Children aged 3-6 are in an obviously immature stage, with delicate organs in all parts of the body, fragile nervous system, low level of exercise and poor coordination of movements. Therefore, it is common for children to fall and get injured when walking. Moreover, the child's brain can't flexibly cope with changes in body movements, such as meeting other children during running but not knowing how to dodge. Due to the lack of life experience, the consequences of children's behavior are unpredictable. For example, some children push children on the slide, and some children suddenly walk away regardless of the children at the other end of the seesaw. It is a sign that children don't know what consequences their actions may have. Besides, children are full of curiosity and interest in the things around them. They run around, trying to touch and test everything. However, due to their unstable movements, lack of life experience and ignorance of what is safe and dangerous, they are prone to accidents. 2. The kindergarten system is loose and poorly managed.
Some child injury incidents are caused by the imperfect management system of kindergartens. For example, the canteen does not pay attention to hygiene or the food does not meet the relevant standards, resulting in food poisoning for children. Improper management of doormen can also easily lead to accidents. For example, if a child slips out of kindergarten, no one in the reception room will get lost. 3. There are hidden dangers in kindergarten facilities.
For example, some large outdoor toys in kindergartens are made of iron, and children may be injured if they are not careful. Some kindergartens put the seesaw on the concrete floor, and the child accidentally fell down and caused a concussion. In some kindergartens, children's appliances are improperly placed, and children need stools and chairs to get them. When getting on and off stools and chairs, they accidentally fall down. Some kindergarten buildings are not standardized, and the steps are too high or the railings are too low, which is easy to cause children to be injured. 4. Kindergarten staff dereliction of duty or lack of sense of responsibility.
Dereliction of duty and weak sense of responsibility belong to different behaviors. Dereliction of duty is an act of dereliction of duty, which usually bears legal responsibility. In fact, there are few examples of injuries caused by kindergarten staff's dereliction of duty, and more are injuries caused by teachers' weak sense of responsibility. If a teacher leads a child to take a walk outside the garden and a child leaves the team to go home halfway, the teacher will not know about it until the parents send the child back to kindergarten. If the child gets lost halfway, the consequences will be unimaginable. Two children in a class ran to the playground when the teacher was about to leave the classroom and accidentally fell down. Children are outdoors, teachers get together to chat, children are hurt because they are unprotected, and so on.
5. Teachers insult, corporal punishment or corporal punishment in disguised form.
Teachers rarely insult children, but corporal punishment and corporal punishment in disguised form occur from time to time. A child wets the bed during a nap, and the class teacher spanks him; A child doesn't want to take a nap, and the teacher scares him with sewing needles; A child was undisciplined and active, so the teacher punished him for standing outside the classroom and thinking. The child slides on the slide by himself, accidentally gets hurt, and so on. 6. Children with special physique or sudden illness.
Some accidents are due to children's special physique or sudden illness. For example, the recurrence of congenital heart disease in children falls into this category. This kind of injury is accidental and unpredictable in kindergarten. Ii. prevention of child injury incidents 1. Improve the working system.
Kindergartens should strictly implement the relevant health care system and do a good job in children's physical and mental health care. Specifically, kindergartens should establish children's health examination system and children's health cards or files, and regularly analyze and evaluate children's physical development. Teachers should file the records of children's physical characteristics and report the abnormal changes of children to parents in time. Kindergartens should establish a system of sanitation and disinfection and isolation of sick children, and do a good job in planned immunization and disease prevention and control.
Kindergartens shall implement a safety protection and inspection system for houses, equipment, fire protection and transportation. And the implementation of food and drug management system and children's transportation system. Prevent accidents such as fire, electric shock, fall, burn, loss, drowning, poisoning, swallowing foreign objects or putting foreign objects into eyes, ears, nose and mouth. Safety education for employees and children should be strengthened.
Kindergartens should attach importance to morning check-up. Morning inspection is of positive significance for finding problems and eliminating unsafe hidden dangers. 2. Create a safe living environment
Kindergartens shall establish a safety protection system, and it is strictly forbidden to set up dangerous buildings and facilities that threaten the safety of young children in the park, and it is strictly forbidden to use toxic and harmful materials to make teaching AIDS and toys. Kindergarten and its facilities may be dangerous, kindergarten organizers or individuals should take measures to eliminate the danger and prevent accidents. Kindergartens should be equipped with tables, chairs, toy racks and toiletries suitable for young children.
