Medical expenditure refers to the expenses incurred in the treatment and treatment of diseases; Public health expenditure is the prevention, monitoring and treatment of major diseases, especially infectious diseases (such as tuberculosis, AIDS and SARS); Supervision and control of food, medicine, public health, health promotion, health education and immunization related expenses; Conceptually, it is very different.
Comparative static analysis is actually to find the optimal scale of government health expenditure by calculating various indicators related to government health expenditure and using transnational or cross-regional analogy methods. This method has been widely used in domestic and foreign literature, mainly because it is simple, the conclusion is clear at a glance, and it is very convincing to the general public and policy makers.
The nature of medical and health expenditure is that the public health field is a kind of pure public goods, which has great external effects, including the prevention of infectious and parasitic diseases in safe drinking water and the control of pathogen transmission media. The risk of disease is the hardest to know, and the insurance market is flawed. With the hierarchical tax-sharing financial system, the division of government expenditure responsibilities at all levels has changed, and the proportion of central financial expenditure in health expenditure has decreased year by year. The expenditure of local finance is increasing year by year, and the regional structure of public health expenditure is also unreasonable. The distribution of public expenditure in China tends to be rich in the region, and it is obviously inclined to the city between urban and rural areas.
Legal basis:
Budget Law of the People's Republic of China Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution for the purpose of regulating government revenue and expenditure, strengthening budget constraints, strengthening budget management and supervision, establishing and improving a comprehensive, standardized, open and transparent budget system, and ensuring healthy economic and social development.
Notice on Revising the Classification of Government Revenue and Expenditure in 2020: The financial departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with separate plans, the Finance Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, the Shanghai headquarters, branches and business management departments of the People's Bank of China, and the central sub-branches of provincial capitals and sub-provincial cities: According to the provisions of relevant documents on the fund management of special anti-epidemic bonds, the classification of government revenue and expenditure in 2020 is now revised.