Detailed control indicators and key points of baby self-inspection
Detailed control indicators and key points of baby self-inspection
Limb motor development index
Seize three important opportunities for baby's limb development:
Opportunity 1: 0-2 years old. The basic stage of the development of children's physical movement intelligence mainly lies in establishing basic abilities in various fields and systems and developing basic emotions and daily functions. Key development projects include: the anterolateral tactile system in perception and the anti-gravity muscle group in action.
Opportunity 2: 2-4 years old. The turning point in the development of children's limb movement intelligence mainly lies in the maturity of basic functions in various fields and systems, and the development of more complex functions and basic independent ability begins. The key development projects include: the posterior medial tactile system in perception and the development of gross motor function in action.
Opportunity 3: 4-7 years old. The integration period of children's limb-motor intelligence development focuses on the integration of various functional fields, thus developing high-skill, high-complex advanced integration functions and a considerable degree of social functions. Key development projects include: vestibular system in perception, fine motor function development in action, sensory integration function in integration and basic thinking function in cognition.
Language ability development index
Four stages of infant language development:
The first stage, 0- 1 year-old, is the storage stage of dental language and language vocabulary. When the child is 8 months old, this vocal practice will reach its peak, and it will change the volume and sound words to imitate the real language, such as BABA'MAMA…
The second stage is 1-2 years old: the language feature of this period is to say simple sentences, and you can express your needs with gestures and expressions. Can imitate the bleating of lambs, and also like to ask: what is this called? What is that? "
The third stage is 2-3 years old: from being able to say short sentences to being able to use complex sentences, I like to ask questions. How to help your baby: At this time, you should give your child a language environment for communication and encourage them to express themselves in long sentences. When he wants cookies, you can slow down and ask him: Do you want cookies? "The baby will imitate mom and dad and gradually use complete sentences.
The fourth stage is 3-6 years old: fluent in speech, able to use very rich parts of speech, able to find grammatical relations from adult speech, correct their temporary grammatical mistakes, and gradually form a real language.
Visual development index
Exercise methods in four stages of baby's visual development;
0-6 months-"black and white period": newborn babies can only see light and shadow. When they are nursing, they can only see their mother's face, and then they can't see it.
6- 12 months-"color period": this is the key period for the development of baby's ability to distinguish subtle differences between objects and images (referred to as "visual sensitivity"). At this time, they need colorful images and toys.
1-3 years old-"three-dimensional period": children can walk upright and begin to know more about the three-dimensional space such as distance, front and back, left and right. At this time, parents can prepare some 3D toys for their children.
3-6 years old-"spatial period": Through vision, children can judge spatial concepts such as object size, up and down, inside and outside, back and forth, and distance. At this time, parents should use games to develop their children's spatial vision ability.
Auditory development index
Three periods, infant listening training methods:
0- 1 year-old: skillfully use the "mother tone". Because newborn babies have instinctive auditory preferences for certain sounds, adults can talk to their babies in a quite special way-mother's tone.
1-3 years old:/kloc-0 years old, the baby spent most of his time on the ground. After learning to walk, his vision was greatly broadened and his range of activities was greatly increased. His thirst for knowledge and curiosity are getting stronger and stronger. He wants to touch everything, taste everything, and his ears are waiting for more stimulation.
3-6 years old: 3-year-old babies have a certain foundation in language understanding and auditory memory, and their language expression has gradually changed from simple to longer, more complex and more vivid, which is ready for them to learn more interpersonal communication skills and complex games in kindergarten.
Tactile development index
Five ways to cultivate baby's sense of touch:
1, Touch: Parents can seek professional guidance, massage their babies according to certain steps and do touch exercises.
2, object stimulation: use a variety of different softness brushes, or different materials of cloth, gently rub the baby's limbs, back, strengthen and increase the effect of tactile stimulation.
3. Flooring: Flooring with different materials, such as plastic, cloth, wood floor, fluff cotton, etc. Provide a small environment for the baby to crawl.
