(1) Environmental factors The environment has great influence on human health. Whether it is the natural environment or the social environment, on the one hand, human beings should enjoy its achievements, on the other hand, they should also accept the harm it brings. Nature has nurtured human beings, but at the same time it also produces, exists and spreads all kinds of harmful substances that endanger human health at any time. The abrupt change of climate, airflow and air pressure will not only affect human health, but even bring disaster to human beings. In the social environment, the change of political system, the development of social economy and the progress of culture and education are closely related to human health. For example, economic development brings waste water, waste gas, noise and waste residue, which is extremely harmful to human health. Bad customs and harmful ideology also hinder human health. Therefore, if people want to be healthy, they must make unremitting efforts to improve, beautify, purify and optimize the environment.
(2) Biological factors Among the biological factors, the most important factors affecting human health are genetic factors and psychological factors. Modern medicine has found that there are not only two or three thousand kinds of genetic diseases, but also the incidence rate is as high as 20%. Therefore, it is of special significance to attach importance to the influence of heredity on health. Psychological factors are closely related to the occurrence, prevention and treatment of diseases. Negative psychological factors can cause many diseases, and positive psychological state is a necessary condition to maintain and improve health. Medical clinical practice and scientific research have proved that negative emotions such as anxiety, resentment, sadness, fear and anger will make various systems of the human body dysfunctional, which will lead to insomnia, tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, loss of appetite, menstrual disorders and other diseases. A positive and optimistic attitude can stand the test of victory and failure. In a word, mental state is a reflection of social environment and living environment, and it is an important factor affecting health.
(3) Lifestyle factors Lifestyle refers to a series of living habits, living systems and life consciousness formed by people under the long-term influence of certain culture, nationality, economy, society, customs and family. In the long process of human development, although it has long been recognized that lifestyle is related to health, various infectious diseases that endanger human life have always been the main cause of human death, and the influence of lifestyle factors on health has always been ignored. It was not until the 1960s (19) that people gradually discovered that among all the causes of death, the factor of acquired mode became more and more important. For example, from 65438 to 0976, 50% of the annual deaths in the United States were related to unhealthy lifestyles. It can be seen how important it is to develop good living habits for health.
Question 2: Briefly describe the framework of the determinants of a healthy society. What are the parts of the framework of the determinants of a healthy society?
WHO has established a complete conceptual framework of "social determinants of health" from the "causes" that determine health, with the realization of health equity as the basic value goal, and can take actions from the following two aspects to improve health equity and promote healthy development.
Daily living environment
Including: health risk factors in children's development, social environment and occupational environment determined by social stratification; Different physical environment, social support network, social psychology and behavior factors of different people; Receive health services such as health promotion, disease prevention and treatment.
Social structural factors
Including: the status and degree of social stratification; Social culture, norms and values; International and domestic socio-economic policies; Political systems in different countries and regions.
Refer to China Health Promotion Association.
cahep/show.asp？ id=2 13
Question 3: Discuss the influence of social factors on health in combination with the theory of determinants of a healthy society. There are many factors affecting health, including environmental factors, biological factors and lifestyle factors (1). Environmental factors have a great influence on human health. Whether it is the natural environment or the social environment, on the one hand, human beings should enjoy its achievements, on the other hand, they should also accept the harm it brings. Nature has nurtured human beings, but at the same time it also produces, exists and spreads all kinds of harmful substances that endanger human health at any time. The abrupt change of climate, airflow and air pressure will not only affect human health, but even bring disaster to human beings. In the social environment, the change of political system, the development of social economy and the progress of culture and education are closely related to human health. For example, economic development brings waste water, waste gas, noise and waste residue, which is extremely harmful to human health. Bad customs and harmful ideology also hinder human health. Therefore, if people want to be healthy, they must make unremitting efforts to improve, beautify, purify and optimize the environment. (2) Biological factors Among the biological factors, the most important factors affecting human health are genetic factors and psychological factors. Modern medicine has found that there are not only two or three thousand kinds of genetic diseases, but also the incidence rate is as high as 20%. Therefore, it is of special significance to attach importance to the influence of heredity on health. Psychological factors are closely related to the occurrence, prevention and treatment of diseases. Negative psychological factors can cause many diseases, and positive psychological state is a necessary condition to maintain and improve health. Medical clinical practice and scientific research have proved that negative emotions such as anxiety, resentment, sadness, fear and anger will make various systems of the human body dysfunctional, which will lead to insomnia, tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, loss of appetite, menstrual disorders and other diseases. A positive and optimistic attitude can stand the test of victory and failure. In a word, mental state is a reflection of social environment and living environment, and it is an important factor affecting health. (3) Lifestyle factors Lifestyle refers to a series of living habits, living systems and life consciousness formed by people under the long-term influence of certain culture, nationality, economy, society, customs and family. In the long process of human development, although it has long been recognized that lifestyle is related to health, various infectious diseases that endanger human life have always been the main cause of human death, and the influence of lifestyle factors on health has always been ignored. It was not until the 1960s (19) that people gradually discovered that among all the causes of death, the factor of acquired mode became more and more important. For example, from 65438 to 0976, 50% of the annual deaths in the United States were related to unhealthy lifestyles. It can be seen how important it is to develop good living habits for health.
