Health is an extremely important content of human existence, which plays a decisive role in human development, social change, cultural renewal and lifestyle change. So, how can a person be healthy? From 65438 to 0948, the World Health Organization clearly stipulated that health not only means that there is no disease in the body, but also means paying attention to mental health. Only physical and mental health, physical fitness, is a complete health. It can be seen that mental health is an inseparable and important part of human health.
Mental health refers to a person's physical, psychological and social harmony, and its characteristics are as follows:
Normal intelligence
People's intelligence can be divided into three levels: supernormal, normal and low. Normal intelligence level is the most basic psychological condition for people to live, study, work and work.
Emotional stability and happiness
Emotional stability and happy mood are important signs of mental health, indicating that a person's central nervous system is in a relatively balanced state, which means the coordination of physical functions. If a person is often sad, depressed and moody, it is a sign of mental health.
Behavior coordination and unification
A mentally healthy person, his behavior is dominated by consciousness, his thought and behavior are unified and coordinated, and he has self-control ability. If a person's behavior and thoughts are contradictory, his attention is not focused, his thoughts are confused, his treatment is fragmented, and his work is chaotic, this is the performance of mental health.
Good relationship
People living in society should be good at getting along with others, helping others and establishing good interpersonal relationships. People's communication activities can reflect people's mental health. Normal and friendly communication between people is not only a necessary condition to maintain mental health, but also an important way to obtain mental health.
Good adaptability
People live in a complex and changeable world, and they will encounter various environments and changes in their lives. Therefore, a person should have good adaptability, no matter what changes in the real environment, he can adapt, which is also one of the signs of mental health.
The above are the main characteristics of mental health, but mental health is not an extraordinary state of superman, and a person's mental health may not be manifested in every aspect. As long as he can correctly understand himself, consciously control himself, correctly treat external influences, and maintain a balanced and coordinated mentality in life practice, he already has the basic characteristics of mental health.
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The so-called mental illness refers to the phenomenon that a person deviates from the norms of social life in thought, emotion and behavior due to mental tension and interference. The greater the deviation of psychology and behavior from the norms of social life, the more serious the mental illness will be. Mental illness can be roughly divided into the following categories:
1. Stress and maladjustment
(1) stress response stress is a response caused by unexpected danger or tension. Stress events refer to things that are quite dangerous or serious to ordinary people, such as the death of relatives, failure in exams, separation of family members, setbacks, unexpected blows, incurable diseases, humiliation, theft, fires, natural and man-made disasters, war situations and so on. These unexpected events will cause people's stress reactions, that is, a series of psychological and physiological reactions, psychological and behavioral abnormalities. Mild symptoms are emotional tension, allergies, panic, fatigue and weakness. Severe cases include depression, fear, anxiety, stupor, forgetfulness, autonomic nervous dysfunction (such as palpitation, sweating, anorexia, nausea, urgency, trembling, etc.). ); Worse, quadriplegia, blindness, even shock or death.
(2) maladaptive reaction maladaptive reaction is caused by various mental stimuli and lasts for a long time. The nature and intensity of its function vary from person to person. Stimulated by the same situation, some people adapt quickly, some people adapt slowly, and some people can't adapt at all, resulting in maladjustment. Different people have differences in maladjustment. Some people are mainly emotional disorders, which are manifested as depression, sadness, worry, anxiety and fear. Some people give priority to behavioral disorders, leading to aggressive and anti-social behavior. (
Mild mental illness: neurosis, also known as neurosis, is a psychological disorder or abnormality caused by temporary disorder of brain function. It is characterized by persistent psychological conflicts, mainly manifested in the weakening of psychological activity ability, such as inattention, memory decline, and reduced learning and work efficiency; Emotional disorders, such as mood swings, irritability, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders, such as insomnia, nightmares, and early awakening. Obsessive hypochondria, various obvious physical discomfort, chronic pain, acute headache and low back pain, but no organic lesions were found.
Neurosis includes six diseases:
(1) Neurasthenia: manifested as symptoms of increased excitability, symptoms of accelerated fatigue process, autonomic nervous dysfunction, etc.
⑵ Anxiety: Anxiety is the main emotion, accompanied by obvious autonomic nervous dysfunction and exercise anxiety.
⑶ Hysteria: The onset of this disease is acute, and it can show various symptoms, including sensory and motor mechanism disorders, autonomic nervous dysfunction of internal organs, psychological abnormalities, etc. , and often have convulsions, headaches, chest tightness, upset, grievances, limb tremors, blinking, shaking the head, facial convulsions or motor paralysis and other different reactions.
⑷ Obsessive-compulsive neurosis: It is a neurosis characterized by obsessive-compulsive ideas and behaviors. The common concepts of compulsion are: compulsive doubt, compulsive memory, compulsive thinking and compulsive opposing thought; Forced intention and behavior include: forced intention, forced hand washing, forced calculation and forced ritual behavior.
5. Phobia: refers to having a very strong fear of certain things or special situations. There are often: ① social terror; ② Wilderness terror; ③ Animal terror; 4 disease terror; In addition, there are unclean terror, dark terror, thunderstorm terror and so on.
[6] Depressive neurosis: manifested as depression, moping all day, self-reproach, poor sleep, loss of appetite, mental stimulation at ordinary times, uncontrollable depression, no fun in life, loss of hope for the future, thinking that he is useless, chest tightness, fatigue, pain and other symptoms, and even suicidal thoughts or behaviors in severe cases.
