delivery was abnormal.
Parents' personality, intelligence and education level also have an impact on children's behavior development.
3. Parents' attitude towards their children? Parents' excessive love, worry and protection, preference, discrimination and unrealistic expectations for their children have a negative impact on their behavior.
Parents are the first admirers of children, and children often imitate their parents' words and deeds, so parents' behavior will inevitably affect their children. Family atmosphere, parents' separation and quarrels have a profound influence on children, and children are easily disturbed by parents' public quarrels, especially when such quarrels are related to others. Others, such as drinking, smoking and attitudes towards people and things, all have psychological effects on children.
5. The contradiction between parents and children Every normal family will have contradictions, but if the contradiction is too big, it will cause parents' worry and children's insecurity. There are many reasons for conflicts at home, such as children's annoying performance, housework, TV programs, clothes, friends, study ... The most basic problem is that parents and children can't understand each other. Once a conflict occurs, parents' blame and punishment will only intensify the conflict and even produce hostile behavior. Parents should understand that a child's character comes partly from heredity and partly from parents' upbringing. When children behave badly and lose their temper, parents should first control their emotions and not let the contradictions worsen.
6. Due to parents' divorce, family breakdown has a great influence on children. It often leads to many behavioral problems. The factors related to children's behavior are: divorce reasons, relationship with followers (father or mother), birth of new compatriots, social and economic pressure, mother's (or father's) mood, continuous confrontation and abuse between divorced parties.
(2) collective environment nurseries, kindergartens and schools, just like families, teachers are parents and associates are brothers and sisters. Appropriate educational content and methods directly affect children's physical and mental development. Living and studying in a harmonious, friendly, United, happy and positive environment can make children's emotional behavior develop well.
(3) Children's own physiological environment
1. Disability and chronic physical diseases have a great influence on children's behavior. Among these diseases, some will bring discomfort and pain to children, some will affect or restrict children's daily activities and social interaction, some will make children feel fear and anxiety, and some will make children feel humiliated, isolated, embarrassed and feel inferior. These changes can often change the attitudes of parents, teachers and partners to children's behavior, which will lead to changes in children's own behavior. The adverse effects of diseases on children's emotions and behaviors are mainly manifested as depression. Boys tend to retreat, while girls tend to attack.
2. The maturity and maturity of intelligent nervous system is the most important factor for children's behavior development. The maturity of the nervous system is related to intelligence, and children of a certain age should have a corresponding level of intellectual development. For people with late intellectual development, if expectations are too high, they often feel frustrated and insecure; People with relatively high intelligence are often bored with school, don't listen carefully and don't finish their homework.
3. Childish temperament (see below).
4. The influence of biochemical and endocrine factors on behavior. The changes of people's mood and behavior are based on biology, among which the most important ones are nerve mediators (such as monoamine serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, etc.). ) and endocrine. Many children with attention deficit and ADHD can improve their symptoms by blocking monoamine oxidase, and tricyclic antidepressants also have therapeutic effects on ADHD. In patients with anxiety disorder, the content of plasma corticosteroids increased, which accelerated the update speed of biogenic amines (norepinephrine and serotonin) in feedback, especially; Excessive serotonin function may be related to the occurrence of anxiety disorder. At present, it is believed that anorexia nervosa may be related to diencephalon-neuroendocrine regulation disorder.
In addition, the influence of endorphins on mood and behavior has also attracted the attention of scholars. The current data show that the effect of endorphins on mental movement is closely related to the function of biogenic amines in the brain, and affects the secretion of hormones in the anterior pituitary gland through dopamine. But in general, the study of endorphins is not deep enough.
[Parenting factors]
Traditionally, there are two ways to educate children: authoritative method and obedient method. The former mainly uses too many instructions, orders, threats and punishments, while the latter solicits children's opinions in a pleading tone, explains the reasons to children after the situation changes, and respects children's opinions on the premise of permission. The "authoritative" method may lead children to lose their temper, disobey discipline, hate their peers, do whatever they want, be opinionated and lack self-confidence. The above situation rarely appears in the "conformity" rule.
"Authoritative" sex education method, no matter which one parents adopt, will lead to the occurrence of negative confrontation between themselves and their children, thus affecting the normal development of children's behavior. However, it is also found that "adaptive" sex education methods will increase children's aggressive behavior, based on the fact that western children who use "adaptive" methods are far more aggressive than eastern children who use "authoritative" methods. Therefore, it has been suggested that there is no perfect educational method at present, and it may be better to use them properly.
When educating children, we must proceed from their actual level. It is not appropriate to ask children to exceed their development level or to allow them to learn certain skills when their development level allows them, but parents miss the opportunity to teach them.
It is easy to spoil the upbringing of the only child, but parents often don't admit it. The best evidence of doting is that when parents forbid children to do something, children often threaten their parents with crying and losing their temper.
【 temperament characteristics of children 】
Temperament, as an internal physical factor, determines the tendency of children's behavior development to a certain extent, that is to say, temperament characteristics have a very important impact on behavior performance. Temperament is obvious from birth, and everyone has his own temperament characteristics. Understanding this huge difference is the basis of understanding behavior problems, because behavior differences are important factors that cause behavior problems. Studies have confirmed that three temperament types, difficult pregnancy type (D), slow pregnancy type (S) and moderately difficult pregnancy type, are prone to behavioral problems, especially for children with difficult pregnancy.
Any temperament type can cause behavior problems, but it is not necessarily destined to happen. Children's behavior is the result of the interaction between their own temperament characteristics and environmental factors. This interaction is mainly manifested in whether they are coordinated, and if they are coordinated, it will be beneficial to children's behavior development; Disharmony will hinder the development of their behavior, which will lead to behavior problems.
The relationship between parents and children is directly influenced by children's temperament. Whether this relationship is harmonious or not determines the direction of children's behavior development. If you adopt a child with temperament characteristics such as irregular life function, poor adaptability, negative mood and strong reaction intensity, the child can gradually adapt to the environment and behavioral problems may be avoided. If the "authoritative" approach is adopted, it will attract the emotional opposition between children and parents, which will lead to a series of behavioral problems. Therefore. Establishing a stable and harmonious intimate relationship between parents and children plays an important role in the development of children's behavior.
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