Question 4: In what ways do social factors mainly affect human health? Human health depends on the influence and restriction of many factors. At present, people think that there are four main factors affecting health, namely, environmental factors, biological genetic factors, behavioral lifestyle factors and medical and health service factors. Among them, lifestyle factors and medical and health service factors belong to social environmental factors, but because of their outstanding impact on human health, they are placed in a prominent position, compared with environmental factors and biological genetic factors. Therefore, when analyzing the factors affecting health, we can describe them from two aspects: environmental factors and biological genetic factors.
1. Environmental factors The environment refers to the sum of various natural and social factors that surround human space and directly or indirectly affect human life. Therefore, humanistic environment includes natural environment and social environment.
(1) The natural environment, also known as the material environment, refers to the objective material world around human beings, such as water, air, soil and other organisms. The natural environment is a necessary condition for human survival. In the natural environment, the main factors affecting human health are biological factors, physical factors and chemical factors.
Biological factors in the natural environment include animals, plants and microorganisms. Some animals, plants and microorganisms provide the necessary guarantee for human survival, but others affect or even endanger human health in a direct or indirect way.
Physical factors in the natural environment include airflow, air temperature, air pressure, noise, ionizing radiation and electromagnetic radiation. Under natural conditions, physical factors are generally harmless to human body, but when the intensity, dose and time of some physical factors exceed a certain limit, it will cause harm to human health.
Question 5: What are the social factors that affect health? There are many factors affecting health, mainly environmental factors, biological factors and lifestyle factors.
(1) Environmental factors The environment has great influence on human health. Whether it is the natural environment or the social environment, on the one hand, human beings should enjoy its achievements, on the other hand, they should also accept the harm it brings. Nature has nurtured human beings, but at the same time it also produces, exists and spreads all kinds of harmful substances that endanger human health at any time. The abrupt change of climate, airflow and air pressure will not only affect human health, but even bring disaster to human beings. In the social environment, the change of political system, the development of social economy and the progress of culture and education are closely related to human health. For example, economic development brings waste water, waste gas, noise and waste residue, which is extremely harmful to human health. Bad customs and harmful ideology also hinder human health. Therefore, if people want to be healthy, they must make unremitting efforts to improve, beautify, purify and optimize the environment.
(2) Biological factors Among the biological factors, the most important factors affecting human health are genetic factors and psychological factors. Modern medicine has found that there are not only two or three thousand kinds of genetic diseases, but also the incidence rate is as high as 20%. Therefore, it is of special significance to attach importance to the influence of heredity on health. Psychological factors are closely related to the occurrence, prevention and treatment of diseases. Negative psychological factors can cause many diseases, and positive psychological state is a necessary condition to maintain and improve health. Medical clinical practice and scientific research have proved that negative emotions such as anxiety, resentment, sadness, fear and anger will make various systems of the human body dysfunctional, which will lead to insomnia, tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, loss of appetite, menstrual disorders and other diseases. A positive and optimistic attitude can stand the test of victory and failure. In a word, mental state is a reflection of social environment and living environment, and it is an important factor affecting health.