4. Touch nature: Take your baby into nature and let him touch all kinds of natural things, such as mud, stones, trunks, leaves, grass, fur of small animals, etc. And prepare some small toys for the baby to play with sand and rub mud to increase the baby's fun.
5. Graffiti: Give the baby some safe pigments and let the baby draw with his little hands and feet. It is also a good game that is very popular with babies and has a significant effect on promoting tactile development.
Olfactory and taste development index
Training methods of baby's taste and smell;
Taste: Feed fruit juice, increase complementary food in time, eat pulp, and eat bitterness.
Smell: Smell flowers, daily necessities, sour taste and bad smell.
Key points of physical examination in infancy
Time, place and content of physical examination: After the baby is born, it will have the first routine examination in the hospital where the baby was born, measuring the baby's head circumference, height and weight, checking the baby's skin color, and checking whether the baby's heart is noisy, breathing is normal, muscle tension and activity are up to standard. The doctor in the hospital who gave birth to the baby within the first week after birth took a drop of the baby's heel blood for testing to verify whether the baby's thyroid and circulatory system are working normally. Doctors will also remind nursing mothers of the precautions in diet, and tell you some precautions in taking care of newborn babies, especially suggestions on how to prevent rickets and sudden death of babies. The doctor's home visit is usually twice within one month after the baby is born. The first time: a week after the baby comes home, the doctor comes to your home to help the baby measure his body, weight and head circumference, and check the baby's jaundice, umbilical cord falling off and limb movements. The second time: when the baby is full moon, it is mainly for hearing screening. For babies with hearing problems, the best treatment time is within three months after birth, so this examination is very important. Physical examination of newborn -A score
A score is a standard evaluation method to check the baby's physical condition, and it is also the first examination that the baby receives after birth, usually immediately after birth.
Detection time: 1 minute, 5 minutes and 10 minutes after birth were evaluated respectively.
1, skin color. The whole body skin ruddy is 2 points; The hands and feet are slightly bluish purple, and the trunk red is1; The whole body is blue and purple, 0 points.
2. Heart rate. If the heartbeat is strong, 2 points will be deducted for more than 100 times per minute; The heartbeat is weaker than 100 beats/minute1; If you can't hear the heart sound, it is 0.
3. Reaction after stimulation. Crying and sensitivity are 2 points; The expression of pain is1; No response to stimulus is 0.
4. Muscle tension. If the baby's activity is normal and the muscle tension is normal, score 2 points: if the hands and feet are slightly bent and the muscle tension is low, score 1 point; If the baby is soft, give 0 points.
5. Take a deep breath. Breathing smoothly, crying is 2 points; Breathing is weak and irregular, and crying is as low as 1 min; No breathing is 0.
Tip: The score of A only provides medical reference for medical staff. Generally speaking, a score of 8- 10 is good; Newborns with a score of 7 or below are mild asphyxia, and newborns with mild asphyxia will generally get better soon after cleaning the respiratory tract and inhaling oxygen. The score is very low. A score of 3 or less is severe asphyxia.
