Beauty knowledge Beauty skin care facial dermatology is a homework that women must do every day. Skin care is not just about applying a little skin care products, but also needs to develop some good habits and know skin care tips. The following is the beauty knowledge of facial dermatology, welcome to read.
Beauty knowledge facial dermatology 1 1, skin structure
Skin is divided into three layers from outside to inside: epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
Second, the stratification and function of epidermis
1, stratum corneum: it can resist friction and prevent the leakage of body fluids and the invasion of chemicals.
The stratum corneum is too thin, the skin is sensitive and prone to pigmentation.
If the stratum corneum is too thick, the skin will lose its luster and appear rough, which will also affect the absorption of skin care products.
The stratum corneum contains NMF, a natural moisturizing factor of epidermis, which can maintain 20-30% moisture of epidermis.
2. Transparent layer: It can prevent the penetration of moisture, electrolyte and chemicals, so it is also called barrier zone. Only the parts with thick cuticle, such as palm and sole, have this layer.
3, granular layer: it has the function of refracting sunlight, granular layer cells are afraid of acid and alkali, and wash their faces with mild facial cleanser.
4. Spinal layer: It is the thickest layer in the epidermis, with the highest water content, which transports nutrients to the epidermis and nourishes it.
5. Basal layer: composed of basal cells and melanocytes. Basal cells are the biochemical sources of cells in all layers of epidermis. The cells in this layer continue to divide, gradually move upward, keratinize and deform, form cells in other layers of epidermis, and finally keratinize and fall off. The whole process takes 28 days, which is called skin metabolism.
Melanin secreted by melanocytes determines the color of skin.
Third, the dermis
The upper layer is the papillary layer, also known as the superficial dermis; Its lower layer is reticular layer, also called deep dermis, and there is no strict boundary between them.
There are three kinds of dermal fiber connective tissues: collagen fiber, elastic fiber and reticular fiber. They are composed of collagen, which determines the elasticity of skin.
Collagen is the moisture storehouse of dermis, and the moisture content of dermis accounts for 60% of all skin.
Four, the auxiliary organs of the skin (hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nails)
1, hair follicle: composed of hair, pores, excretory ducts and hairy muscles.
2. Sebaceous gland: It has the function of secreting oil. Sebaceous glands are connected with hair follicles, and the secreted oil is discharged from excretory ducts and pores. Sebaceous glands in the human body are mostly distributed in the head and face.
3, sweat glands:
Apocrine gland I is connected with hair follicle, and sweat is discharged from excretory duct, which is mainly located in axilla, areola, umbilical fossa, perianal region and external genitalia. It is easy to be infected by bacteria and produce peculiar smell, but it does not have the function of regulating body temperature.
Eccrine gland I has the functions of regulating body temperature, softening cuticle and sterilizing, and directly enters sweat pores on the skin surface and spreads all over the body.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) sebum membrane
Sweat and oil emulsify on the skin surface to form sebum film.
The protective effect of sebum membrane on skin;
1, maintaining the weak acidic environment on the skin surface.
Step 2 Reflect ultraviolet rays
Step 3 moisturize the skin
4. Balance and buffer the invasion of acid and alkali.
5, to prevent the skin surface moisture loss.
For dry skin with incomplete sebum membrane, you need to add some oil, such as night cream.
Six, subcutaneous tissue
Commonly known as the fat layer, the thickness of the fat layer varies with age, location and health. Store energy to soften facial curves.
Seven, the way of skin nutrition.
1, internal absorption
As soon as food is nourished, capillaries and dermis penetrate into the epidermis.
Capillary transports nutrients from blood to dermis, and then permeates from dermis to epidermis, providing nutrition for skin.
2. External absorption
Apply cosmetics to the skin surface.
1, absorbed through pores and sweat pores.
2. Osmotic absorption between epidermal cells
3. Osmotic absorption of epidermal cell membrane
Skin has a barrier function, which can prevent the loss of water, electrolyte and other substances in the body; And prevent the invasion of harmful substances from the outside.
Facial Dermatology of Beauty Knowledge 2 1, What is skin?
The first thing to know is what skin is. Skin is the outermost organ of human body, covering the surface of human body, protecting human body from all kinds of external stimuli (mechanical, physical and chemical) and various microorganisms (bacteria and viruses), and it is the first natural barrier of skin. Healthy skin is a mirror that reflects the internal health of the body. Correct skin care requires a certain understanding of skin structure.
2, the structure of the skin and the affiliated organs of the skin.
Understand the structure of skin. The skin consists of epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue and skin appendages, which are connected with the underlying tissues.
Epidermis: Epithelial tissue, located in the outermost layer of skin, is the gateway to daily contact with the outside world and the use part of cosmetics. The epidermis can be divided into five layers from outside to inside: stratum corneum, transparent layer, granular layer, prickly layer and basal layer.
Dermal: Belonging to connective tissue, it is located under the epidermis and interlaced with canine teeth of the epidermis. Dermal is mainly composed of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers and matrix, which plays a decisive role in the elasticity and luster of skin.
Subcutaneous tissue: also known as subcutaneous fat layer, its thickness is related to people's nutritional status, gender, age and location. People's fatness mainly depends on the amount of subcutaneous fat.
Skin accessory organ
Sweat glands: one is eccrine glands, which secrete sweat and moisturize the skin without chapping; One is apocrine gland, the secretion is sticky, the secretion itself has no smell, and the bacteria have a smell after decomposition, commonly known as body odor.
