What do you know about fire prevention?
The principle of school fire escape: the combination of safe evacuation and rescue. Escape time is precious, but don't panic. The most efficient way is to cover your nose and mouth with your hands or wet clothes, lean down and escape from the safety exit in an orderly manner.
First, fire prevention related knowledge
(A) the main causes of school fire accidents
1, illegally pulling temporary lines and approaching flammable or combustible materials, resulting in low insulation performance and short circuit leading to fire;
2. Illegal use of electric appliances such as electric furnaces and electric heaters, resulting in circuit overload and fire;
3, burning letters and other sundry, out of control or legacy fire, ignite the surrounding combustible cause fire;
4. Light a candle on the bed, and accidentally ignite the surrounding combustibles to cause a fire;
5. Smoking in bed or littering around before cigarette butts and match sticks are extinguished, igniting surrounding combustibles and causing fires;
6, illegal use of various stoves, ignite the surrounding combustible fire;
7. Violating the experimental operation rules in the experimental class, resulting in overload of electrical equipment or lines and fire;
8, electrical equipment aging, overload electricity caused by fire;
9, buildings or equipment grounding, lightning fire.
(2) How to prevent fire accidents?
1. Every teacher, student and employee in the school must first consciously abide by various fire laws and regulations and the school's fire safety management system to enhance their awareness of fire safety.
(1) Do not connect temporary wires without permission. Connecting temporary wires can easily lead to overload of power supply lines and fire.
(2) Don't use electric heating equipment such as electric stoves and electric heaters in public places such as dormitories, which may easily lead to overload of power supply lines and fire;
(3) Do not use gas stoves, alcohol stoves and other stoves in public places such as dormitories. Because the dormitory is small and there are many flammable items, a slight negligence will cause a fire;
(4) If you don't light wax and read in the dormitory, it will be too late to turn off the lights in the dormitory. If you are tired of reading and fall asleep, candles will easily ignite combustibles such as mosquito nets and cause fires;
(5) Smoking in bed, littering cigarette butts and match stalks can easily make people fall asleep in bed. Uninterrupted cigarette butts or match stalks fall on combustible materials such as bedding, which is easy to cause fire;
(6) Don't burn sundries. When the fire left in the burning sundries is out of control, it is easy to cause a fire;
(7) Don't put the desk lamp near flammable materials. When the desk lamp is lit for a long time, the lamp holder is hot and close to combustible materials, which is prone to fire;
(8) Pay attention to the power failure when people leave the room. When people leave the room, turn off the electrical switch and unplug the power supply to ensure that the electrical appliances are completely cut off. Improve the fire safety awareness of teachers, students and employees in the school, and enhance the concept of legal system. Only by consciously observing the fire laws and regulations and the school's safety management system can we eliminate fire hazards and reduce the occurrence of fire accidents.
2. Ensure that the fire-fighting equipment of fire-fighting facilities and equipment is in good condition for a long time. The fire-fighting facilities, equipment and fire-fighting equipment of all buildings in the school are designed to ensure fire safety. In the event of a fire, these devices will give an alarm to guide everyone to evacuate, prevent the fire from spreading and put out the fire. Therefore, we must understand the use and usage of these facilities, equipment and fire fighting equipment, and protect them in good condition for a long time.
At present, the fire-fighting facilities, equipment and fire-fighting equipment set in various buildings of the school are as follows:
(1) fire alarm equipment, used to monitor the fire. Manual fire alarm buttons and smoke detectors are generally installed in places where people are concentrated or in key parts. In case of fire, it will send out a fire alarm signal.
(2) Emergency lighting and evacuation signs to guide people to evacuate. Emergency lighting and evacuation signs are generally installed at evacuation passages or safety exits. In case of fire and power failure, people use the lighting provided by emergency lighting to evacuate to a safe place according to the direction indicated by the evacuation sign.
(3) Evacuation passages and exits for emergency evacuation. Safety exits are located in places where people are concentrated. It is usually closed, but it must be opened in time in case of emergency. Evacuation passages must be kept clear at all times. In case of fire, people can evacuate to a safe place in time through evacuation passages and safety exits.
(4) Fire doors are used to prevent the fire from spreading. Fire doors are generally installed in the corridors of large buildings, which divide the building into several fire zones and are equipped with door closers to ensure that the fire doors are always closed. In case of fire, it will cut off smoke and toxic gas to prevent the fire from spreading.
