2. Mental health Mental health means that individuals can correctly understand themselves, adjust their mentality in time, and maintain a good mental state to adapt to external changes. Mental health can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense: the narrow sense of mental health mainly refers to the state without psychological problems such as psychological obstacles; Mental health in a broad sense also includes psychological adjustment ability and psychological efficacy development ability.
3. Good social adaptability and strong adaptability are important features of mental health. College students with mental health should be able to keep good contact with the society and have a clear and correct understanding of the current social situation. Have lofty ideals and ambitions, but don't indulge in unrealistic fantasies and extravagant hopes, and pay attention to the unity of reality and ideals. Don't blame others for all kinds of difficulties and challenges encountered in real life, but use practical and effective methods to solve them. When you find that your ideals and desires run counter to social development, you can quickly adjust yourself in order to be consistent with social development, instead of escaping from reality, not to be arrogant and go your own way.
4. Moral health Moral health refers to being able to control one's behavior according to the rules and requirements of social norms, make contributions to people's happiness, and show noble thoughts, ideals, morality and discipline.
Second, health standards (health standards)
Health standards include: ① energetic and able to cope with daily life and work calmly; 2 optimistic and positive attitude, willing to undertake tasks without being picky; 3 Be good at rest and sleep well; (4) Strong adaptability, able to adapt to various changes in various environments; ⑤ Resistant to common cold and infectious diseases; ⑥ Proper weight, well-proportioned figure, and coordinated proportion of head, arms and buttocks; ⑦ Bright eyes, acute reaction and no inflammation of eyelids; 8 teeth clean, no defect, no pain, normal gum color, no bleeding; Pet-name ruby hair shiny, no dandruff; Attending muscles and skin are elastic and easy to walk.
Students with obsessive-compulsive symptoms are always thinking about unnecessary things, such as what to do if they always want to fail the exam, and always check whether their homework is done correctly; Girls are always worried about whether their clothes are neat or not and always look in the mirror.
Students with sensitive interpersonal relationships always feel that others are not friendly to them, and others do not understand and sympathize with them; Others always feel unhappy when they see him or talk about him; Some people are uncomfortable with the opposite sex.
Students with hostile tendencies often lose their temper, throw things and shout; Often fight with others; Rational don't let people, unreasonable stir three points; Have the impulse to pick things up and drop things; I want to control myself, but I can't.
The performance of paranoid students is that they always feel that their ideas are different from others; Always feel that others are talking about themselves behind their backs; I feel that most people are not trustworthy and unreliable; It is difficult to cooperate with others.
The performance of students with anxiety tendency is that they always feel inexplicable tension, irritability, anxiety, anxiety and unease.
The maladjusted students show that they don't like school extracurricular activities and don't adapt to school life. These are especially obvious in senior one and junior one students, and schools should take corresponding measures to help students overcome their maladjustment.
The proportion of students with emotional instability is second only to the sense of learning pressure, which is manifested in the ups and downs of emotions, the ups and downs of learning neck, the closeness to parents and teachers for a while and the alienation from parents and teachers for a while.
The performance of students with psychological imbalance is that watching other students do well in exams, being richer than themselves or wearing brand-name clothes makes them uncomfortable. In addition, I always feel that teachers and parents are unfair to me.
First, learning problems.
Psychological problems arising from learning are the main part of middle school students' psychological problems. Their problems are:
1. The psychological pressure of middle school students who are overloaded with study is increasing, which leads to listlessness, and then symptoms such as loss of appetite, insomnia, neurasthenia, decreased memory effect and slow thinking appear.
2. Learning weariness is a prominent problem in current learning activities. Students with poor academic performance can't meet the expectations of their parents and teachers, and often feel tired of learning. Teenagers are often tired of learning, which leads to tension between parents and children. Some parents are eager to "aspire to success", improperly educate children with poor learning, and are not strict with their children. Some parents have lost the information about their children's learning and left them alone. These practices will only arouse the resentment of young people, but will not solve the problem. A responsible comrade of the State Education Commission said at a meeting that 30% of middle school students are tired of learning, and some counties are as high as 60%. It can be seen that weariness of learning is a common problem.
3. Test anxiety, especially when encountering more important exams, is more serious, and even anxiety is generalized.
China's education system is not perfect, and most of them are ordinary middle schools. What students learn in middle school is basically prepared for the college entrance examination, and only a small part of them really enter the university. Students are faced with the phenomenon of difficulty in entering a higher school, employment and narrow way out, especially those underachievers with poor grades, who feel hopeless in entering a higher school. A sense of sadness and panic that there is no way out after graduation controls them. This situation is reflected in their study, that is, they feel heavy in study, hate studying and are anxious about exams. The unreasonable educational structure also shows that the teaching content is too difficult. According to the survey of People's Education Publishing House, 80% of middle school students have difficulty in learning science textbooks. This situation has led some students to develop from aversion to learning to avoidance of learning, leaving school to seek improper stimulation, thus forming a series of conduct obstacles. At present, under the influence of the guiding ideology of one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate, some schools divide poor classes, rank second in exams, engage in sea tactics, and adopt some educational methods, teaching means and educational measures that violate the principle of mental health. This situation, on the one hand, makes students' psychology in a state of high tension with intellectual overload all day, leading to neurasthenia, insomnia, memory loss, inattention and some abnormal learning behaviors and habits; On the other hand, the wrong concept of fractions has brought psychological pain to students. Teachers' ridicule, classmates' contempt and even parents' complaints and abuse have caused great psychological pressure on students. So the weariness of learning appeared and anxiety came into being. In addition, improper educational methods, such as teaching methods, lack flexibility and punishment, and will also cause various psychological problems to students.
