Psychodrama began with the spontaneous theater founded by Vienna psychiatrist J.L. Moreno (1889-1974)1921in Vienna. At first, it provided a stage for participants to release their inner experiences. Inspired by Moreno's psychological drama, campus psychological drama came into being. It integrates drama, sketch and psychological problems, presents their typical psychological puzzles or psychological problems by students acting as parties or by the parties themselves on the stage, and learns how to handle and correctly handle psychological problems with the help of psychological instructors, all performers and audiences, thus solving their own psychological problems and enlightening all students through education. Campus psychological drama adopts a special form of drama, which shows students' psychological situations such as conflicts, puzzles and troubles in study, life and interpersonal communication in dynamic stages such as role-playing, role exchange and inner monologue, breaking the traditional oral therapy, prompting students to find the essence of the problem and clarify the crux in the performance, thus helping individuals' inner world, life situation and life experience to connect with the ongoing activities of the group and connecting themselves with the current life theme or life.
The arrangement process of campus psychological drama is consistent with that of psychological drama, that is, it is divided into three stages: warm-up stage: necessary preparatory activities before the performance, including building the trust of the group, determining the theme and choosing the protagonist. And put it into performance as soon as possible; Performance stage: the protagonist and supporting role perform important events in life; Sharing discussion stage: the protagonist, supporting role and members express their opinions and share the influence of psychological drama on their lives. Discussion should follow three principles: no analysis, no suggestions and no questions.
There are two main forms of campus psychological drama editing.
One is the rehearsal in the class. In psychology classes, class meetings and other subject classes, students in this class will arrange their own performances (which can be impromptu), or play psychological dramas written and performed by others, and then the psychological counseling teachers will organize discussions and share them. At this time, the editing of campus psychological drama should pay attention to obeying the goals and themes of psychological class or class meeting.
The other is choreography on the stage. In view of students' psychological problems, we should write and rehearse psychological dramas and form stable scripts and performance forms, perform in special venues, and organize discussions and share feelings after the performances. Script writing and performance can be done by members of extracurricular psychological activity groups and other similar organizations, and discussion and sharing can be in written form.
Second, the educational value of campus psychological drama
1. Enrich students' lives
Education is life. The process of education is the process of life. In the process of primary and secondary education, the performance of campus psychological drama can enrich the study life of students who participate in the planning, arrangement and performance of campus psychological drama, and also enrich the study life and spiritual life of those who watch the performance.
2. Relieve the psychological pressure of study.
In the performance of campus psychological drama, students vent and resolve their bad emotions and behaviors through performance activities such as role performance and identity replacement, so as to correctly guide students to solve psychological confusion and achieve the effect of relieving psychological pressure in learning.
3. Help solve students' individual psychological puzzles or problems.
Faced with psychological confusion or problems in study, life and interpersonal relationship, students may feel depressed. Participating in campus psychological drama is an important way and method to solve psychological problems.
4. Teach students to share experiences and emotions.
In the process of participating in the performance of campus psychological drama, I constantly experience and experience the process of psychological conflict, psychological confusion and getting out of psychological confusion, and get emotional catharsis and satisfaction of needs. In this process, students can experience the life of different characters in the script through a series of processes such as planning, rehearsal and performance of campus psychological drama. After the performance, the students exchanged their experiences and shared their feelings.
5. Cultivate students' spirit of cooperation
The performance of campus psychological drama needs the participation of different roles, all the roles have been coordinated, and they can't wrangle with each other, otherwise the performance of campus psychological drama will not go on. In order to perform better, students need to cooperate with each other. In this process, students fully realize the importance of the spirit of cooperation, so as to form a sense of cooperation and ability.
6. An important symbol of campus culture construction
Campus culture construction mainly includes campus material culture, campus spiritual culture, campus system culture, campus behavior culture and so on. Campus psychological drama is an important part of campus spiritual culture. Through the development and construction of campus psychological drama, it can promote the construction of campus spiritual culture and form students' good mental outlook.
7. Cultivate students' aesthetic ability
Campus psychological drama is also a kind of stage play, which has the performance art of stage effect and role and brings aesthetic things to students. In the process of pursuing beauty, students gradually know how to discover beauty, appreciate beauty and create beauty, thus cultivating students' aesthetic ability.
8. Ways of mental health education and consultation
Campus psychological drama is one of the ways of mental health education and consultation in primary and secondary schools. Through the campus psychological drama, group psychotherapy is carried out for primary and secondary school students, so that students can constantly experience and reflect on the psychological problem-solving strategies of the characters in the campus psychological drama, so that students can constantly share their feelings of pain and happiness, thus getting rid of psychological confusion, forming a healthy psychology and achieving the purpose of mental health education.
9. Cultivate students' innovative ability and practical spirit.
Through a series of processes such as planning, organizing, rehearsing and script revision of campus psychological drama, students can form the ability of reflection, innovate the script constantly and form the spirit of practice at the same time.
Third, the role of campus psychological drama in psychological counseling
The characteristics of campus psychological drama, such as participation, experience and inspiration, conform to the psychological development characteristics of students who are willing to show themselves. Its vivid and interesting forms of expression have also broken through the traditional didactic tutor mode. With the cooperation of peers and the guidance of tutors, students explore ways to solve problems according to their own personal experiences. This spontaneity is easier for students to accept and the effect will be more obvious. The main functions are as follows:
1. Meditation
Campus psychological drama can be said to be a bridge, connecting students' inner world with the real world outside. Everyone will have something they want to say but dare not say, or something they want to do but have no chance to do, which will turn into emotional depression in their hearts and put a lot of pressure on themselves, which may become a heart disease over time.
Be happy
Drama is an exaggerated art form. Adhering to this principle, the plot of the script is humorous because of the enlargement of real life. During the performance, the performer can experience the cheerful mood of the role, and also release his inner dissatisfaction and backlog. The audience can also get fun from humorous plots and exaggerated praise, and relax the pressure they encounter in their study and life. Through psychological drama, students can look at problems from the perspective of others, promote mutual understanding between students and others, and relieve tension, anxiety, conflict and opposition.
live in harmony with
Campus psychological drama is to create a controllable environment through sharing, support and acceptance, and then let the soul grow. In other words, psychodrama provides a safe place and a group of reliable members for all participants. Can the audience be there when the students are playing the psychological drama? Actor? See the shadow of your own life, produce * * * sound, and? Actor? Only by trusting the audience around you can you show your true self.
4. Create a heart (new)
Most people will make a habitual response to the environment in their daily behavior, which is routine and shows a state of lack of vitality, which is also reflected in modern students. Campus psychological drama reflects the real life of students in an exaggerated way, so the things performed may not have been experienced. Perhaps the story itself is beyond reality, which requires writers and performers to exert their imagination, get rid of the shackles of themselves and even the existing environment, and explore the inner level of themselves and the external real society.
tolerate
Campus psychological drama allows and even encourages actors to re-experience certain things or feelings from different angles or ways. But whether his view or interpretation of an event on the stage is correct or not, the audience and teachers should respect this idea and reflection. Of course, in the appraisal process, actors and audiences can express their views, and the teacher's role is only to guide and coordinate, so that students can learn how to respect others' attitude towards life and way of thinking in this process.
Campus psychological drama is not only a novel and effective psychotherapy technique that can arouse students' enthusiasm, but also a good strategy to publicize and popularize mental health knowledge and improve teachers' and students' attention to psychological problems.