(5) Fire hydrants are used to put out fires. Fire hydrants are divided into outdoor fire hydrants and indoor fire hydrants. Outdoor fire hydrants are located around the building, and indoor fire hydrants are located in the building. Fire hydrant is the main source of fire fighting. In case of fire, you can connect a hose to the fire hydrant to take water to put out the fire.
(6) Fire extinguisher, which is used to put out the initial fire. All parts of the school are equipped with enough fire extinguishers. Once a fire is found, you can use a nearby fire extinguisher to put out the fire.
The above-mentioned fire-fighting facilities, equipment and fire-fighting equipment can only ensure the timely and smooth evacuation and effective fighting after the fire, and minimize casualties and fire losses. Therefore, the daily fire protection maintenance is very critical, ignoring maintenance, once a fire breaks out, its impact is immeasurable. In the maintenance work, all the fire-fighting equipment and weak points can be imported into the iFire Fire Fire Treasure, automatically reminded according to the time requirements, and confirmed when the maintenance and fire-fighting equipment inspection are completed. The school management and the maintenance company can check the completion status through the report and conduct spot checks to ensure that all maintenance work is completed on time and with good quality, the facilities and equipment are in good function, the fire-fighting equipment has not expired, and the fire-fighting equipment can be seen at a glance at the first time.
Second, fire escape related knowledge
Everyone is praying for peace. But the weather is unpredictable, and people are doomed. Once the fire came, surrounded by smoke, poison gas and flames, many people died in the sea of fire, and some survived. ? Only desperate people, no desperate situation? When each of us is faced with billowing smoke and raging fire, as long as we use the knowledge of self-help and fire escape calmly and tactfully, the possibility of self-help is great. Therefore, if you master more knowledge of self-help in fire, you may be able to get a second life in trouble.
1, to participate in fire drills, in order to meet the fire.
All units should carry out evacuation drills in their own units or key parts. As everyone who works, studies or lives in this environment, we should take the initiative to participate. Only with common sense and personal experience of evacuation can you take your time in case of fire.
Please remember: if you want to stay calm in a fire, you must practice first.
2, familiar with the environment, remember the evacuation route and exit.
When you are in a strange environment, such as staying in a hotel, visiting a shopping mall or entering an entertainment place, you must pay attention to the direction of evacuation passages, exits and stairs for your own safety, so as to escape from the fire as soon as possible at a critical moment.
Please remember: Be prepared for danger in times of peace, and leave a passage for yourself.
3. Put out small fires and benefit yourself and others.
When a fire breaks out, if it is found that the fire is not big and poses no great threat to people, and there are enough fire extinguishing equipment around, we should try our best to control the small fire, and don't scream and run around in panic, leaving the small fire unattended and causing great disaster.
Please remember: race against time can put out the initial fire.
4. Stay calm, get a clear direction and evacuate quickly.
In case of sudden fire, in the face of smoke and fire, we should first force ourselves to remain calm, quickly judge the dangerous place and safe place, decide the escape mode and evacuate the dangerous place as soon as possible. Don't blindly follow the crowd and run around each other. When evacuating, pay attention to running to the open space and try to run downstairs. If the passage has been blocked by fireworks, you should leave with your back to the direction of fireworks and escape to the outside through balconies, transoms, roofs, etc.
Please remember: only when you are calm can you come up with a good solution.
5, simple protection, nose crawling
When you escape, you should go through a smoky route to prevent poisoning and suffocation. In order to prevent the smoke from choking people, you can cover your nose and mouth with a towel and a mask and climb away. Smoke is lighter than air and floats in the upper part. Less smoke near the ground is the best way to evacuate. Through the fireworks blockade, you can pour cold water on your head and body or wrap your head and body with wet towels and quilts before rushing out.
Remember: an extra layer of protection will make you safer.
6. Make good use of trails without elevators
The building will have more than two passages, stairs and safety exits. In case of fire, you should choose safer stairs according to the situation. Besides using stairs, you can also use balconies and windowsills to climb to a safe place. In high-rise buildings, once a fire breaks out, the elevator may lose power, because the elevator shaft runs through every floor, the operation of the elevator will accelerate the spread of the fire, and the elevator will be deformed when heated, trapping people in the elevator. Therefore, never take the ordinary elevator to escape.
Please remember: never take the ordinary elevator when you escape.
7, slow down to escape, slide rope to save themselves.