Physical examination time, physical examination place, physical examination content 4-6 weeks. The first step of physical examination is to check the baby's muscle development, limb development and intellectual development. Check the baby's muscle development by looking up. Judging whether the baby's limbs develop normally by whether the hip joint moves freely. Judge the baby's intellectual development through intelligence screening, such as letting the baby chase a red ball. There are also some basic tests, such as measuring height and weight, checking whether the growth is normal, and whether the heartbeat and other organs meet the standards. 3-month mental development check The doctors in the health care department of the hospital mainly check whether the baby's body and mind are developing normally. The baby is now three months old and has more and more contact with the surrounding environment. Whether his eyes move with objects, whether he can communicate with people with his eyes, whether he can smile at other people's smiles, whether the baby can grasp things with his hands together, and whether he can clench his fists are all within the scope of investigation. After six months of athletic ability test, the doctors in the hospital health department focused on the baby's athletic ability and flexibility. Most babies have been able to support themselves with their arms in bed, raise their heads and easily pick up things with their hands. In addition, doctors will also pay attention to several key points: whether the baby can pay attention to other people's eyes, whether it responds to calls or phone rings, and whether it can turn over. 9-month trace element examination It is best to go to the health department of the hospital to check the trace elements in the baby. Children of this age are prone to loss of appetite, low immunity and illness because of calcium and zinc deficiency. The doctor will take a drop of baby's finger blood for testing, which is more accurate than testing hair. 1 year-old development examination In addition to routine examination, doctors usually focus on three aspects: First, test children's language ability. Most babies can use some "special body language" to chat with their parents at this time. Second, the development of baby's sports ability, including baby crawling, stopping, standing, grasping the target with index finger and thumb. Third, the baby's tooth development, according to the formula, should grow 6 ~ 8 teeth. The eruption time of deciduous teeth should not exceed one year old at the latest. 1 half-year-old blood test The health care doctor in the hospital checked the hemoglobin of the child to see if there was anemia. In addition, the doctor will ask the child about his usual diet and give him some nutritional advice. Routine physical examination in hospital health department after 2 years old. The baby needs a physical examination at least once a year after he is 2 years old. In addition to those routine items, doctors will also check the coordination of children's sports and their mastery of vocabulary. For example, playing hide-and-seek games with children can show their coordination when they walk, bend, squat, stand up and climb stairs with handrails. Let the child recognize things, play house games with him and judge the number of words he has mastered. How much do infants know about kindergarten physical examination?
Physical examination institutions: different cities and regions generally go to designated hospitals (mostly maternal and child health centers) for physical examination; Take care of your own expenses, and the price is generally around 50.
Physical examination time: about one month before going to kindergarten (the validity of the physical examination report for going to kindergarten is 1 month). Please keep a normal diet three days before the examination, and go to the hospital at 8:00- 10:30 on the day of the examination, and ask for an empty stomach.
Physical examination items: visual inspection, physical examination and blood test.
Physical examination once a year after the age of three, the time, place and content of physical examination. The baby needs a physical examination at least once a year after he is three years old. In addition to those routine items, doctors will also check the coordination of children's sports and their mastery of vocabulary. For example, playing hide-and-seek games with children can show their coordination when they walk, bend, squat, stand up and climb stairs with handrails. Let the child recognize things, play house games with him and judge the number of words he has mastered. Three-year-old children in hospital health care department have reached almost the same accuracy as adults by the time they are three. At this time, the baby should have an eye check. The method of examination is similar to that of adults, mainly to detect whether the child is nearsighted or amblyopic. Four-year-old comprehension test Doctors in the health care department of the hospital judge the development of baby's comprehension by talking to the baby or asking the child to look at pictures and talk. Children of kindergarten age can call themselves "I" and express themselves in complete sentences. Four key points of preschool infants' physical examination
Critical point 1: lead content
Lead is the only trace element that the human body does not need, which affects intelligence and bone development, causes indigestion and anemia, and destroys renal function and immune function. Even if there is 0.0 1 microgram of lead in human body, it will do harm to health. Therefore, the most important thing for children's physical examination is to measure lead.
Focus 2: Hemoglobin
Anemic children are often 2- 10 cm shorter than normal children of the same age, mostly because of iron deficiency. Iron deficiency will reduce children's immunity, affect cognitive ability, and lead children to behave strangely and hyperactively.
Focus 3: Zinc, Calcium and Magnesium
80% of children with zinc below the normal level 1/2 have severe developmental retardation. Therefore, zinc intake is very important for children to grow taller. Calcium and magnesium are also essential trace elements, which complement each other and promote development. Calcium deficiency and hypercalcemia will affect growth and development, and even cause diseases. Therefore, calcium can't be supplemented casually, and it must be supplemented according to the doctor's advice after testing.
