Lead: How much do you know about Fujian specialties? The following are my Fujian specialties, welcome to refer to them, and hope to help you.
What are the specialties in Fujian? Tieguanyin
Anxi is the main producing area of oolong tea in China, with a long history of growing tea, which was produced in the Tang Dynasty. Anxi has abundant rainfall, mild climate, overlapping mountains and many trees. It is full of clouds and beautiful scenery all year round, which is very suitable for the growth of tea trees. Moreover, through the efforts of tea people in past dynasties, a series of improved varieties of tea trees have been bred. At present, there are more than 60 fine varieties preserved in China, including Tieguanyin, Huang Dan, Benshan, Eriocheir sinensis, Oolong and Meizhan, which are all famous in China, so Anxi is known as the "treasure house of fine varieties of tea trees". Among many excellent varieties of tea trees, Tieguanyin is the best and most famous one.
Tieguanyin, an excellent tea variety, has little potential, spreading branches, dark green leaves, soft and plump leaves and full buds. Oolong tea made from the bud leaves of Tieguanyin is also called Tieguanyin. Therefore, "Tieguanyin" is not only the name of tea varieties, but also the name of tea.
Tieguanyin originated in Xiping Township, Anxi County, with a history of more than 200 years. There are two historical legends about the origin of Tieguanyin varieties in Anxi. Yin Wei, a tea farmer in Xiping, had a dream that Guanyin Bodhisattva gave him a tea tree and dug it up and planted it. On the other hand, there was a man named Wang Shirang in Yaoyang, Anxi, who picked leaves from a tea tree to make tea for the emperor, who named it Tieguanyin.
The processing technology of Tieguanyin tea is quite special, not picking very tender bud leaves, but picking 2? Leaves, commonly known as "open-faced picking", refer to picking when the leaves are all spread out and form buds. The collected fresh leaves are fresh and complete, and then they are cooled, dried and shaken (turned green) until they release natural floral fragrance. When the fragrance is strong, they are fried, twisted and wrapped (rolled with cotton cloth) to make the tea leaves roll into particles, and then baked with slow fire. After making raw tea, it is screened, winnowed, picked, evenly piled and packaged to make commercial tea.
Tieguanyin is the best oolong tea. Its quality characteristics are: the tea strips are curly, round, thick and even, with sand-green color, and the overall shape is like dragonfly head, snail body and frog leg. After brewing, the soup is golden and rich as amber, with natural and rich orchid fragrance, mellow and sweet taste, and has a long history of returning to Gansu, commonly known as "rhyme". Tieguanyin tea has a high and lasting aroma, which can be described as "seven bubbles are more fragrant".
To drink Tieguanyin tea, you must have a small and exquisite tea set, and the teapot and teacup should be small. Put the tea in the teapot until it is full for five minutes. Wash the tea leaves with boiling water, add water for 2-3 minutes, and pour into a small cup to drink. You can continue to brew with water afterwards. When drinking Tieguanyin, smell its fragrance first, and then taste it. Although the amount of drinking is not much, the aroma is overflowing and the aftertaste is endless.
Wuyi Yancha
Wuyi Rock Tea is the best oolong tea in China, which is produced in Wuyishan area in northern Fujian Province. One of the top ten famous teas in China.
There are many cliffs in Wuyi Mountain. Tea farmers use caves, crevices and crevices to build stone dikes along the border to grow tea, which is called "potted" tea garden. There is a saying that "there is tea in the rock, but there is no tea in the rock", hence the name of rock tea. Wuyi Rock Tea is mainly divided into two producing areas: Yanming producing area and Yan Dan producing area.
Rock tea is famous for Dahongpao, Baijiguan, Luohan and Shuigui. Other varieties include melon seeds, golden keys and half-day waist.
Oolong tea produced in Wuyishan is commonly known as Wuyi Rock Tea. Due to different tea producing areas, there are Yanzheng tea, Banyan tea and Zhoucha. Yanzheng tea refers to the tea produced in the center of Wuyi rock vein, with excellent quality, mellow taste and distinct rock rhyme. Semi-rock tea refers to tea produced on the edge of Wuyishan, and its rock rhyme is slightly inferior to Yanzheng tea. Zhoucha generally refers to the tea produced on both sides of Wuyiyan, which is of low quality.
