The further development of capitalism and the process of population urbanization have brought a series of social and medical problems, such as the epidemic of infectious diseases, environmental sanitation, food hygiene, occupational diseases, maternal and child health care and so on. It is not enough to rely solely on the efforts of medical institutions or doctors, but must be controlled and solved by social means. We must shift from individual diagnosis and treatment to social prevention and control, from technical control to social control, reform the health system, promulgate social health laws and regulations, and formulate health laws to control the epidemic of infectious diseases and labor protection. 1847, the world's first health officer was established in Liverpool, England. The following year, the city of London appointed Simon (1816-1904) as the health officer. He specializes in food hygiene, housing and factory hygiene in London, and thinks that these factors are closely related to the health of British workers. In the investigation report "On Hygiene in London", he suggested setting up health inspection institutions, improving sewers, taking disease prevention as a national task, and requiring doctors to be responsible for people's health. Engels (1820. 1895) pointed out in the book "the situation of the British working class" that British industry developed on the basis of destroying workers' health. Workers' movement promoted the establishment of social health organizations and the gradual improvement of social health measures. 1848, the French doctor Gailin (180l-1886) first put forward the concept of social medicine. He advocated that the medical community should integrate scattered and uncoordinated medical supervision, public health and forensic medicine into a whole discipline, collectively called "social medicine". He divided social medicine into four parts: social physiology studies people's physical and mental state and its relationship with social systems, laws and customs; Social pathology studies the relationship between health and the occurrence and development of diseases and social problems; Social hygiene studies measures to improve health and prevent diseases; Social therapeutics studies the treatment measures to deal with abnormal social situations, including providing various social health measures.
/kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, due to the development of bacteriology, some medical scientists only paid attention to the pathogenic role of biological pathogens, while ignoring the role of social factors in disease and health. However, there are still many medical scientists who do not agree to simply exaggerate the pathogenic effects of biological pathogens. Norman, a German medical scientist, and Wilshaw, a pathologist, both emphasized the important role of socio-economic factors in health and diseases, and put forward the views that "the core of medicine is social science" and "medicine is social science, and any society should be responsible for residents' health". Wei Erxiao participated in the epidemiological investigation of typhus in Silesia, pointed out the social nature of the epidemic, and put forward the view that the epidemic of typhus can not be treated simply without social prevention. According to the theory of social science, German personality roters Young put forward a set of theories and concepts of social hygiene through investigation and study. In his book Social Pathology, he put forward the principle of studying human diseases from a social perspective, such as the social significance of diseases depends on the frequency of diseases; The deterioration of social conditions is helpful to directly cause diseases and affect the development of diseases; Diseases have a negative impact on social development; The success of medical treatment depends on social factors; Take social measures to treat and prevent diseases, and pay attention to the social and economic environment of patients. He also emphasized that statistics, demography, economics and sociology should be applied to social health surveys, and advocated that social health should be included in medical courses.