High-rise and multi-storey public buildings are generally equipped with high-altitude descent devices or lifeline. Without these facilities, and the safe passage has been blocked by fireworks, you can quickly use the simple life-saving rope made by yourself, such as sheets, curtains, clothes, etc., and then slide from the windowsill or balcony along the rope to the next floor or ground to escape safely.
Please remember: be cautious and bold, self-made ropes can help you escape.
8. Shelter and insist on assistance.
If you feel hot when you touch the door with your hand, once you open the door at this time, flames and smoke are bound to come. The escape route was cut off and no one was rescued in a short time. At this time, we can take measures to create shelters and stick to those who are waiting for help. First, close the doors and windows facing the fire, block the doors with wet towels or wet cloth, or cover the doors and windows with wet quilts. Then, keep watering the doors and windows to prevent fireworks from infiltrating and sticking to the room until rescuers arrive.
Please remember: a strong shield is not afraid of a sharp spear.
9. Shake slowly and throw lightly, and seek rescue.
People trapped by fireworks who can't escape temporarily should try to stay in balconies, windows and other places that are easy to be found and can avoid close contact with fireworks. During the day, you can throw bright clothes out of the window or throw light and dazzling things outside; At night, you can shake or knock things in the window with a flashlight, and send out an effective distress signal in time to attract the attention of rescuers. Because firemen grope along the wall when they enter the room, they should try to roll to the wall or door when the smoke suffocates and loses their ability to save themselves, so as to facilitate firefighters to find and rescue; In addition, the wall can also prevent the roof from falling and hurting yourself.
Please remember: only by fully exposing yourself can we strive to save ourselves effectively.
10, the fire has burned you, don't run.
If people in the fire find themselves on fire, don't run away or beat with your hands, because running and beating will form wind, accelerate oxygen replenishment and promote the fire. When the clothes on your body are on fire, you should take off your clothes or roll on the spot to crush the flames; It is more effective to jump into the water in time or have someone water it and spray fire extinguishing agent on your body.
Please remember: the fire has burned, rolling on the spot is simple and effective.
Third, fire protection knowledge
If you want to put out the fire, you must first master the performance and usage of fire fighting equipment and equipment.
(A) the performance and use of fire hydrants
1, fire hydrant performance. The fire hydrant is directly connected with the tap water pipe network. Open it at any time, and there will be clear water with a pressure of about 3 kilograms. Suitable for fighting wood and cotton wool fires.
2, the use of fire hydrant. Indoor fire hydrants are generally set on the walls of public parts of buildings with obvious signs, including hoses and water guns. In case of fire, find the fire hydrant nearest to the fire site, open the fire hydrant box door, take out the hose, connect one end of the hose to the fire hydrant outlet, and the other end to the water gun, then open the fire hydrant valve until it is close to the fire point. Note: Only when it is confirmed that the power supply at the fire site has been disconnected can the fire be extinguished with water.
(2) the performance and use of fire extinguishers
1, the performance of fire extinguishers, fire extinguishers are used to put out initial fires. At present, most schools are equipped with portable fire extinguishers.
2, the use of fire extinguishers:
Lift the fire extinguisher near the fire and stand in the windward position of the fire: (1) Pull out the safety pin; (2) Hold the nozzle tightly with one hand; (3) squeeze the handle with the other hand; (4) the nozzle is aimed at the root of the flame; (5) The effective spraying distance should be kept around1.5m. ..
(3) Matters needing attention in fire fighting
The fire is a crowded and complicated place. In order to put out the fire quickly and effectively, unified command is needed to ensure the integrity and coordination of fire fighting, avoid affecting the effectiveness of fire fighting and better complete the fire fighting work.
1, all actions follow the command;
2. Pay attention to your own safety and avoid casualties;
3. When using water to put out the electrical fire, you must first disconnect the power supply, and it is forbidden to put out the electrical fire.
4. When using the hose, prevent twisting and bending;
5. When extinguishing the liquid fire (gasoline, alcohol), the liquid surface cannot be sprayed directly, but should be sprayed from near and far, about 10 cm above the liquid surface, covering the burning surface to cut the flame;
6, pay attention to protect the scene, in order to facilitate the fire investigation;
(4) How to report a fire?
Call when the fire is too big to put out? 1 19? Call the police. To make a fire alarm call, you should:
1, be calm on the phone.
2. Hear the microphone say? Is this the fire alarm center? When reporting the fire situation, it is necessary to make clear the name of the unit where the fire occurred, the detailed location, the burning substance, the size of the fire, the alarm telephone number and the name of the alarm person.
