Mr. Ye Shengtao has this exposition on the essence of education: "It is really useful to be a man to take some essential things as your own flesh and blood, to form permanent habits, to use them for life and to practice them forever." Therefore, education is to cultivate students' good habits. Good habits ensure success. If education can cultivate students' good habits, students can easily swim to the other side of the ideal. Modern education advocates inquiry learning, inquiry learning and autonomous learning, which all require students to have good study habits. Chinese learning is no exception. This is because the learning of Chinese knowledge and the cultivation of ability are integrated with social life and run through the long journey of life. This requires us to cultivate students' good habits of learning Chinese. So what habits do primary school Chinese learning need to develop? How to cultivate? I practice from the following aspects:
First, good preview habits.
Self-conscious preview habits are the "motivation" of learning. Only by letting students actively develop their "potential" can they turn learning into conscious behavior. I instruct students to think, "What do I know from the topic and what do I want to know?" As soon as they get the questions. Using students' curiosity to verify whether "I guessed right" and "I want to know the answer" are in the text? Where is it? "Psychology brings students into the text by watching, thinking, speaking and asking. In order to quickly grasp the ins and outs of the story, students will concentrate and enter a state of hunger and thirst, and get better results. Sometimes, after previewing, I will ask students to set homework questions for each other (requiring students to have their own answers) to see whose homework questions can beat others or even teachers. The enterprising spirit will make students try to find problems that they think are difficult to understand in the preview, so as to clarify their doubts and difficulties. However, this kind of proactive preview habit can never be formed in a day or two, which requires our teachers to supervise and guide in time, otherwise it will become a mere formality or a helpless response and painful burden.
Second, the habit of being diligent and inquisitive.
Einstein once said: "In a sense, it is more important to find and put forward a problem than to solve it." Only by being diligent in asking questions and "asking questions to the end" will the spark of creation collide. Therefore, as a teacher, we should teach students how to ask questions and use various means to stimulate students to ask questions and question. For example, in teaching, I often create an atmosphere of democracy and equality, actively encourage students to ask questions, and then put forward questions that students think can beat teachers on a piece of paper. I will give him a reward, and the students are eager to try. In the questions raised by students, students are guided to select, discuss and argue, and finally solve them by themselves through cooperation. Doing so sometimes causes heated debates, but this is also the beauty of education.
Third, the habit of reciting excerpts
Recitation is not only one of the contents of language ability training, but also a method of learning a language. The ancients said, "You can't know the meaning of a book until you read it a hundred times." That is to say, reading more or even reciting it helps to deepen your understanding of the meaning of the article. Not only that, but also reciting helps to accumulate and use vocabulary. Famous sayings and aphorisms are all memorized. When the text is needed, they are called out and dissolved at will. Abstraction is not only a method of language accumulation, but also can improve students' ability to collect, select and process information.
In teaching, I give students some memory methods in time, and then carry out some memory training competitions, such as "Ten-minute Recitation Competition", "Recitation Solitaire" and "Copy Competition". Guide students to recite a certain number of famous fragments or full texts and extract some extracurricular knowledge closely related to Chinese learning, thus forming the habit of accumulating knowledge and materials and laying a solid foundation for future study.
Fourth, the habit of studying hard.
Zhu Zeng, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once said: "There are three times when reading, that is, knowing your heart, knowing your eyes and knowing your mouth. If the heart is not here, the eyes will not look carefully, and the mind will not be single-minded, only reading. You will never remember it, and you won't remember it for a long time. " The meaning of this sentence is: study hard, and to achieve three, I am most anxious. But many of our students just read with their mouths instead of their hearts, so they are at a loss and don't know what to say. Educational practice has proved that reading is the best way to acquire knowledge, and multi-sensory reading is a scientific method to improve reading efficiency. Therefore, in teaching, I teach students the method of reading, so that students can use it flexibly in combination with reality and not be boring.
