Confucius said, "Who can't leave the house? He Mo You, Ye Tao? "
Vernacular translation
The ancient "Hu" shape is like a door. Its original meaning refers to a single door, which is extended from the original meaning to the entrance and exit of the house. The traditional Chinese character of the door is "door", which means left and right doors. This door is the door. Get out, get out, get out. In the ancient palace system, the outer half is a hall and the inner half is a room. The room has a south wall, an account is opened on the east side, and you can go out of the hall. The master said, "Who can walk out of the room without going through the door?" ? Who can stand in the way and not take this road? "
Connotation understanding
First, the avenue of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is invisible.
Jing Qing Jing, an important Taoist self-cultivation reader, begins with the following words: "Avenue is invisible, giving birth to heaven and earth; The avenue is ruthless, and the sun and the moon run; The avenue is nameless and everything grows; I don't know its name, it's better than words. " The Tao described here is invisible and ubiquitous, but its power can "run the sun and moon and nourish everything." See, hear, smell, see, hear and touch, but it is true. In order to help people understand it, study it, master it and use it, Lao Tzu reluctantly named it "Tao". This is recorded in Historical Records and Family Instructions of Confucius. Confucius once asked Laozi and admired his knowledge. He even compared Laozi to a "dragon" and praised his unfathomable knowledge. Taoism in Laozi and Zhuangzi advocates the way of nature and emphasizes the inaction of heaven, while Confucianism advocates the way of a gentleman. However, this is still an abstract concept, which is rarely understood by ordinary people. For example, Zi Gong said that "the nature of Confucius' words and the nature of heaven cannot be obtained but heard", so it is difficult to hear Confucius' Taoist theory. It's not that the master won't say it, but because few people can understand it, so the master won't say it. It's called stinking. But Confucius loves the world and especially wants to help everyone learn the way of being a gentleman and understand the truth of life. Therefore, the master uses stories or things that can be seen and touched in life to illustrate the road that people should follow. For example, the first two chapters tell the story of Mencius' rebellion, which leads to the gentleman's humility. By analyzing the beauty of the Song Dynasty and the beauty of the Song Dynasty, it is likened to a way for a gentleman to stay away from harm in a world of broken rituals and broken music. This chapter, from the simple truth of life, leads to "why not follow the Tao", and everything should follow the Tao and follow the Tao. Commenting on this chapter, Master Yan Yi said: "The Tao cannot be separated for a moment, but it is believed. Why does the world get used to it, but don't know its daily use? "Tao is around, touching it every day, and the world doesn't know it, and he doesn't know it. And those who are truly conscious have no problems in their daily lives. " Learning and daily use refer to what he can really do in his daily life. A saint can "do what he wants without overstepping the bounds" ("The Analects of Confucius for Politics"), "take pains without making progress, take the middle road calmly" (the golden mean), and never leave the aisle for a moment. Since people need to go through the door when they leave the room, this principle should be followed in all kinds of things in life.
Second, the way of a gentleman.
Human nature is the law of interpersonal relationship, which is easy for everyone to understand. It emphasizes the law of interpersonal relationship. The Doctrine of the Mean says that "the friendship between monarch and minister, father and son, husband and wife, brother Kun and friends is the best in the world." Da Dao, what did Da say? According to Zheng Kangcheng, a Confucian scholar in the Han Dynasty, "Great men always go, but a hundred kings remain the same." Always do it, always say it is eternal, do it according to this, and keep doing it. What do you usually do? Go five ways forever! No matter what changes of the times we human beings have experienced, no matter which hemisphere we live in, no matter what lifestyle we have, we can't live without these five ethics. As Mr. Chen Hongmou said in the Qing Dynasty, "There is no one outside, so there is no learning outside." It is impossible for a person to say that there is no one outside the five ethics. He must have been born in this five ethics relationship. Principles generally refer to the three cardinal principles and the five permanent members. The core content of these three programs is to ask father, husband and king to set an example, take the right path and set an example. It is often the five permanent members, benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. What are all these? Normal and healthy interpersonal relationships and our own normal words and deeds. It is not normal if it does not conform to the law of human relations. Like the five permanent members, benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faithfulness, it is not normal if they are unkind, rude, ignorant and untrustworthy. If people are abnormal and society is abnormal, there will be a crisis. A gentleman is the pillar of society and an example for the world to learn from. If a gentleman can be selfless and follow the ethical path, the social atmosphere will be harmonious and beautiful. If the superior person doesn't follow the rules, he will abandon morality, and by hook or by crook, the social atmosphere will become corrupt. Therefore, under any circumstances, a gentleman should adhere to the right path and serve others with virtue, so as to adhere to the right path and make due contributions to society.
