1. Over-exploitation and urbanization: With the continuous advancement of urbanization, a large number of agricultural land has been converted into urban land, resulting in the loss of land resources.
2. Soil erosion and desertification: due to unreasonable human activities such as over-reclamation, deforestation and land reclamation, soil erosion is serious, land is gradually desertified, and land resources are destroyed.
3. Pollution: In the process of industrialization and urbanization, a large number of wastes and pollutants are discharged into the soil, which leads to land pollution and affects the productivity of the land and the health of the ecosystem.