The power switch or socket in kindergarten should be installed at a higher place from the ground, so that children are not easy to touch it. It is best to open the door outward, and the spring is not suitable for the door closing device. The height of the window should meet the requirements. The setting of railings, the height of stairs, the layout of children's activity places and the configuration of children's activity equipment should comply with relevant regulations to ensure safety. Kindergartens' kitchens should be clean and tidy, fully equipped as far as possible, and raw and cooked foods must be separated. Kindergarten buildings, facilities, equipment, equipment, supplies, etc. It should be inspected and maintained regularly. 3. Establish a high sense of responsibility
Kindergarten staff should always take children as the center in their specific work, implement the principle of combining protection with education, and promote the harmonious development of children's body and mind. The manager of the reception room must stick to his post. Children should close the door when entering the park, never allow irrelevant personnel to enter, register visitors and pay close attention to children's entry and exit. Conditional kindergartens had better install telephone extensions in each classroom for timely contact. The child's pick-up and drop-off is in strict accordance with the system, and then-the teacher gives the child to the parents; Send-parents give their children to the teacher. Children had better be picked up by a special person. Parents should inform the teacher in advance if there are special circumstances that require temporary substitute classes.
Parents don't pay attention, and others come to pick up their children after school. Even if the child is familiar with this person, the teacher should contact the parents and verify the situation before making a decision. The canteen work is also very important. We must absolutely ensure food hygiene, resolutely resist food for three days, deal with expired and unclean food in time, disinfect tableware in time, keep the canteen environment clean and tidy, and employ canteen staff to meet relevant requirements. Kindergartens need to use cars for organizing children's outing activities, and should rent cars from relevant units without overloading. Some kindergartens borrow cars from parents or related units. In the event of a traffic accident, the kindergarten is very troublesome to deal with because it uses the car for free. In the case of renting a car, the kindergarten forms a contractual relationship with the rental unit, and the rental unit has the obligation to safely deliver the passengers to the destination. If an accident occurs due to the fault of the rental unit, the rental unit shall bear the corresponding responsibility. In addition, teachers should be very careful in their work and close the door when entering and leaving the classroom. Don't put beds, tables and chairs near the window to prevent children from climbing the window and falling. Put up posters on the wall instead of thumbtacks. During lunch break, children should strengthen inspections and pay attention to children kicking or sleeping. Pointed scissors, knives, sewing needles, buttons, beans, etc. Children (especially children in small classes and small classes) should not be allowed to play to prevent stabbing, swallowing or entering the respiratory tract. Don't put the thermos bottle where children can reach it to prevent burns. External medicine and internal medicine should be kept out of the reach of children, and the medicine bottles should be clearly labeled to prevent children from taking them by mistake. Teachers should not leave the classroom for no reason. If they have something urgent to leave, they should ask other teachers to handle it. During the activity, teachers should pay attention to protecting children and count the number of people at any time. Children should be given safety education at ordinary times to cultivate their self-protection ability. Third, the handling of child injury incidents
Whether kindergartens should bear the responsibility for child injury can generally be attributed according to the principle of fault liability, and the principle of no-fault liability or even the principle of fair liability can be applied in special circumstances. The so-called fault liability principle means that whether to take responsibility depends on whether the kindergarten is at fault. Fault can be divided into intentional and negligent situations. The Supreme People's Court's Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) (for Trial Implementation) (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions) clearly stipulates this.
The principle of no-fault liability refers to the principle of imputation that whether the actor should bear civil liability is not judged by whether there is fault or not under the circumstances stipulated by law. There are three main situations that kindergartens may involve: polluting the environment, causing damage to others because of the collapse of buildings or other facilities, and causing damage to others because of raising animals. In this regard, the General Principles of Civil Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the General Principles of Civil Law) has made clear provisions. The principle of fair liability refers to the liability principle of distributing the damage among the parties according to the principle of fairness when the law does not stipulate the principle of no-fault liability and applies the principle of fault liability obviously unfair. In this regard, the General Principles of the Civil Law and the Opinions have clear provisions. It must be clear that the premise of applying the principle of fair liability is that the parties are not at fault for causing damage. In the event of injury, the relevant parties should bear corresponding responsibilities according to the size of the responsibility. If the parties are not responsible for the occurrence of the injury, the actual losses shall be shared by the parties in accordance with the principle of fair liability. If children are killed or injured due to teacher abuse or corporal punishment, the teacher shall bear full responsibility. In other injury incidents, kindergartens can pursue civil liability for compensation from staff members who have intentional or gross negligence. In addition, according to the Interim Measures for the Implementation of Educational Administrative Punishment, People's Republic of China (PRC) Teachers Law, Criminal Law and other relevant laws and regulations, according to different situations, the responsible person may be expelled from school, may be disqualified as a teacher, and may also bear administrative responsibility or even criminal responsibility.