Not only that, but also students are required to do "no pen and ink, no reading" when studying. This is because in the process of reading, it is inevitable to find difficulties, so students need to circle, dot, tick, draw, approve and record books with self-taught symbols. This process is to find out the difficulties and clear the obstacles; This is a process of deep thinking and repeated thinking: this is a process of initial understanding and discovery. Only in this way can reading be brought into a new realm, and students can "know their feelings and feel their reasons".
Fifth, the habit of writing diligently.
A good writer must be diligent in writing. In order to improve students' reading and writing ability, I often say that "good memory is better than bad writing" when studying. It is intended to tell students that they should be diligent in writing, whether in or out of class, whether reading or listening to lectures. Usually in class, I will ask students to pick up pens and draw circles while reading textbooks. You can mark the words you are particularly interested in with marginal notes, line segments or symbols. When reading extracurricular books by yourself, you can also annotate them. In the blank space of my extra-curricular book, I simply criticized a word at first, such as "wonderful", "wonderful" and "wrong". Later, you can annotate a complete sentence. Later, you can express your meaning completely in a few sentences. If you are interested, you can use a special notebook to write down your feelings and draw your own feelings. In short, we must do "no pen and ink, no reading".
In writing, I make full use of the content of the text and practice writing randomly, which greatly improves students' interest in writing and the writing density in reading teaching. At the same time, students are required to form the habit of keeping diaries and writing compositions after school, record their own experiences and feelings in time, even if they are very rough and simple records, and regularly check, communicate and evaluate students' records, so as to encourage students to develop the good habit of being diligent in writing.
On this basis, students' excellent works are often published in the learning garden, and posted on BBS in QQ space by network, so as to promote students' writing enthusiasm and make them form the habit of loving, being happy and being good at writing. Editing tabloid is the best course to train students' comprehensive reading and writing ability. I set it as a long-term course, and everyone in the class can run a newspaper, which promotes the formation of writing habits.
Sixth, the habit of doing homework carefully.
Homework is a means for students to test their own learning, and the improvement of Chinese learning quality can not be ignored. Many children are very clever, but they are a mess in the exam. The main reason is that they usually have bad homework habits, such as scribbling. Can't judge the question, answer irrelevant questions. Therefore, in my usual homework, I have strict requirements on the format of writing and answering questions, and gradually cultivate students' correct habit of answering questions, which greatly improves the quality of homework and exam results. It goes without saying that the serious habits they develop will also accompany their future study and life and benefit from them.
Of course, good Chinese learning habits are not limited to these, but also need to be explored and applied in future teaching. However, it should be noted that the cultivation of good Chinese learning habits needs to start from an early age, and the earlier the better. This is because psychological research shows that learning habits are formed in the lower grades of primary schools. If special education is not carried out in the future, it is difficult to greatly improve the formed habits, so it is very important for children to develop good learning habits as soon as possible. When students are young, habits are easy to establish and consolidate, and bad study habits are easy to correct if found in time. When bad habits accumulate steadily, it will not only affect the establishment of good habits, but also be difficult to correct. If some students have the bad habit of not paying attention in class and not finishing their homework on time, even if they have the determination to correct it under the guidance of the teacher, they will often change and make mistakes. It takes a long and arduous effort to completely get rid of it. I think any senior Chinese teacher should have this profound experience. Many people think that it is extremely wrong to let children play more in the lower grades of primary school, and it is natural to form habits in the upper grades. Therefore, from the first grade of primary school, it is necessary to guide students to establish good study habits and gradually strengthen training in the process of growth, thus forming stable conscious behavior.
The development of today's society, the informationization of the times and the perfection of the Internet have put forward new requirements for mankind. Lifelong learning is a necessary condition for future social survival. The cultivation of good Chinese learning habits can provide students with a space for sustainable development and learn Chinese more actively, which not only contributes to the current Chinese learning, but also has a great impact on their future study, benefiting them for life, and is very beneficial to the improvement and long-term development of people's cultural quality. And this, isn't it the true meaning of Chinese teaching?