Wuyishan is located in the southeast foot of the northern section of Wuyishan in Fujian, covering an area of 70 square kilometers, and has the reputation of "a must in the southeast". The mountains are connected, the valleys are vertical and horizontal, and the Jiuqu River is entangled in them. The climate is mild, warm in winter and cool in summer, with abundant rainfall. The annual rainfall is about 2000 mm, which is a typical Danxia landform with many cliffs. Tea farmers use caves, crevices and crevices to build stone dikes along the border to grow tea, which is called "potted" tea garden. It became the saying that "there is tea in the rock, but there is no tea in the rock", hence the name of rock tea. According to different growth conditions, there are normal rock, semi-rock and continental tea. The quality of Yan Zheng is the most famous. It is produced in Huiyuan Pit, Niulan Pit, Dakengkou, Liuxiang Creek and Wuyuan Creek at higher altitudes. Known as "three pits and two streams", it has excellent quality, rich fragrance and mellow taste. Semi-rock tea is also called Xiaoyan tea. It is produced in Qingshiyan, Bishiyan, Matouyan, Shizikou and Jiuquxi, and its altitude is below Sandakeng, second only to Yan Zheng. The tea produced by Chongxi and Huangbaixi in the sandy soil tea garden on both sides of Wuyi Rock Painting is Zhoucha.
Wuyi rock tea is oolong tea, which belongs to semi-fermented green tea. The green leaves are inlaid with red edges, and the shape is gorgeous; Deep orange, bright yellow, soup color like agate; The rock rhyme is mellow and the flowers are pleasant; Fresh, sweet and long aftertaste. Both the sweetness of black tea and the fragrance of green tea. It is a treasure in "live, sweet, clear and fragrant" tea. Wuyi Rock Tea has fragrant leaves, sweet throat, yellow soup color, bright leaves and red leaves. After seven soaks, it smells fragrant, which makes people dump and sells well at home and abroad.
Wuyi Rock Tea has a standardized national standard GB/T 18745-2006, which strictly stipulates its origin in terms of scope, classification, requirements, inspection methods, inspection rules, signs, labels, transportation, storage and product quality. Only oolong tea grown in Wuyishan City, Fujian Province and processed by unique traditional techniques is called Wuyi Rock Tea. The products of Wuyi Rock Tea are divided into five types: Dahongpao, Mingshan, Cinnamon, Narcissus and Odd Species. Among them, Dahongpao is the most valuable.
Yongchun vinegar
Yongchun mature vinegar is made from high-quality glutinous rice, red yeast, sesame and sugar according to a certain formula. Its brewing technology is unique. Vinegar is brown-black, strong acid is not astringent, sour and slightly sweet, mellow and refreshing, refreshing aftertaste, and long-term storage does not rot. Tongjiang Jiangsu Zhenjiang balsamic vinegar, Sichuan Baoning vinegar and Shanxi mature vinegar are also famous.
In the past, this kind of vinegar was brewed by rich folk secrets, and some of it was given to relatives and friends as treasures. An altar of old vinegar at home is often aged over the years. A hundred years later, it is a symbol of good luck. There are not many as commodities.
1954 You Yangzu, patriotic overseas Chinese and vice chairman of the All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese, and the county people's government jointly invested in Yongchun Winery. 1958, the winery was expanded into a brewery. On the basis of absorbing the traditional folk vinegar brewing technology, the formula and technology were improved to make the quality of mature vinegar better and double the output. 1960 was officially named Narcissus Yongchun Vinegar, which was exported by the Ministry of Foreign Trade.
Yongchun Vinegar was awarded the title of high-quality product by the Ministry of Light Industry, selected for exhibition in the 4th Asia-Pacific International Trade Expo, and won the gold medal in the 1st China Food Expo.
Tremella Gutian
Tremella fuciformis, as a traditional health food, contains seven essential amino acids, and its nutritional structure with high protein and low fat conforms to the consumption trend of modern people. At present, more than 80% tremella in domestic and international markets is produced in Gutian County, Fujian Province, the hometown of edible fungi. 1998, the output of edible fungi in Gutian reached 18000 tons (dry products), with a total output value of nearly 420 million yuan, including 8000 tons of tremella.