(3) Lifestyle factors Lifestyle refers to a series of living habits, living systems and life consciousness formed by people under the long-term influence of certain culture, nationality, economy, society, customs and family. In the long process of human development, although it has long been recognized that lifestyle is related to health, various infectious diseases that endanger human life have always been the main cause of human death, and the influence of lifestyle factors on health has always been ignored. It was not until the 1960s (19) that people gradually discovered that among all the causes of death, the factor of acquired mode became more and more important. For example, from 65438 to 0976, 50% of the annual deaths in the United States were related to unhealthy lifestyles. It can be seen how important it is to develop good living habits for health.
Question 6: What are the determinants and influencing factors of health? The main factors affecting health are: (1) biological factors 1. Genetic factors Human psychology is mainly formed and developed under the influence of acquired environment. However, people's psychological development is closely related to genetic factors. According to statistical investigation and clinical observation, the causes of many mental diseases are indeed related to blood. At the same time, genetic susceptibility also exists in some people. Nerve types based on genetic quality and physical characteristics at different ages also affect people's psychological activities. 2. Viral infection and somatic diseases Infectious diseases of the central nervous system caused by germs and viruses (such as cerebral syphilis, typhus and epidemic encephalitis) will damage the structure of human nerve tissue and lead to organic psychological disorder or mental disorder. This has a particularly serious impact on children and is an important cause of mental retardation or dementia. 3. Brain trauma and other factors, brain trauma or chemical poisoning, as well as some serious physical diseases and dysfunction, are also the causes of psychological disorders and mental disorders. (2) Social factors 1. Living environment factors Poor material conditions and improper living habits in life, such as excessive intake of tobacco, alcohol and food, will affect and damage physical and mental health. Secondly, bad working environment, long working hours, incompetent work, monotonous work, poor living conditions and low economic income will all make people feel anxious, irritable, angry and disappointed, thus affecting their mental health. In addition, the great changes in the living environment will also make individuals feel psychological pressure, which will bring psychological discomfort. 2. Major life events and mutation factors All kinds of changes encountered in life, especially some sudden changes, are often the causes of mental disorders or mental diseases, such as family death, lovelorn, divorce, natural disasters and diseases. Because every time an individual experiences a life event, it will bring him pressure, and he has to pay attention to adjustment and adaptation. Therefore, if there are too many unfortunate events or serious emergencies in a period of time, his physical and mental health will be easily affected. 3. Cultural and educational factors Educational factors include family education and school education. For personal psychological development, early education and family environment are one of the important factors affecting mental health. Research shows that if the early environment of individuals is monotonous and harsh, their psychological development will be hindered and their potential development will be inhibited, while individuals who are well cared for and rich in * * * may become excellent in adulthood. In addition, the relationship between children and parents, parents' parenting attitudes, ways and family types will also have an impact on the future individual mental health. Children who have established and maintained good relations with their parents since childhood are fully loved, supported and encouraged by their parents, and are easy to gain a sense of security and trust, which has a positive role in promoting the good development of personality, interpersonal communication and social adaptation in adulthood.
Question 7: In what ways do social factors mainly affect human health? Heavy pollution discharges automobile exhaust.
Question 8: What are the social factors that affect health?
Social factors refer to
Because of the relationship between people
And affect people's health.
Question 9: How much RMB is an ancient silver coin equivalent to? In costume dramas, silver is used as the monetary unit, so how much is a piece of silver? Look at the following deduction:
1 basic unit
There were many monetary units in ancient China, and each dynasty was different, especially before Qin and Han Dynasties. Only three basic units are discussed here:
A penny (that is, a standard square hole copper coin)
An ounce or two of silver.
An ounce or two of gold.