Focus 4: Bone age determination
It mainly analyzes the height potential and development of children according to X-rays. According to scientific research, the development of children's bone age tends to advance, which will seriously affect his height and figure, causing him to stop growing when he is 16 years old. Therefore, the determination of bone age during physical examination is also essential.
What does the doctor check for the baby?
When you are about to collapse because of these complicated physical examinations, please remind yourself that taking your baby for physical examinations regularly will enable you to have more communication with doctors, let you know more about your baby's physical condition and ensure that your baby can grow up healthily both physically and psychologically. Touch the baby's neck; Press the baby's head with your palm; Rub your baby's ass, lift your baby's legs and bend your knees until you touch your stomach; Pick up the baby for a while, put it down for a while and scare the baby; Check the baby's private parts; Press the baby's groin with your index finger. ...
Developmental indicators of infants of all ages
The first 1 week
The newborn baby's skin is red and cool, with wet hair sticking to the scalp, tight hands, loud crying and big head. In terms of feeding, spitting often occurs after eating milk. In nursing, the most obvious situation is that the umbilical cord falls off in 4-7 days.
1 week later
A week after birth, the baby can lie flat and look up at 45 degrees, and pay attention to the parents' faces. The baby's various conditioned reflex has been established. When you separate his clenched hands and touch his palm with your fingers, he will hold your fingers tightly and never let go. Now the baby can see you, but it won't be long.
two months
After two months, the baby's daily life began to be regular, and it also formed a fixed breastfeeding time. As parents, we should massage our baby regularly and often take our baby to outdoor activities. In terms of parent-child interaction, when parents tease, the baby will smile, his eyes can move horizontally with the object, he can turn his head to find the sound source, he can look up for a while when lying prone, he can freely rotate his head, his fingers can unfold and close themselves, he can play on his chest and start sucking his thumb.
3 months
The 3-month-old baby has basically adapted to the surrounding environment, and various functions of the body have begun to develop. He will control his hands and feet to beat the moving objects around or in front of him. He also has the ability to recognize colors, especially yellow and red, and he can concentrate for a short time. At first, he would look for objects that suddenly disappeared from sight.
4 months
In this period, the baby's head circumference and chest circumference are roughly equal, which is more than 10cm higher than the body length at birth and weighs about twice as much as that at birth. When lying prone, the baby's upper body is completely raised, perpendicular to the bed; You can lift your legs, kick off clothes and quilts, and kick up toys; Flexible vision, which can be transferred from one object to another; Start babbling and answer the teasing of adults with your voice; Like to eat complementary food.
5 months
5-month-old baby, in terms of diet, began to prepare for weaning; In the aspect of parent-child interaction, you can know your mother and close people and respond to them; Most children can change from supine to lateral or prone, sit on the mat for a while, stand upright when sitting, supported by adults, stand still, put things in their mouths and pronounce one or two consonants.
6 months
6-month-old baby, the body develops further and the nervous system matures day by day. In terms of feeding, the baby has almost begun to grow deciduous teeth, and supplementary foods such as meat paste and pig liver paste can be added. On the issue of early education, when communicating with the baby, parents respond to the baby's babbling.
7 months
The growth speed of the baby's head slows down, the growth speed of the legs and trunk accelerates, and the movement posture will also change greatly. With the improvement of muscle tension, the child's posture becomes more upright, which will form a taller, thinner and stronger appearance.
8 months
Babies gradually transition to childhood after 8 months. Nutrition is very important at this time. If they can't keep up, it will affect the adult height. In addition, in terms of sports, 8-month-old babies can generally crawl and freely change directions during crawling. 8-month-old babies are afraid of being separated from their parents, especially their mothers. This is the normal psychological performance of children, which shows that children can accurately and sensitively distinguish relatives, acquaintances and strangers.
9 months
When the baby is 9 months old, the growth speed of the baby's head slows down, the growth speed of the legs and trunk accelerates, and the movement posture will also change greatly. With the improvement of muscle tension, it will form a taller, thinner and stronger appearance. At this point, the baby has a sense of self and wants to do everything by himself.