3. Pay attention to the alarm center. Don't put the phone down until you're finished. When the other party says that the fire truck will arrive soon, hang up again and send someone to wait at the school gate to guide the fire truck to the fire scene quickly and accurately. At the same time, the fire situation should be reported to the school security office and the police station.
Fourth, the relevant fire duties
(1) Basic fire control obligations of units and individuals
1, maintain fire safety, protect fire control facilities and prevent fires;
2. Do not damage or misappropriate, dismantle or stop fire control facilities and equipment, bury or occupy fire hydrants, occupy fire prevention spaces or block fire exits;
3, any unit, adult citizens have the obligation to participate in organized fire fighting work;
Anyone who finds the fire should call the police immediately. Any unit or individual shall provide convenience for the alarm free of charge, and shall not block the alarm, and it is strictly forbidden to falsely report the fire.
(2) the legal responsibility of the unit
1, formulate fire safety system and fire safety operation procedures;
2, the implementation of fire safety responsibility system;
3, combined with the characteristics of the unit to conduct fire safety education for employees;
4, organize fire inspection, eliminate fire hazards in time;
5. Configure fire-fighting facilities and equipment, set up fire safety signs, and organize regular inspection and maintenance;
6. Ensure smooth evacuation routes and exits, and set fire safety evacuation signs in line with national regulations.
(three) the responsibilities of key units of fire safety
1, establish fire prevention files, determine the key parts of fire safety, set fire prevention signs and implement strict management;
2, daily fire inspection, and establish inspection records;
3. Conduct fire safety training for employees;
4, formulate fire fighting and emergency evacuation plan, organize regular fire drills.
What do you know about fire prevention? Teaching plan 2
moving target
1, cultivate children's initial awareness of self-protection.
2. Let children know several causes of fire and know how to prevent it.
3. Initially master several methods and skills of self-help and escape, and improve self-protection ability.
Activity preparation: Courseware, pictures, toys, towels, telephone and several fire safety signs.
Activity focus: fire prevention;
Activity difficulty: self-help.
Activity flow:
1. Find things that children can't play with and are easy to cause fire from some items, and stimulate children's interest in activities.
2. Look at the pictures and guide the children to tell the danger of fire. Fire can not only burn houses and people, but also burn forests and pollute the air.
3. Guide the children to tell the fire prevention methods through pictures, you know? Fire prevention? Sign.
In order to prevent fire, children should not play with fire casually.
② Mosquito-repellent incense should not be close to items that are easy to catch fire.
③ Don't set off fireworks casually.
Children should not play with unlit cigarette butts. When they see unlit cigarette butts, they should stamp them out in time.
⑤ Do you know? No fireworks? A symbol of.
4. Briefly explain the purpose of fire and eliminate the psychological pressure of children who are afraid of fire.
5. Let children master several methods and skills of self-help and escape.
What if there is a small fire? Is there a fire? Trapped in the room? What should I do if there is a fire in public places?
Teacher:
First call 1 19 to report the fire.
Check the cause and direction of the fire calmly, and choose the correct escape route without fire.
The fire is not big, so put on wet clothes, wet blankets and bedding, and rush out bravely. Never wear a plastic raincoat.
At home, you should abandon the property in the house and flee, focusing on your own life safety.
Escape from fireworks, cover your nose and mouth with wet towels or clothes as much as possible (not too wet, because contact with smoke will suffocate people) to avoid fainting by inhaling smoke and harmful gases.
When you escape, you should keep a clear head and think clearly about the route, so as not to rush in and drill indiscriminately, which will delay the opportunity.
Bend down and walk or crawl as far as possible, and stick to the ground for 30 cm.
When you open the door, you can wrap your hands in clothes to avoid being burned by the hot door handle.
If you are on fire, don't run, or you will run with the wind and add fuel to the fire. You should roll around or beat with something until the fire goes out.
Avoid fireworks and don't drill into the attic, under the bed or in the cupboard.
You can't take the elevator to escape from a burning building, because the power will be cut off in case of fire.
If the stairs are blocked by smoke or fire, don't rush through.
Don't jump off the building casually, you can wait for rescue on the balcony and close the doors and windows to prevent the fire from attacking the balcony. There is really no way out. You should immediately enter the house that is not threatened by fire, close the doors and windows, splash water on the ground and wait for rescue.
