(1) Contents of notification of occupational hazards. The employer's obligation to inform about occupational hazards is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) When signing a labor contract, inform the workers of possible occupational hazards and their consequences, occupational disease protection measures and treatment, etc.
(2) Through pre-job occupational health knowledge training, inform the workers what occupational hazards exist in this unit and how to prevent them.
(3) When using equipment that may cause occupational hazards, warning signs should be set up in the eye-catching position of the equipment, and alarm devices should be set up for toxic and harmful workplaces where acute occupational injuries may occur.
(4) Set up a bulletin board to inform the workers of the occupational health management system of the unit and the detection results of harmful factors of occupational diseases in the workplace.
(2) notice of labor contract. In order to safeguard workers' right to know about occupational hazards and protect workers' health, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases stipulates that when concluding a labor contract with workers (including employment contracts, the same below), the employer shall truthfully inform the workers of the occupational hazards and consequences, occupational disease protection measures and treatment that may occur in the course of work, which shall be stated in the labor contract and shall not be concealed. During the conclusion of a labor contract, if a worker engages in occupational hazards that are not informed in the concluded labor contract due to changes in his post or job content, the employer shall fulfill the obligation to truthfully inform the worker in accordance with the regulations and negotiate to change the relevant provisions of the original labor contract.
Some employers have occupational hazards such as dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful substances in the course of work. Units must truthfully inform workers of the types, degrees and consequences of occupational hazards they may come into contact with in the course of work through labor contracts, pre-job training, on-the-job training, announcements, etc., and provide occupational disease protection facilities and occupational disease protection articles for personal use, and must not conceal or deceive.
When signing a labor contract with a laborer, the employer regards occupational hazards as a necessary clause in the labor contract and informs the laborer. The contents of the notice include:
(a) the types and extent of occupational hazards that may be exposed in the process of labor.
② Harmful consequences.
(three) wages, post allowances and social insurance benefits for work-related injuries.
(4) Equipped with occupational disease protection facilities and occupational disease protection articles for personal use.
(5) Occupational disease prevention and control rules and regulations and operating procedures.
⑥ Occupational health knowledge training and education.
The employing unit shall truthfully inform the workers in written form and shall not conceal or deceive them. When signing a labor contract, the employer must fulfill the obligation to inform and protect the workers' right to know about occupational hazards.
If the employer fails to fulfill the obligation of informing when signing a labor contract with the employee or changing the employee's post and work content, or fails to inform by concealment or deception, the employee has the right to refuse to engage in the operation with occupational hazards, and the employer shall not terminate the labor contract concluded with the employee because of his refusal to engage in the operation with occupational hazards. If the laborer requests to terminate the labor contract, he may terminate the labor contract, and the employer shall not refuse. (3) Bulletin boards and warning notes on occupational hazards in the workplace.
(1) Occupational hazard bulletin board. The employing unit that produces occupational hazards shall set up a bulletin board in a prominent position to announce the rules and regulations, operating procedures, emergency rescue measures for occupational hazards and the detection results of occupational hazards in the workplace.
It is the premise for workers to realize the right to know about occupational health that employers fulfill the obligation to inform about occupational hazards. Only when the employer tells the occupational hazards truthfully can the workers really enjoy the right to know. Employers and workers have unequal knowledge of occupational hazards. The employer is in a strong and active position, and fully grasps the relevant information and knowledge of raw materials, processes, technologies and equipment, as well as the types, degree, consequences, protection status and related protection knowledge of occupational hazards existing or produced in the workplace. In contrast, workers are in a weak and passive position. If the employer does not inform, it will be difficult to realize the workers' right to know about occupational health.
Setting up a bulletin board in a conspicuous position is one of the forms for employers to inform about occupational hazards.
The setting of bulletin board should be: fixed position, where workers often go, conspicuous, easy to see, without any shelter.
(2) Occupational hazard warning signs and warning instructions. Employers with occupational hazards such as dust, radioactive substances and other toxic substances must set up corresponding warning signs, warning lines, warning signals, automatic alarm and communication alarm devices in the workplace.
Some jobs will cause serious occupational hazards, and warning signs and Chinese warning instructions should be set in their eye-catching positions. Warning instructions shall specify the types, consequences, prevention and emergency treatment measures of occupational hazards.
Warning notification is also a form for employers to fulfill their obligation to inform about occupational hazards.
It is particularly important and necessary to set up warning signs and instructions at work posts to inform and remind workers who often or accidentally work in these places.
Warning signs refer to signs prescribed by the state or commonly used internationally; Warning instructions shall specify the types and degrees of occupational diseases, possible harmful consequences, occupational disease prevention measures and precautions, emergency rescue measures, etc. These warning instructions must be in Chinese so that workers can know.
(4) Description and signs of occupational hazards.
① Equipment and materials with occupational hazards should have Chinese descriptions and warning signs. Many occupational hazards are closely related to the hazards directly caused by the equipment used. In order to make users, units and workers master the types of occupational diseases, the degree of harm, occupational disease protection measures and precautions, emergency rescue measures, etc. According to the law, equipment suppliers that may cause occupational hazards to the employer shall provide Chinese instructions and set warning signs and warning instructions in the eye-catching position of the equipment.
Chinese warning instructions shall specify the equipment performance, possible occupational hazards, precautions for safe operation and maintenance, health protection and emergency treatment measures.
② Notification card for occupational hazards of toxic substances. According to the actual needs, various graphic signs and characters are combined into a "toxic substance occupational hazard notification card". The notification card is a reminder card to inform workers of the harmful consequences and protective measures of an occupational disease hazard factor. (5) Types of warning signs.
① Safety color. Red, yellow, blue and green are the safety colors stipulated in China, and their meanings and uses are as follows:
Red stands for prohibition or stop, and is used for prohibition signs and stop signals, such as emergency stop handles or buttons on machines and vehicles, and places where people are forbidden to touch.
Yellow stands for warning notice, which is used for warning signs and warning signs, such as the warning line around dangerous equipment and pits in the factory, the center line of the carriageway, the inside of the gearbox on the machine, safety helmets, etc.
Blue stands for instructions or regulations that must be observed, and is used to indicate signs, such as wearing personal protective equipment and guiding the walking direction of vehicles and pedestrians.
Green represents the safety state and traffic, and is used to indicate signs, such as the safe passage in the workshop, the traffic signs for pedestrians and vehicles, the location of fire fighting and other protective devices, etc.
In order to make the safety color more eye-catching, use the contrast color as its contrast color. Black and white are contrasting colors, white is red, blue and green, and black is yellow.
Safety signs are composed of safety colors, setting graphics and graphic symbols representing specific safety information. The purpose is to draw people's attention to unsafe factors and prevent accidents.
② Warning signs. It is divided into warning signs, prohibition signs, prompt signs, indicating signs and warning lines.
1. Warning signs: The basic shape is a yellow equilateral triangle to remind people to pay attention to the surrounding environment and avoid possible dangers.
Second, no sign: the basic form is red circle with diagonal lines to prevent unsafe behavior.
3. Prompt signs: The basic forms are green squares and rectangles, which provide some information (such as indicating safety facilities or places).
Iv. Indicating sign: The basic form is blue circle, indicating that some action or protective measures must be taken, such as wearing safety helmet.
V. Warning line: The basic figure is a strip with logo color and contrast color, indicating the separation of workplace control area, supervision area or accident scene rescue.