Human anatomy, referred to as anatomy for short, is a science that studies the morphological structure, main functions, occurrence and development of normal human bodies, and belongs to the category of morphology in biological sciences.
According to different research methods, anatomy can be divided into macroscopic visual anatomy and microscopic visual anatomy. Macro-anatomy is mainly to observe the morphological structure of human body with naked eyes, such as systematic anatomy and local anatomy. Microanatomy mainly uses a microscope to observe the morphological structure of the human body, such as cytology, embryology and histology.
Systematic anatomy is an anatomy that describes the morphological structure of human organs according to their functional systems. Generally speaking, anatomy refers to systematic anatomy.
Local anatomy is an anatomy that describes the morphological structure of various parts of the body from shallow to deep.
In addition, due to different research angles and purposes, human anatomy can be divided into several categories, such as surgical anatomy (or applied anatomy), body surface anatomy, X-ray anatomy, sectional anatomy, growth (or age) anatomy, artistic anatomy, functional anatomy, sports anatomy and so on.
Sports anatomy is mainly to analyze and study the morphological structure of human sports organs, the influence of exercise on human morphological structure and the anatomy to improve the efficiency of human sports.
Second, the position and role of human anatomy
1997, the curriculum plan of physical education specialty promulgated by the State Education Commission clearly stipulates that human anatomy is the main course of physical education specialty.
This course originated from medical human anatomy, but it is different from medical human anatomy. Its main functions are:
First, to train students to understand the morphological structure of human body from the perspective of historical materialism and dialectical materialism, improve their cultural quality, and have the scientific spirit of seeking truth from facts, independent thinking and innovation.
Second, provide students with knowledge of human anatomy for learning physical education. The main task of physical education major in colleges and universities in China is to train qualified physical education teachers. The object of physical education teacher education is students, which is to promote students' physical and mental health and improve their sports skills. It is not enough not to know the body structure. A qualified physical education teacher should not only teach students to master the movements of physical exercise, but also impart sports science knowledge and fitness principles in the process of exercise. For example, when exercising with a certain sport, which parts of the body participate in the sport, what impact it has on the body shape and structure, how to better develop the strength and extensibility of muscles, and carry out sports science research to determine reasonable sports technical movements, prevent sports injuries, create new sports techniques, and select athletes. , all need knowledge of human anatomy.
Third, lay the foundation of human body shape structure for the follow-up courses. The follow-up courses of human anatomy include sports biochemistry, sports physiology, sports health care, sports measurement and evaluation, and sports biomechanics. Based on the morphological structure of human body, these courses study the laws of material change, function, health care and mechanics of human body during exercise from their respective fields. Part of the contents of human anatomy and part of the above courses intersect and penetrate each other. For example, human anatomy mainly studies human structure, while exercise physiology mainly studies human function. Structure is the material basis of physiological function, and physiological function is the movement form of structure. If you don't know the structure of the human body, it's no use explaining the physiological function. It can be said that the study of human anatomy directly affects the quality of subsequent courses.