1, the method of breast self-examination
When touching, the palm should be stretched horizontally and the four fingers should be close together. Gently touch the upper, lower, lower and upper areas of the breast with the fingertips of the most sensitive index finger, middle finger and ring finger, and finally the nipple and areola area in the middle of the breast. Don't scratch the breast tissue with your fingers during the examination, otherwise you will mistake the caught breast tissue for a lump.
The most serious disease of breast is breast cancer, which is usually irregular, with unclear boundaries, hard texture, fast growth and difficult to be pushed. But also accompanied by changes, depressions and discoloration on the skin.
2, leading to breast lumps.
1, dense breast
Breast can be divided into three types: dense breast, fat breast and mixed breast. Mammary gland accounts for most of the breast and is dense; Fat accounts for most of the breast, which is fat type; Glands and fats are between the first two and mixed in the middle. They are all normal types, but they can be identified only by mammography and cannot be detected by self-examination.
Dense breasts are a common type of young women. Dense breast only means more glands. And with the increase of age, breast tissue will gradually be replaced by adipose tissue. Especially in the late menopause, most women's breasts will become fat.
Breast tissue is a hard object, which is a relatively large disk in the breast and can be grasped or pinched by hand normally. So, sometimes you will feel the lump in the breast, which is just the protruding area of the normal breast. If you don't grasp it, you just feel a lump in the way you push it, so you need to pay attention.
2, breast fibroadenoma.
The chief culprit of the most common breast lump is breast fibroadenoma, which is related to the imbalance of sex hormone levels in patients, mainly manifested in the proliferation of breast epithelial tissue and fibrous tissue to varying degrees. It is common in women of childbearing age aged 20-39, because women of this age have strong ovarian function and sex hormones are also in an active period.
Breast fibroadenoma has no obvious pain and is difficult to find without examination. The tumor grows slowly, mostly single, which can be on one side or both sides of the breast. The lump is round or oval, with hardness as the tip of the nose, smooth surface, clear boundary, easy pushing, and good toughness to the touch. The size and diameter are about 3 cm, and rarely exceed 5 cm.
Breast fibroadenoma is mostly benign, but more attention should be paid to it. If you feel that there are multiple fibroadenomas, and they obviously continue to grow, which may affect the appearance and shape of your breast, you need to ask your doctor if it needs to be removed.
3, breast cystic or lobular hyperplasia
Cystic hyperplasia of breast is a disease characterized by the cyst formed by the high expansion of lobular duct and terminal duct of breast, accompanied by abnormal breast structure. Middle-aged women are more common, and there are often several hard nodules of different sizes on both sides of the breast with unclear boundaries, which can cause pain, especially premenstrual pain.
Cystic breast diseases are more likely to cause masses. Compared with common breast hyperplasia, breast hyperplasia and atypical hyperplasia caused by fibrocystic breast disease are in danger of malignant transformation, which should be regarded as precancerous lesions and should be paid attention to.
4. It is superficial phlebitis of breast.
Breast phlebitis, also known as chest wall phlebitis, mostly forms thrombophlebitis around the breast, which is relatively rare. The superficial vein of the affected limb suddenly appears as a cord or column, and the vein tissue of the affected limb is swollen, swollen or edematous, and the local skin temperature rises, so that the heat sensation can be felt, tenderness and tenderness are obvious, limb movement is limited, and the whole body reaction is slight, with mild thermal discomfort.
Improper underwear will compress superficial veins and form thrombophlebitis. The prognosis of breast phlebitis is good, no special drug treatment is needed, and hot compress or physical therapy can be used after the onset, which will take effect soon. Very few patients can cause skin ulcers and even purulent infections.
5. Normal phenomena in special periods
Before menstruation comes, women often have full, stiff and tender breasts. In severe cases, the breasts will swell and be slightly shaken or collided. This is normal. The estrogen level in premenstrual period of women will increase, the mammary glands will proliferate, and the tissues between the breasts will become edema.
Generally speaking, menstruation will disappear after it comes or is collected. There are lumps in the breasts at this special time, so don't worry too much.
Therefore, although breast cancer is terrible, not all lumps predict breast cancer. You should always check yourself. If you find a lump in your breast, don't worry too much. If you observe anything, you should go to the hospital for examination immediately, and you must prevent it as soon as possible.
Prevention is greater than cure! Usually you can do some breast enhancement exercises, or go to a beauty salon to do breast dredging maintenance, which can avoid the occurrence of breast diseases. Women should love themselves!
3. Food to protect breasts.
1, increasing soy foods is good for breast health. Because soybeans and foods processed by soybeans contain isoflavones, this substance can reduce the estrogen level in women and relieve breast discomfort. If you eat two meals a day containing soybeans, such as tofu and soybean milk. It will be very beneficial to breast health.
2. Eating more edible fungi can add points to women's breast health. Tremella, Auricularia auricula, Lentinus edodes, Hericium erinaceus, Poria cocos and other foods are natural biological reaction regulators, which can enhance human immunity and have a strong anti-cancer effect.
3, kelp adjuvant treatment of breast hyperplasia. It is found that kelp can relieve hyperplasia of mammary glands because it contains a lot of iodine, which can promote luteinization of follicles, regulate endocrine disorders and reduce the risk of hyperplasia of mammary glands in women.
4. Nuts and seed foods make breast tissues more elastic. Seeds and nuts, including soybeans and peanuts containing lecithin, are rich in almonds, walnuts and sesame seeds from protein, and contain a lot of antioxidants, which can play an anti-cancer role.
5. Yellow croaker, soft-shelled turtle, loach, hairtail, octopus, squid, sea cucumber, oyster, kelp, laver, etc. are rich in essential trace elements for human body, and have a unique chest protection function.