(3) Psychosomatic diseases, also known as psychosomatic disorders, refer to physical dysfunction or organic damage induced by psychosocial factors. At the time of onset, there are both physiological abnormalities and psychological and behavioral abnormalities. Such as essential hypertension, coronary heart disease complicated with arrhythmia, intestinal ulcer complicated with bronchial asthma, hyperthyroidism, diabetes complicated with menstrual disorder, impotence, neurodermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
(d) Mental illness manifested by mental patients and physical defects. There are three different types of this disease:
(1) Mental disorders characterized by brain dysfunction, such as mental retardation and mental retardation.
⑵ Psychological diseases, such as concussion, brain contusion, cerebral arteriosclerosis, poisoning or virus infection, can cause organic brain injury, leading to mental retardation, amnesia and personality abnormality.
(3) Psychological abnormalities when people are blind, deaf, dumb and lame.
(5) Severe mental illness-mental illness refers to the disintegration of people's whole psychological function, the coordination of all aspects of psychological activities has been seriously damaged, and the relationship between the body and the surrounding environment is also seriously unbalanced. Mental illness mainly includes schizophrenia, manic depression and so on. Schizophrenia is characterized by the change of patients' basic personality and the split of perception, thinking, emotion and behavior. Manic depression is characterized by primary emotional disorder. When manic attacks occur, speech increases obviously, association speeds up, thoughts are erratic, attention is not concentrated, emotions are unusually high, energy is very abundant, self-evaluation is too high, and behavior is rash; During depression, speech is obviously reduced, perception is slow, association is difficult, thinking is slow, mood is low, and even suicidal thoughts appear.
Since the harm of mental illness is so serious, how should it be treated?
(1) I believe that mental illness can be cured as well as physical illness.
(2) Believe that mental illness can be prevented.
(3) Don't discriminate against mental patients. We should extend a hand of friendship, approach them sincerely, care for them, understand them, sympathize with them, and try our best to help them cure their mental illness. (4) Everyone may suffer from mental illness, "mental health and quality education" and "mental health and quality education". To judge whether a person's mental health is healthy, there are usually the following basic standards: First, he must have normal cognitive ability. Second, we must have a stable and optimistic mood and a positive mood; Third, we must have normal behavioral response and good will quality, and have strong ability to resist setbacks; Fourth, we should have normal communication skills, get along well with people around us and maintain good interpersonal relationships; Fifth, we should have a correct self-concept, seek truth from facts in self-evaluation, and maintain moderate self-esteem and self-confidence. The realization of these standards depends on the cultivation of various psychological qualities. Good psychological quality is an important basis for maintaining mental health, and a healthy psychological state is the basic condition for cultivating good psychological quality.
Having good psychological quality will be the basic requirement for talents in the future society. However, because our educational goal has long neglected the cultivation of students' good psychological quality, many students are at a low level in the development of psychological quality. According to the report of China Youth Daily on July 24th 1995, the Youth Daily measured 24,378 pupils with the self-developed Psychological Quality Assessment Scale for Pupils, and found that the proportion of students who failed reached 29.97%, and six of the 26 psychological factors scored the lowest, followed by competitive spirit, self-esteem, expression ability, self-confidence, adaptability and self-reliance. These are precisely the basic requirements of the future society for the psychological quality of talents. In addition, what deserves our special attention is that under the exam-oriented education mode, many students have various psychological problems and obstacles because of the students' heavy burden, too many academic failure experiences, too high expectations of teachers, too low external evaluation, tense interpersonal relationship, heterosexual communication, sexual psychological problems and other reasons. From 65438 to 0985, Nanjing investigated 4698 students from 34 middle schools, and found that the proportion of mental health problems was 15.7%. From 65438 to 0989, 296 1 middle school students in Hangzhou were investigated, and it was found that the proportion of people with psychological disorders was 16.79%. Recently, a survey conducted in 10 16 primary and secondary schools found that the average proportion of students who are tired of learning is 38.6%, the number of people who often feel inferior is 66.52%, and the number of people who are tired of learning is 6.39%. If we can't reverse this situation as soon as possible, the students we have worked so hard to cultivate will not only be unable to meet the requirements of future international competition, but also will encounter difficulties in striving for the right to survival and development in today's society.
So, how can we completely reverse this situation? The only effective way is to supplement the content of mental health in the educational goal as soon as possible, and comprehensively promote the improvement of students' psychological quality through extensive mental health education.
Mental health education is an educational activity aimed at improving students' mental health level and promoting the sound development of students' personality. The direct goal of mental health education is to carry out the prevention and treatment of various mental diseases extensively and improve the mental health level of students; Its fundamental goal is to fully tap students' psychological potential, cultivate students' good psychological quality, promote the sound development of students' personality and enhance students' social adaptability. From the educational goal, the direct goal of mental health education can be considered as the basic condition for cultivating good psychological quality, and its fundamental goal is completely consistent with the overall goal of quality education. The goal of quality education should include psychological quality training and mental health education. Conversely, mental health education itself is also the embodiment of the goal of quality education. Therefore, in the process of implementing quality education, schools should take mental health education as a breakthrough to implement quality education.