The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education points out that kindergartens must put the protection of children's lives and the promotion of children's health at the top of their work. Establish a correct concept of health, attach great importance to children's mental health while attaching importance to their physical health. Practice has proved that not all education can promote human development. Some education has little effect on people's physical and mental development, and some education can not only make people's physical and mental health develop, but will hinder people's normal development. In order to make education promote human development, we must correctly understand the relationship between education and human physical and mental development.
There are five fields in kindergarten education: health, language, society, science and art, and health is at the forefront, which shows the importance of infant health education in infant education and infant development. Kindergarten education is an important part of basic education and the basic stage of school education and lifelong education in China. It is very important to lay a solid physical foundation for them in early childhood.
As an educational institution with dual tasks of conservation and education, health education has a special position in kindergarten curriculum. Through learning in the field of health, children can acquire knowledge and attitudes related to their own health, others' health and social health, and form good behaviors and habits. Experimental research shows that regular health education for children can promote the growth of children's health knowledge and help improve their behavior habits. Regular health education can enrich children's health knowledge and improve the formation rate of healthy behavior. Moreover, the growth rate of weight, the improvement of VC nutritional status, the increase of hemoglobin, the decrease of anemia rate and the control of dental caries have all achieved certain results.
For children, health is the first important thing. Children are in a period of rapid growth and development. Because their physical and mental development is not perfect, their adaptability to various natural and social environments is poor. Their resistance to illness and psychological stress is weak. Therefore, whether they can be protected and educated is not only related to their current healthy growth, but also has a lasting impact on their physical and mental health throughout their lives.
Second, the specific content of early childhood health education
Sports health education aims to improve people's health knowledge, change people's knowledge, attitude and behavior, and encourage people to form healthy lifestyles and habits through planned, organized and systematic educational activities, thus promoting the healthy growth of children. The content of children's health education should be composed of three aspects: physical, psychological and social adaptability. These three aspects are an inseparable part of children's health education. It is impossible to become a complete health education by focusing only on one aspect and excluding others.
(1) Good health:
1. Physical fitness: develop children's basic motor skills such as walking, running, jumping, climbing, drilling and crawling in activities, improve children's flexibility and coordination, enhance children's physical fitness, and improve children's ability to control limbs muscles, exercise and adapt to the environment.
2. Personal hygiene:
(1) Cultivate children's self-care and self-reliance ability. No longer rely on parents, put an end to the behavior arranged by parents, learn to wash your face, wash your hands, brush your teeth, dress yourself, eat by yourself, pack your things by yourself, and do what you can.
(2) Cultivate children's regular living habits. Such as: go to bed early and get up early, eat on time, take care of yourself, etc.
(3) Cultivate children's good living habits. Such as: wash your hands before meals, wash your hair frequently, cut your nails frequently, take a bath frequently, and change clothes frequently. Cultivate correct standing posture, sitting posture and eye habits.
(4) Cultivate children's habit of caring for the surrounding environment. No defecation, spitting and littering, and keep the public environment clean and tidy.
(2) Mental health:
Mental health education includes gradually strengthening children's psychological strength, enhancing children's understanding of internal and external pressures, and their ability to tolerate and solve problems in order to better adapt to social life.
1. Cultivate children's positive and optimistic emotions, avoid negative and pessimistic emotions, and form optimistic and cheerful personality characteristics.
2. Cultivate children's ability to improve interpersonal relationships. Learn how to get along with people and basic interpersonal skills, and be able to communicate with people actively and generously.
3. Enhance children's self-awareness. Establish self-esteem, self-love, self-confidence, have confidence in yourself, believe that you can do it, do it well, and even do it better than others.
(3) Social adaptation:
Cultivate children's social communication ability, learn how to get along with others and respect others. Carry out appropriate frustration education for children, enhance their psychological endurance, and learn to take care of themselves. Take good care of the public environment, abide by the law, and cultivate some fine traditional virtues of children, such as being ready to help others, respecting the elderly and loving the young, and uniting and helping each other.
Third, effective strategies for children's health education
1. Explain. The basic physical health knowledge, health knowledge, simple and clear, so that every child can understand and master.
2. Show me. Demonstration is to demonstrate action skills and let children observe the components of the action. Demonstration is usually achieved through role models, so that children can learn from each other, give full play to the role of role models, and mobilize children's enthusiasm and subjective initiative. In behavioral habits, children's demonstrations will be better than teachers' demonstrations.
3. discussion. Collective discussion of typical cases can often make children remember deeply. Such as personal hygiene: let children talk about how to do right, how to do wrong, why and how to do it.
4. Behavior practice. The key period of habit cultivation is in the first and second grades of kindergartens and primary schools. Practice is the key to further sublimate the conceptual knowledge in the mind. Strengthening the cultivation of children's personal hygiene habits and carrying out consolidation exercises can lay a solid foundation for their future hygiene habits. While cultivating children's behavior habits, we should adopt the method of "taking the big with the small". In this way, training, explanation and demonstration can vary from person to person, and children's observation or understanding mistakes can be corrected immediately.
5. Scene demonstration. Children have a natural interest in games, which can help them master knowledge better. Through the way of scene performance, children will be better able to experience and feel the same thing.
6. Observe. Let children observe and learn the sports skills and hygiene habits of older children, and cultivate their hygiene habits in a subtle way.
The key to scientific and sound preschool education lies in children's psychological quality education and early emotional communication. Of course, health education is also essential. Preschool teachers should not only understand the commonness and differences of children's development, but also pay full attention to their individual differences. They should pay attention to children's physical health and mental health, have a clear aim, give full play to each child's potential and positive factors, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and save the lost. Choose the most effective education method to promote the healthy and all-round development of every child.