The development of edible fungi industry in Gutian county has improved people's food structure and is a great contribution to mankind. However, in order to make tremella white and brittle and prolong the shelf life, in the early 1990s, some processors fumigated tremella sporadically with sulfur, initially on the roof platform, and then gradually moved to farmers' own responsibility fields or rented responsibility fields. Sulfur dioxide and other gases produced in the process of sulfur fumigation have caused certain pollution to the surrounding air, which has brought certain influence to the production and life of the surrounding people. 1February 26, 1998, 65438, CCTV's "Focus Interview" column reported the problem of environmental pollution caused by the smoking and whitening processing of Gutian tremella, which aroused strong repercussions in the society and attracted great attention from provincial and local leaders. A special investigation team was sent to Gutian County to conduct a special investigation. The Gutian County Party Committee and the county government took timely measures to seriously revise and protect the healthy development of the edible fungus industry, and the county completely stopped the sulfur fumigation process.
Yongchun citrus
Yongchun citrus is one of the traditional famous specialties in Yongchun County, Fujian Province, and it is also the main variety developed and produced in Yongchun. Yongchun citrus has the characteristics of large and straight fruit shape, orange color, thin peel, juicy pulp, crisp and sweet taste, unique flavor and rich in vitamins. , enjoys a high reputation in domestic and foreign markets. Citrus is exported to Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and other countries and regions 10, and is known as "Oriental Good Fruit".
Taizishen Zherong
Pseudostellaria heterophylla is a Dianthus plant. Dry the root tuber. Location: Fujian, Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui and other places. Among them, Radix Pseudostellariae produced in Zherong County, Fujian Province is the most famous. 1985 was officially listed in China Pharmacopoeia. Pseudostellaria heterophylla has the effects of invigorating qi, strengthening spleen, promoting fluid production and moistening lung. Clinically, it is often used for spleen deficiency and physical weakness, anorexia, physical weakness after illness, spontaneous sweating and thirst, lung dryness and dry cough. In recent years, with the development of functional health products of Radix Pseudostellariae, folk medicinal drinks and meals of Radix Pseudostellariae are widely used, and the market demand of Radix Pseudostellariae as functional food is increasing year by year.
"Zherong Pseudostellaria heterophylla" is a famous medicinal material in China, which is well-known at home and abroad because of its yellow color, fat root and strong smell. The price of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in the main Chinese medicinal materials market is measured by the price of "Zherong Pseudostellaria heterophylla", which is dominant in the domestic medicinal materials market.
Fuding white tea
Fuding white tea is produced in Taimu Mountain, Fuding. According to legend, Taimu Mountain was called Caishan in ancient times. During the reign of Emperor Yao (2358-2257 BC), 10 people lived here, taking orchids as their profession, being charitable and winning the hearts of the people. The green snow bud tea planted in Taimu Mountain was used as a holy medicine to treat measles and saved many children. People are grateful, regard her as a god and call her Taimushan. Therefore, this mountain was named Taimu Mountain.
Xinghua rice noodle
Xinghua rice noodle is one of the top ten city business cards in Putian with a long history. Its origin can be traced back to the Song Dynasty, and it is one of the earliest fast food in China. High-quality rice is selected and refined by traditional technology. Its finished product is as thin as silk, white and transparent, uniform and tough, and has excellent texture. There are Xinghua refined rice noodles, silver silk rice noodles, instant rice noodles and coarse rice noodles. It is convenient to eat, widely known, can be washed and fried, and is suitable for all ages. It has a good therapeutic effect on patients with colds, appendicitis and diabetes, and is a good gift. Deeply loved by overseas Chinese. Known far and wide.
fuzhou jasmine tea
Fuzhou is the birthplace of jasmine tea, which has a history of nearly a thousand years. Jasmine is one of the four sacred flowers in Buddhism. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the introduction of Buddhism into Fuzhou, a Buddhist country in the southeast, Fuzhou gradually became the jasmine capital. Due to the popularity of aromatherapy in Song Dynasty, Chinese medicine has fully understood the health care function of tea and jasmine, and Fuzhou jasmine tea was produced in this environment. Many historical materials in Song Dynasty recorded the process of picking, making and appreciating jasmine tea in Fuzhou. During the Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty, Fuzhou jasmine tea, as a royal tribute tea, began to be commercialized on a large scale. In China Famous Tea Records, Fuzhou Jasmine Tea is the only famous historical tea in China. Since the founding of New China, Fuzhou Jasmine Tea has been used for national foreign affairs ceremonies. Before the reform and opening up, all the jasmine teas exported from China were produced in Fuzhou. Bing Xin once wrote: "China is the first country in the world to discover and utilize tea, and it is the hometown of tea. My hometown, Fujian, is both a tea town and the hometown of jasmine tea. Before liberation, although Sichuan, Hubei, Guangdong and Taiwan Province provinces also produced jasmine tea, their varieties and brewing techniques were all transmitted from Fujian. " .