Second, interpersonal relationship is also a problem that middle school students reflect more. The question is as follows.
(1) Relationship with teachers. The main problems are rebellious psychology caused by teachers' incomprehension and distrust of students, psychological pressure and aggressive behavior caused by teachers' cognitive deviation. In middle school, teachers are still the ideal goals and fair representatives of students, hoping to get their care, understanding and love. If teachers lack understanding, patience and love, and can't give enthusiastic guidance and help, they will be disappointed. What's more, "teachers' bad attitude of lacking respect for students and belittling their values has caused serious psychological trauma to students. "Students, especially senior students, often feel all this morbidly, which is also the reason for the conflict between teachers and students." In this case, students have a sense of depression, negative emotions, and the relationship between teachers and students is becoming increasingly tense.
(2) classmate relationship. In addition to teachers' understanding and support, middle school students also hope to have an accepted sense of belonging in the class and classmates, and seek the understanding and trust of classmates and friends. Due to the disharmony and even tension between classmates, some students show loneliness and want to restore their relationship with classmates, but they don't know how to do it.
(3) Relationship with parents. A democratic and harmonious family gives middle school students a warm harbor of their own. In authoritarian families, parents and children can't communicate normally, which leads to children's withdrawn and bossy personality. All kinds of family scars will cause psychological harm to middle school students to varying degrees. Some studies believe that parental discord is more harmful to children's psychological problems than the death of one parent, because they see bad interpersonal relationships in their parents. Disagreement with parents has many psychological effects on middle school students. "There is a sense of abandonment and anger; They may become depressed, hostile, destructive, ... and often make them uninterested in school work and social life. "They will think that their parents have brought them pain and hate their parents' family, because family is where all misfortune lies. At the same time, with the growth of age, teenagers have more and more contact with society, and their desire for independence is growing stronger, and their relationship with their families is gradually alienated, and they no longer obey their parents' instructions. They question the teaching of their parents and teachers and are unwilling to adapt to some traditional family habits, especially when parents or teachers still treat them in the same way as children, which hurts their self-esteem. It is easy to arouse their rebellious psychology, which is manifested in words and behaviors. In addition, economically, teenagers want to control some money and things by themselves because of social needs, but the economy is not independent. This ambivalence of independence and attachment often makes teenagers unhappy, and even leads to parent-child relationship and tension between teachers and students.
Third, the psychological problems of teenagers.
(1) adolescent atresia. Its main performance is that the external performance tends to be closed and blocked, and the increasingly rich and complex internal activities coexist in the same individual. It can be said that closed psychology is a universal and special symbol of adolescent psychology. Therefore, the psychological problem of atresia mainly refers to the psychology under negative circumstances.
(2) Emotional excitement, both explicit and implicit. The physiological upheaval in adolescence will inevitably cause emotional agitation among middle school students. This turbulent emotion is sometimes explicit and sometimes implicit. A smile can make people excited all night, but the heart is excited, happy or distressed, depressed and seemingly calm; They have things they want to tell others and secrets they want to tell others, but they are silent when they meet their parents or teachers. If this situation is not understood, there will be depression and anxiety and depression.
(3) puppy love. Middle school students are generally underage, and we call this underage love of middle school students puppy love. Middle school is in adolescence, and one of the most prominent contradictions in this period is the contradiction between the rapid maturity of sexual development and the relative naivety of sexual psychology. Middle school students are limited by their cognitive ability and personality development, especially when the education guidance is not timely and effective, which makes the sexual psychological development of middle school students show relative naivety, so there is a self-considered serious and hazy love. Although this kind of love is curious and imitative, it is a very interesting question.
(4) It is easy to have bad habits and hobbies, and teenagers are curious and imitative. This mental state makes them easily influenced by others, such as smoking. In middle school, they are often influenced by their families, partners and society, and it is easier for them to learn to smoke than in other periods. Because of their troubles, they often want to relax and have fun by smoking. They also think that smoking can show charm and maturity. They think that young men smoking is masculine, while young women smoking means equality between men and women. Different from adults, teenagers' smoking is often accompanied by a decline in academic performance or unintentional learning, and it is easy to go downhill because of bad habits such as drinking habits.
Fourth, the problem of frustration adaptation
The frustration of middle school students is manifold, including study, interpersonal relationship, interest desire, self-esteem and so on. There are objective factors, social environment factors and personal subjective factors. Facing the difficulties and pains caused by setbacks, middle school students have two ways to respond: negative response and positive response. Once passive frustration adaptation is habituated and stabilized, even if the frustration state changes in a certain situation, its behavior is still manifested as habitual adaptation. Therefore, negative frustration adaptation has turned into a serious mental health problem, which requires long-term patient education.