6. Grapes, kiwis, lemons, strawberries, oranges, figs, etc.
7. Tomatoes, carrots, cauliflowers, pumpkins, garlic, onions, asparagus, cucumbers, loofahs, radishes and some green leafy vegetables are very helpful for keeping breasts healthy.
8. Cereal foods, such as wheat (flour), corn and some miscellaneous grains, have a health care effect on breasts if they are eaten regularly. Wheat contains a lot of soluble and insoluble cellulose, which helps the human body to lower cholesterol; Insoluble cellulose helps to prevent cancer, and corn is recognized by nutrition experts as the best breast enhancement food.
To sum up, once a woman has a lump in her breast, it may be breast hyperplasia, or breast fibroma, breast cystic hyperplasia, or even breast malignant tumor. Anyway, don't be careless. Usually, you must take good care of your breasts and eat more than 8 kinds of foods recommended by the above small series to better protect your breasts.
4. Precautions for breast care
1, when buying a bra, you must see whether the fabric is breathable. How is the air permeability? You can do your own experiments. Drop a few drops of water on the cloth to see if the drops can't penetrate like those on the lotus leaf. If so, it proves that the fabric is airtight. You can also pick up the bra and blow it, and put your hand on the other side of the bra to see if you feel the air blowing. If there is, it means that it is breathable.
2, careful use of breast cream, if the breast function is completed by ingesting estrogen, it is easy to lead to endocrine disorders and induce breast problems. When using cosmetics, you should use whitening and freckle-removing products with caution. Normal people don't whiten or freckle out of thin air. Generally, such products may contain hormones.
Try on the bra when you buy it. When trying on a bra, you should bend over to wear it and buckle it. Stand up straight after putting it on, and observe whether the chest plate is pressed by the steel bracket.
4, wearing a bra should not be too long, no more than 8 hours a day, nothing can do more chest expansion exercises to promote blood circulation.
5, the bra will protect the chest during activities, but the corset will affect the blood circulation of the chest when sleeping, increasing the chance of breast cancer.
6. Overweight women have a high probability of being diagnosed with breast cancer and a high probability of recurrence and death, so they need to control their weight.
7. Some foods can provide you with extra cancer protection. For example, carrots, spinach and sweet potatoes rich in vitamin A and beta carotene can reduce the risk of breast cancer by 20%. Vitamin D and calcium are also important substances to prevent breast cancer. Get some daily vitamin D from salmon, trout and sardines. As for calcium, milk, yogurt, cheese, broccoli and cabbage are all rich in vitamin D.
8. It is very important for an obstetrician to check the chest during the annual inspection, but you should also do a self-examination once a month. If you can, you'd better do a self-examination after each cycle. At that time, there is less estrogen in your body, so that your chest will not be swollen and sensitive. In the bathroom, you can wash your hands with soap, so that your fingers can be examined on your skin very cleanly. Draw a small circle with the abdomen of your finger, starting from the outer edge, and move all the way in until the nipple. At the same time, don't forget to check your armpits. If you find a lump, you should seek medical advice in time.
9. The change of nipple may be a disturbing signal. If axillary lymph node enlargement is detected, further verification is needed. If your skin turns red, yellow or thick, like orange peel, it may be a symptom of inflammatory cancer. Under the condition of constant weight, the change of overall chest size may be another abnormal performance.
10, the toxicity of eating barbecue food can be compared with smoking, and it is particularly harmful to the breast.
1 1. No matter what kind of contraceptives, they are basically hidden killers of breasts. The main components of oral contraceptives are estrogen and lutein. Lutein can cause water retention, and users usually gain significant weight. Estrogen in birth control pills can keep the estrogen level in the body high for a long time, which greatly increases the risk of breast cancer.
12, dieting to lose weight will cause the consumption of whole body fat, and breast fat will not be spared. Breasts will shrink rapidly with dieting, or become slack and droopy.
13, you can use hot compress bag, hot water bag or hot water bath to relieve breast pain. If cold and hot compress are used alternately, the effect of eliminating breast discomfort will be better.
14, castor oil can be used to press the chest. Castor oil contains a substance that can improve lymphocyte function, which can accelerate the recovery of various infections and relieve pain. Drop castor oil on the cotton cloth folded into four layers, so that it is covered with castor oil, but not too wet to avoid dripping everywhere. Apply this cloth to the breast, cover it with plastic film, and then put it in a hot compress bag. Adjust the hot compress bag to the heat you can bear, and apply it 1 hour.
15, breast care must be as early as possible. It is best to take care of yourself before the age of 25, and then go to a regular health center or hospital for breast care after the age of 25.
16, always keep the correct sitting and standing posture, and be sure to hold your head up and hold your chest high. Because containing the chest is the most harmful to the chest, because it oppresses the growth of the chest tissue and encroaches on its living space, it is easy to cause the chest to sag.
17, do simple chest exercises, put your hands together, slowly lift it, hold it for 10 second, and then slowly drop it to your chest. Repeat this for 5- 10 times, move up and down, and lift the chest muscles.
18. Hold the lower part of the breast alternately with both hands and palms, lift it gently, and then hold the outer side of the breast and push it inward to avoid sagging and swelling of the breast. Apply some olive oil or natural moisturizing lotion before massage to make the massage smoother and maintain the chest skin.
19. When taking a bath, the shower nozzle tilts at a 45-degree angle from bottom to top, and the lower part of the chest is washed and massaged alternately with hot and cold water to stimulate blood circulation in the chest.
20. You should completely give up coffee, soda, chocolate, ice cream, tea and caffeine-containing painkillers.