Sebaceous glands: Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, which can lubricate skin and hair, but excessive secretion in some parts can easily lead to acne, dermatitis and seborrheic alopecia.
Hair: hair grows on the surface of human body except palm and sole; Hair consists of keratinized epidermal cells, which are divided into two parts: hair shaft and hair root. The cross section of hair can be divided into three layers from the outside to the inside, namely epidermis layer, fur layer and hair pulp. Hair epidermis is composed of transparent keratinocytes arranged in scales, also called hair protective film, which can make hair shiny; Both cortical and medullary cells contain pigment particles, and the color of hair depends on the content of pigment particles.
3. The basic function of the skin
Barrier function, sensory function, temperature regulation function, absorption function, excretion function and participation in respiratory movement function.
4. Basic types of skin
As a beautician, you will often come into contact with different types of skin, but it is also essential to know some basic skin types. Life beauty divides skin into neutral skin, dry skin, oily skin, mixed skin, sensitive skin and problem skin.
5, the basic principles of skin care
People's aging is inevitable, but it is possible to delay aging and retain youth. Pay attention to keep optimistic interest, ensure adequate sleep, drink more water, eat more fruits and vegetables, and learn to relax yourself. Are the key to delaying skin aging.
It is naturally important to maintain the beauty of skin and good living habits, but reasonable care is also essential. Here we focus on the basic principles of skin care:
(1) Keep your skin clean. This is the foundation of skin care. Usually, you can choose suitable cleaning products such as cleaning cream and facial cleanser, but you must pay attention to cleaning your face in the right way.
(2) Promote skin metabolism. In daily life, massage can deliver enough nutrition and moisture to the skin to promote blood circulation and metabolism of the whole face. At the same time, massage can also open some occluded capillaries in skin muscles and increase muscle elasticity and tension.
(3) Enhance skin resistance and protect skin from various factors. Sebum membrane is a natural barrier to protect skin. It is an important principle to keep the sebum membrane in a normal state. Cosmetic emulsion for daily use is made by imitating the function of sebum membrane. Such emulsion is considered as a supplement to sebum membrane, which can supplement the deficiency of sebum membrane and enhance the resistance of skin. It should be pointed out that the PH value of facial cleaning products must be compatible with sebum membrane, otherwise it will damage sebum membrane.
Facial dermatology with beauty knowledge 3 10 skin care skills!
1, cosmetics are divided into men and women.
In addition to women's skin care, men are paying more and more attention to skin care now, but skin care products are actually unisex. This is because the skin pores of boys are larger than those of girls, and the oil secretion is relatively strong. Moreover, the stratum corneum of boys is thicker, which is not as allergic as girls' skin. Therefore, the choice of skin care products should be based on skin quality.
2. Choose skin care products according to skin age.
Many girls choose skin care products according to their age. But the applicable age in skin care products refers to the skin age of the skin. Some girls are in their thirties, and their skin is tender, smooth and fair, without wrinkles. And some girls are only in their early 20 s, and their skin is sallow and dull. Therefore, the choice of skin care products should be based on skin age.
Expensive skin care products are good for your skin, because all good ingredients are expensive, but if they are not suitable for your skin, it is easy to backfire and hurt your skin. I didn't understand this knowledge before, but I met a skin care expert Duanmu Zixu on the Internet. He also helped me diagnose the skin code, adjusted the skin care plan, and repaired the sensitive muscles on my face. It's really amazing. I still learn skin care knowledge from him from time to time. For young ladies with problem skin, it will be very helpful for you to find him. If you have any questions, you can find Duanmu Zixu online and ask him directly. Being beautiful as soon as possible is the best choice.
3, sun protection should not be forgotten
Sunscreen is the most indispensable thing all year round. You should know that ultraviolet radiation will not only precipitate melanin, but also easily lead to skin aging. So if you want to keep your age, you can't ignore sun protection.
4. In addition to outdoor, indoor sun protection is also indispensable.
Many people think that there is no need for sun protection indoors, but even if there is a glass barrier, long-wave ultraviolet rays will penetrate the glass and irradiate human skin, which will cause harm to the skin for a long time.
5, hydrating is the only effect of the mask.
There are all kinds of masks on the market now, but in fact, the real function of masks is to replenish water, and other functions are just an illusion, which will soon be returned to its original shape. When the face is short of water, you may wish to apply a mask to replenish water in time.
6. You can't use the mask every day.
Although the mask has a good hydrating effect, it can't be used every day. Too much essence in the mask will make the skin sensitive and fragile.
7, homemade mask is not necessarily good.
Many people like to use homemade masks such as cucumber, milk and honey, but they can't guarantee safety in the production process. You know, these foods are easy to get bacteria when they come into contact with air, so putting this on your face will do harm to your skin.
8. Cream is not everything.
Although the cream can isolate makeup, ultraviolet rays and so on. , is not everything, such as dust, computer radiation, etc. Or can't really be isolated.
9, excessive cleaning of the skin
Many people always feel that there are many dirty things on their faces, so they over-clean their skin. But long-term deep cleaning will damage the skin, especially the stratum corneum. It is suggested that deep cleaning once a week 1-2 times is enough.
10, exfoliating frequently.
Excessive exfoliation will make the cuticle of the skin thinner and make the skin sensitive and fragile, especially for girls with thin cuticle. Excessive exfoliation is not recommended.