Third, what is the right path on earth?
"If you don't leave sunshine avenue, you will go to hell to vote." Confucius asked with the rhetorical question "Why don't you know what to do?". He lamented why so many people want to go astray. After the last chapter, Confucius analyzed the beauty of Zhu Tang and Song, reminding gentlemen to pay attention to the harm of the whole body in troubled times. Perhaps a gentleman can understand Confucius' words and "protect himself with wisdom" (Book of Songs); The villain focuses on short-term interests, and when he sees the status and fame brought by eloquence and beauty, he can't help but envy and flock to it.
For example, an enterprise should abide by the law, provide excellent products for the society and contribute to the prosperity of the country. This is the bright road. But there are also enterprises, for the sake of profit, forget the corporate ethics, and even make acts that endanger the people. For example, in 2008, in order to reduce the cost of milk powder, Sanlu Group mixed toxic melamine, which caused great harm and even death to children. After inspection by the national quality supervision department, melamine was detected in 69 batches of products from 22 manufacturers including Guangdong Yashili, Inner Mongolia Yili, Mengniu Group, Qingdao Shengyuan, Shanghai Panda and Jiangxi Guangming Dairy Hero Brand, and domestic milk powder enterprises were almost wiped out. "If you come out to mix, you have to pay back." Since then, domestic milk powder has never recovered. After more than ten years, consumers are still worried about domestic milk powder, and the lesson is still painful. Kazuo inamori, a famous Japanese entrepreneur, said in his book The Way of Thinking: "We must stick to the right path and do things sincerely. Don't please others, don't be tactful, don't compromise at will, and lose principle. " When faced with the difficulty of choice, kazuo inamori would ask himself a simple question, "What is right as a human being", so he resisted the temptation to do the opposite. After more than 50 years of entrepreneurship, we still stick to the right path after vicissitudes. Although his sales have fallen sharply, he has never lost money. The two companies he founded have both become Fortune 500 companies. For another example, many teenagers dream of becoming online celebrities and stars, hoping to become famous overnight, gain wealth and success, and even take risks by hook or by crook. Ten years ago, Zhao Lihua, a famous poet and national first-class writer, revealed that a post-90s actress knocked on the director and producer's door in the middle of the night, and her father actually supported her daughter to hide, which had no moral bottom line at all. Rene Liu, a famous movie star, was still unknown at the age of 24 and met Zhang Aijia, a famous director in Taiwan Province. As it happens, Zhang Aijia is preparing a movie "Little Women Fishing", attracted by Rene Liu's simple eyes and simple temperament, and decides to let Rene Liu play the heroine, requiring some scenes to be completely nude. Between "taking off is red" and sitting on the bench, many people will choose the sword to go sideways. Rene Liu thought for a long time, decided that he would rather be an ordinary person than take the right path, and refused the opportunity to become a celebrity. Finally, Zhang Aijia agreed to her plan, and Rene Liu won the Best Actress in the Asia-Pacific Film Festival and became the best actress. Because she insisted on the right path, she commented on the Internet: "Red is earlier than milk tea and longer than milk tea".
How to stick to the right path when using it now?
A sentence in Tao Te Ching, "Learning is getting worse and worse", clearly points out the direction of our efforts. The more you learn, the more you learn There is no denying that the choice of life path is more diverse, complicated and wise than entering the door. Learning from sages and walking with classics is the best way to grow up. The Doctrine of the Mean says to be "knowledgeable, interrogative, thoughtful, discerning and faithful" and carries forward that "a person has done everything he can; With the spirit of "being able to do this, even stupidity is wisdom, even softness is strength", we have long insisted on being diligent and inquisitive, and devoted ourselves to practice. No matter how stupid a person is, he will understand where the right way is, and his heart will become strong and willing to stick to it. Because I lost this road. We often make mistakes because we are driven by our own greed. Can people who desperately deal with desires every day have a normal heart? Can you keep a clear head and choose the right path? The answer is no, Wang Yangming said: "We study hard, and we only want to decrease day by day, not increase day by day. If a man's desire is reduced by one point, justice will be recovered by one point. How easy and simple it is "(Biography of Xue Kan). Only by reducing desire can we feel calm; Only when you calm down can you see your conscience clearly and make steady progress in sunshine avenue. Let's get rid of ignorance and increase wisdom with diligence, and get rid of greed and move towards the light with prudent and independent efforts.
(Note: The text part is the lecturer's manuscript, which is slightly different from the audio file. )
Thinking about the problem:
1. Why didn't Confucius talk about Tao directly?
2. Why do people tend to go by the side door?
3. How can we stick to the right path?