If there is no other way out, when you have to jump from a higher floor, you can quickly tie strong cloth or rope such as sheets together, tie one end to a window or balcony, and slowly slide down from it.
When you see the ambulance personnel, you should shout loudly, or shake colorful clothes while shouting. Rescuers should obey orders and commands when they arrive.
6. the game:? Safety, fire prevention and self-help games. Through games, children are trained not to be afraid or panic in case of fire, and their self-help ability is improved.
Activity extension: knowing signs and designing signs. Let the children design and post corresponding ones for different places? No fireworks, beware of fire? Wait for the signal.
What do you know about fire prevention?
Teaching plan of fire safety education for primary school students
Subject: Safety education on fire prevention, self-protection and self-rescue.
Teaching content:
Learn some knowledge about family fire protection. know oneself
Teaching objectives:
① By learning fire safety knowledge, students can fully understand all kinds of escape and self-help methods in fire.
② Cultivate students' self-survival ability and make them grow up safely and healthily.
Teaching emphasis and difficulty: establish the concept of self-protection and self-help in fire, and enhance safety awareness.
Teaching hours: 1 class hour.
Teaching equipment: projectors, slides or making courseware.
Teaching process:
Dialogue import:
Students live in a happy and warm family. They are cared for and cared for by their parents and beautiful women. There seems to be no danger. However, there are still many accidents in family life that need attention and careful treatment. Otherwise, it is easy to be dangerous and lead to accidents. Just like the fire in our classmate Mao Guanghui's house not long ago, we have to be vigilant and take a warning. Let's talk about what to pay attention to in family fires: (teachers and students * * *)
1. Power safety
With the continuous improvement of living standards, there are more and more places to use electricity in life. Therefore, it is necessary for us to master some basic knowledge of electricity consumption.
(1) Know the main power switch and learn to turn off the power in case of emergency.
(2) Don't touch the appliance with wet hands or wipe it with a wet cloth.
(3) Unplug the electrical appliance after use.
Our method:
Especially after watching TV, we only use the remote control to turn off the TV. In fact, the TV is still on standby at this time. This is not right. We must turn off the TV and unplug it ourselves.
B. When the electric fire box is used up, be sure to unplug it, and don't keep it in a state of heat preservation, which is the most prone to fire. This is the case with Mao's class.
C remind the old people that they are forgetful because of their old age, so we must check them carefully and tell them what we have learned today.
(4) In case of smoke, sparks and burning smell. Found in use, should immediately turn off the power switch and stop using.
(5) When lightning strikes, all kinds of electrical appliances in use, especially TV sets, should be turned off.
(6) When someone gets an electric shock, try to cut off the power supply in time, or use a dry wooden stick to separate the person who gets an electric shock from the charged electrical appliances. Don't save people directly by hand.
(7) The aged and skinned wires should be reported to the parents in time and replaced.
2. Fire caused by gas leakage and blowing.
3. Use lighters carefully to prevent children from playing with lighters.
Show all kinds of fire records with slides to learn self-help knowledge. Teachers and students summed up several escape methods.
1 outdoor fire survival closing method;
① Test the temperature of the door. Soak absorbent cotton with water. Block the doors and windows.
2 Indoor fire. Run away from the window.
3 fire exits in high-rise buildings.
4. Fire exits in public places.
5. Escape from the safety exit.
Three teachers introduced the fire alarm instructions:
1, remember the fire call? 1 19? When it happens, you can call from any phone, whether you owe money or not.
2, the fire address should be reported in detail:
No. XX road, XX village, XX city. Something is burning. The fire is very strong. Please come and put it out. My phone number is XX)
Send someone to pick up the fire truck at the main intersection.
Summary 4: (Paper jam) (Read aloud by the whole class)
In case of fire: keep calm in the crisis. Remember the exit carefully. Put out small fires. Do not play with them. Don't be greedy for money, cover your nose and climb. The fire has burned you, don't run away. Jumping off a building is skillful, although it will damage your survival.
Let the students who have experienced the fire talk about people's psychology and behavior in detail. The teacher helped them point out the misunderstanding at that time.
Six summary:
As long as you are careful everywhere, pay attention to safety, master the knowledge of self-help and self-care, exercise your self-care and self-help ability, and bravely deal with all kinds of abnormal situations or dangers, you can grow up healthily.
Seven attached blackboard designs:
Fire prevention, self-protection and self-help safety education
Use electricity, gas and lightning to paste the abstract on the cardboard.