Although the above-mentioned units are different in different dynasties and generations, at least there is little difference after the Tang and Song Dynasties, so it is possible to obtain relatively stable and reliable data.
commutation relation
The exchange ratio between copper coins, silver and gold, just like the current foreign exchange price, is constantly changing, unlike 1 yuan is equal to 100. According to the following description:
"The price of gold and silver rose from 1600 to 1: 8 in the middle and late 20th century, and doubled to 1: 20 by the end of 18."
It is known that 1 gold can be exchanged for about 8~ 1 1 silver. Once again:
"In the early years of Daoguang, one or two pieces of silver were exchanged for money, that is, one thousand articles; By the time of the Opium War in the 20th year of Daoguang, one or two pieces of silver could be exchanged for sixteen thousand seven hundred pieces of silver. Since Xianfeng, the price of silver has soared, and one or two pieces of silver can be exchanged for as much as 22,300 pieces of silver. "
It is known that under normal circumstances, 1 silver can be exchanged for about 1000~ 1500 copper. Ancient 1 penetration money or 1 hanging money was 1000 copper coins.
2 metal price
Because money made of gold, silver and copper has its own value, in theory, the value of money should be equal to the price of metal, so we can answer "how much is a silver?"
In the Tang Dynasty, each Kaiyuan Bao Tong copper coin was 8 cents in diameter, 10 pieces weighed 1, and two thousand pieces weighed 6 Jin 4 Liang. During the reign of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, each copper coin weighed one yuan and twenty-five cents, and then increased to one yuan and four cents, so it weighed eight catties and twelve ounces per thousand articles. In ancient times, although the weight units of "two" were different, they were all about 40 grams, while "Jin" was about 700 grams. The average weight of each copper coin is 5g.
The current prices of gold, silver and copper (RMB) are as follows:
Gold: 100 yuan/gram
Silver: 2 yuan/gram
Brass: 0.02 yuan/gram
The calculation result is: 1 two gold: about 4000 yuan 1 two silver: about 1 copper coin 80 yuan (1 paper money): about 0. 1 yuan.
3 Grain price
Many historical monographs directly measure monetary relations through food prices. Although considering food prices alone is not accurate and objective, it should be an extremely important reference. Kobayashi found the following record on the Internet: "95 cents for meters (stones)? White rice (stone) nine points, two points, six points, eight points, three points? White? According to the records of the Ministry of War of the Qing Dynasty, the grain prices of Shuntianfu, Daming and Xuanhua in Zhili in the first half of the fifteenth year of Guangxu were calculated based on millet, sorghum and corn, with an average of 124 cents and 60 cents per warehouse. According to 1 stone = 100 kg =70 kg, the grain price is calculated in 2 yuan RMB/kg, and the following average values can be obtained: 1 two silver: about 170 yuan 1 copper coin (1 paper money): about.
4 conclusion, according to the above calculation, consider again.
1 The price of gold is more stable than others, and it should be emphasized that silver has been used as an industrial product, so the reference value of silver price is low now.
Due to the rapid development of agricultural technology, the relative price of grain is much cheaper now than in ancient times.
4 Respect the ancient exchange ratio
5 Round the whole number to facilitate conversion and the establishment of perceptual knowledge. Therefore, the author suggests that it is convenient and wise to adopt the following conversion system when encountering ancient monetary units in the future:
1 two gold = 2000 yuan = 10 two silver.
1 two silver = RMB 200 yuan = 1000 = 1 customs (diao) money.
1 Qian Wen = RMB 0.2 yuan.
In addition: 1 stone rice = 1 two silver.
Disclaimer: The above conclusions are not academic opinions, but only used for the conversion of ordinary people watching costume TV dramas and martial arts novels.
5 verification, the following are some ancient materials to verify the conversion method given by Kobayashi to improve perceptual knowledge:
The monthly salary of Tang Dynasty Jiupin officials is 5 stone meters = Tang Dynasty junior civil servants ... >>
Question 10: What are the factors that affect health? Simply put: 1. Internal factors 1) Emotion 2) Psychology 3) Sleep 4) Autoimmunity 5) Genetic factors 6) Living habits.
Second, external factors 1) diet 2) living environment 3) living conditions 4) working environment 5) working conditions 6) work intensity 7) interpersonal relationships, etc. For reference only!