10 month
Don't force your baby to eat food he doesn't like, and gradually turn complementary food into staple food. At this time, the baby's body movements are more and more agile, and he can quickly turn his body to a noisy place and crawl. When sitting, you won't lose your balance. You can swing and turn around to help the furniture stand firm. Can cooperate with reaching out when dressing and stretching your feet when wearing shoes and socks.
1 1 month
At this stage, the baby's complementary food began to become a staple food, so it is necessary to ensure that the baby consumes enough animal protein, and the complementary food should be less salt and less sugar. In addition, it is necessary to start training the baby to overcome the fear of life, cultivate the baby's independence, and let the baby gradually become competent for contact.
12 months
/kloc-The baby of 0/2 months has just been weaned or not completely weaned, and the child has passed infancy and entered infancy. Children have made new progress in physical and neurological development as well as psychological and intellectual development. The baby is in the stage of rapid growth. With the growth of age, the baby's teeth have gradually grown out, but the digestive ability of the stomach is still relatively weak. Pay special attention to your diet! Parents must ensure that their baby can get enough and balanced nutrition to help him lay a good health foundation.
2 years old
The two-year-old baby's head grows slowly, his legs and trunk grow fast, and his posture will also change greatly. With the improvement of muscle tension, the child's posture becomes more upright, which will form a taller, thinner and stronger appearance. During this period, children can walk independently, the range of activities increases, the amount of exercise increases, and the bones grow rapidly, which is in the most vigorous stage of growth and development. Don't pamper your baby too much at this time, and don't be perfunctory. You should educate your baby to interact with people correctly and politely.
3 years old
By the age of 3, the baby's brain is close to that of an adult, and then the development speed will slow down. And the body has always been strong, and the resistance to diseases has been greatly improved. In terms of routine, the three-year-old baby can sleep independently and get used to sleeping, going to the toilet and brushing his teeth. Although many things are still not done very well, they can basically take care of themselves.
4 years old
At this stage, the child's fat will be further reduced, and the muscle tissue will be further increased, so that the child has a stronger and more mature appearance, slimmer upper and lower limbs, narrower and sharper upper body. Every day, children are very energetic and have a lot of activities. Children of this age need to explore the surrounding world through feeling, perception and various operational activities, and establish their own understanding and concepts of the surrounding environment.
5 years old
The growth rate of height and weight of 5-year-old children is still in a steady growth stage, similar to that of 3-4 years old. The growth rate of height is still slightly faster, and the growth rate of weight is relatively slow. So the child looks light, not fat. Babies who are in preschool age have more contact with the outside world, strong imitation, large activity, increased physical consumption, rapid brain development and rapid intellectual development. Therefore, it is necessary to provide sufficient high nutrition.
6 years old
Children's contact with the outside world is increasing day by day. So children are in a very active stage, which is a step-by-step process. But the growth is slow and steady. The weight gain is less than 2kg per year, and the height growth is relatively stable, about 5-7.5cm per year. On the outside, the child looks a little slim. At this time, the device needs sufficient supply of protein, minerals and carbohydrates.
Infant physical examination health file
How to establish an exclusive physical examination health file for your baby?
If parents bring their baby to see a doctor, but don't know when the baby had a disease before, it will be time-consuming and laborious for doctors to diagnose. If parents not only can't remember clearly, but also remember wrong, it will be more troublesome and even affect the correctness of diagnosis. Therefore, the doctor suggested that it is best to establish a special health record for the baby.
In addition to establishing a health file, a health information package should be prepared for the baby, which can provide accurate information for future disease diagnosis and help doctors diagnose and choose drugs reasonably. The health information package includes: the baby's vaccination card, complete medical records, X-ray photos or reports, electrocardiogram, B-ultrasound, laboratory sheets, physical examination forms and other original medical records, in chronological order. All kinds of allergies, such as food allergies, contact allergies, drug allergies, etc. , should also be included in the information package.