Teaching objectives:
1, accumulate classical Chinese words
2. Read the text to understand the author's complicated mood.
3. Understand the author's yearning and sadness for the motherland.
Teaching emphasis: to understand the author's yearning for the motherland and his feelings of sadness.
Teaching process:
First, import
"The shadow on the lake is only the trace of the long embankment, a small pavilion in the middle of the lake, a mustard with Yu Zhou, and only two or three people on board."
"Don't say" xianggong "is stupid, let alone" xianggong "is stupid." -"Looking at the Lake Pavilion Snow"
Who is an idiot here? Qing: Zhang Dai ("idiot" on the blackboard)
Second, the interpretation of idiots
1. Read the text for the first time and find out the sentences that reflect the author's identity.
Tao An's country perished in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.
Endless, hiding in the mountains after death (noble integrity)
Because the mallow tree is not a good pen and ink writer (recognized as the most accomplished writer in Ming Dynasty)
People in the past grew up in Xie Wang, but they were born in a luxurious family, not very rich and prosperous.
Bottles of millet have been used up repeatedly, so we can't light fire, cloth and vegetarian food, and our livelihood is difficult.
2. Thinking: ① What was the prosperity in the past, and what words reflected it? In what ways?
Smooth, light and warm, sweet, gentle, cool, fragrant and obedient.
(Prosperity: wear, wear, eat, live and travel)
Data link: Born in a bureaucratic family, born in an ordinary scholarly younger brother. "Little dude, lecherous, good house, beautiful maid, good child molester, good clothes, good food, good horses, good lanterns, good fireworks, good pear garden, good propaganda, good antiques, good flowers and birds ..." ("。
(2) What is the poor life of the author now?
Report the skull with a hat and the heel with a hip; Enjoy a bitter taste in autumn and a bitter taste in Zhu; Reward meat with Hopkins and grain with grain; Recommend beds and report stone pillows; Report fulcrum with rope and report with urn; Smoke to the eyes, shit to the nose; Repay the foot with the Tao, and return the shoulder with the bag.
Data link: "From 1950 to 1950, the country broke down and the family died, avoiding the mountains. What's left is a broken bed, a broken piano and some books, only one side is missing. Clothes and vegetables often go bad. " (epitaph for myself)
③ What other idiots are mentioned in the article? Where is its delusion? What are the similarities?
Porter in Xiling: If you trip and break the urn, you can't pay for it. You just sit there and think, "I wish I had a dream!" " "
Chinese poor man: suddenly, he still has no real meaning, so he bit his arm and said, "Is it a dream?"
A dream, lest it be not a dream, lest it be a dream, is an idiot.
Third, what is an idiotic dream?
What "crazy dreams" did the author mention? What do you mean essentially?
(1) prosperous and gorgeous, fleeting, fifty years, a dream.
Relax and travel.
(2) The so-called idiot can't talk about dreams before.
The haunting past of the old country in the dream
(3) I have a big dream today and I'm still talking about it.
Painful literary creation
Fourth, appreciate infatuation.
1, the contrast between the present and the past life situation is so great, so what is the author's mood and what sentences can it be reflected in?
(1) Yao Si remembers the past, keeps a notebook, holds the Buddha, and repents one by one.
Regret-he has a strong Buddhist thought, but he is not a devout Buddhist believer.
(2) "I draw a picture, such as wandering the old road, such as seeing old friends and city people, and turning to complacency."
Happy-happy but sad
(3) I knew that I was young and old, and I starved to death, and I didn't eat it, or my descendants put on makeup.
Sorrow-hardship and pain
(Repentance? Like evil? Sadness and evil? Repentance and joy, joy and real sadness, this is an idiot's mood. )
2. What are the similarities between the author and two idiots?
Idiot, remember dreams, true evil, dream evil?
Dream: Hope is like a porter in Xiling, and the immediate predicament is a big dream.
Really: I hope to be poor. The grand occasion before was not a dream.