Baiyaqilan tea
White bud orchid is named because of its obvious bud tip and leaves spreading like "bamboo leaf orchid", and the finished tea has unique aroma characteristics of "orchid". It is a new variety in the development and evolution of oolong tea, and it is a rare and excellent variety successfully selected from the local Lanqi tea population by scientific and technological personnel and tea farmers in Pinghe County after more than ten years' efforts. White bud orchid tea has compact structure, well-balanced proportion, red-green leaves, dark green and oily, Gao Shuang aroma, outstanding variety fragrance, orchid-like fragrance, refreshing and delicate taste, bright orange color, soft and bright leaves and unique mountain rhyme. Drinking White Bud Lanqi Tea regularly has the effects of refreshing, relieving alcoholism and depression, lowering blood pressure and preventing cancer, losing weight and fitness, relieving summer heat, promoting fluid production and promoting blood circulation, and prolonging life. If you make tea with Pinghe Sanping mineral water or natural spring water, you will feel relaxed and happy, just like the realm of "five bowls of bone-clearing and six bowls of fairy spirit" described by Jews in Tang poetry.
Geographical environment introduces the field of location.
Fujian is located in the southeast of China, on the coast of the East China Sea. Its land area is between 23 33 ′ and 28 20 ′ north latitude and between 65 438+065 438+05 50 ′ and 65 438+020 40 ′ east longitude. It is separated from Taiwan Province Strait in the east, facing Taiwan Province Province, adjacent to Zhejiang Province in the northeast, crossing Wuyishan in the northwest and bordering Jiangxi Province in the southwest. The land area of the province is 6,543.8+240,000 square kilometers, and the sea area is 6,543.8+360,000 square kilometers.
topography
The mountains and hills in Fujian are towering and continuous, and valley basins are interspersed among them. Mountainous hills account for more than 80% of the total area of the province, and are known as "eight mountains, one water and one field". The terrain is generally high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and the cross section is slightly saddle-shaped. Due to the control of Neocathaysian structure, the mountains in western Fujian and the mountains in central Fujian were formed in the western and central parts of the province. The two mountains are separated by valleys and basins, with hills, terraces and coastal plains on the east coast.
The land coastline is 3752 kilometers long, mainly for erosion coast, followed by accumulation coast, and the coastline is very tortuous. The tidal flat in intertidal zone covers an area of about 200,000 hectares, and the sediments are mainly silt, silt or sand mud. There are many harbors, including Shacheng Port, Sandu 'ao, Luoyuan Bay, Meizhou Bay, Xiamen Port and Dongshan Bay from north to south. There are 1500 islands scattered all over the country. Pingtan Island is now the largest island in the province. Xiamen Island, Dongshan Island and other original islands have built seawalls to connect with the land, forming a peninsula.
climate
Fujian is near the Tropic of Cancer. Affected by monsoon circulation and topography, it forms a warm and humid subtropical maritime monsoon climate with abundant heat. The accumulated temperature of 70%≥ 10℃ in the whole province is between 5000-7600℃, with abundant rainfall and sunshine. Annual average temperature 17-2 1℃, average rainfall.
There are great regional differences in climate. The southeast coast of Fujian belongs to the tropical climate of South Asia, and the tropical climate of northeast Fujian, north Fujian and west Fujian belongs to the tropical climate of Central Asia. The vertical differentiation of hydrothermal conditions in each climatic zone is also obvious.
river system
Fujian has a dense water system and numerous rivers, with a river network density of 0. 1km/km2. Except Jiaoxi (Saijiang) originated in Zhejiang and Tingjiang flowed into Guangdong, all the other rivers in the province originated in China and entered the sea in this province. There are 683 rivers with a basin area of more than 50 square kilometers, including 5 rivers with a basin area of more than 5,000 square kilometers, namely Minjiang River, Jiulong River, Jinjiang River, Jiaoxi River and Tingjiang River. Minjiang River is the largest river in the province, with a total length of 577 kilometers, an average annual runoff of 57.578 billion cubic meters and a drainage area of 60,992 square kilometers, accounting for about half of the province's area. As a mountain river, its riverbed gradient is large and its hydraulic resources are abundant, ranking first in East China.
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