Truth becomes a dream, and the dream seems to be true. This is the author's mentality. )
3. What are the real emotions hidden behind the complicated mood and mentality?
(1) The big dream will wake up, and the author is still carving insects, and it is talking.
Carving insects refers to writing, which refers to "Dream of Tao 'an" and "Dream of West Lake", which reposes the thoughts of the old country and the sadness of parting.
(2) "The country is ruined, but it doesn't return, and it goes into the mountains, but it is a savage" and "writing poems, and every desire leads to its decision" can also be used as examples to show that the author is obsessed with the old dynasty, so his thinking about the country is indelible.
(3) Because of sighing literati, fame and fortune are hard to change, politics is like the dream of Handan, and the bell is missing. Lu Sheng's legacy is that he still wants to copy the two kings of sofas for future generations. His name is deeply rooted, as strong as a relic, and still burns fiercely.
Literati's fame is hard to change, and Lu Shenggong's fame is firm and cannot be burned. So what is firmness for Zhang Dai?
What is firm is his yearning for his old country and his sadness of parting.
The author knows that the old country has gone and the world is no longer there, but he is still firmly rooted in his own name, and his heart is attached to the old dynasty, conveying the indelible sadness of his separation. This cannot be called "madness"!
Verb (abbreviation of verb) appreciates artistic characteristics
First, there is a sad and profound contrast between the past and the present.
In the first half of the article, the author compares his poverty in his later years with the prosperity and luxury of that year. In the past, the kind, soft, cool, elegant and obedient leisurely life is now only "rewarding meat with fleas, rewarding grain with grain", "rewarding beds with recommendations and rewarding pillows with stones". The author attributed today's hardship and hunger to the luxury of the past and regarded the ups and downs of the past 50 years as a big dream of life. As he said in his self-made epitaph: "It's a dream to be a dude, love prosperity ... and work hard for half your life." All this, when he recalled the past in his later years, he regretted it. Therefore, "Yao thinks about the past, remembers it as a book, holds the Buddha, and repents one by one." Here we can see the gist of his writing, and the reason why he named his book Dream, which makes people lament that the author wandered between reality and dream.
Second, the metaphor of convenience
After summarizing the characteristics of this book, the author ridiculed himself as "You can't dream until you are crazy". In order to visualize his idiocy, he wrote two stories about idiots. This is not so much an old story that sounds specious as two appropriate metaphors that the author feels excited and handy. You don't have to believe it, just know its interest. The porters in Xiling are afraid that it is not a dream, and the pilots are afraid that it is a dream. Although their wishes are different, the essence of being an idiot is the same as that of the author. In this way, the seemingly illusory metaphor, under the influence of the author's trust, turns virtual into real, which is related to the author's actual state and makes people understand.
Third, real and sensible allusions.
Before the article, the author described his psychology of "going into the mountains", eating a vegetarian diet, and even went to the point of "breaking the kitchen", remembering the story of Boyi and Shu Qi starving to death in shouyangshan; After the prosperity, when it was finally disillusioned by vicissitudes of life, I wrote an allusion that Lu Sheng slept in Handan Hotel during the day, experienced wealth and prosperity, and was still immature after waking up. When I mentioned that my writing is still "hard to change my name and meaning" and "my name has not been lost", I once again wrote an allusion in my dream that Lu Sheng wanted to spread the calligraphy of the two kings to future generations. In this way, the author's realistic psychological state changed from invisible silence to concrete sensation in this seemingly casual allusion.
Abstract of intransitive verbs
Zhang Dai, he is really a complicated idiot. He has a strong Buddhist thought, but he is not a devout Buddhist believer. He was born in a poetic family, but his thoughts were loose but he had a strong national consciousness. He knows that his old country is gone and the world is gone, but his name is still strong and his heart is tied to the old dynasty.
In the preface of Tao An's Dream, the author's hatred of the country's demise, his yearning for his native land and his mental pain after vicissitudes of life are vividly reflected in the forms of reality and illusion, and the coexistence of reality and reality.