Old people should objectively realize that time and tide wait for no man, treat physical changes correctly, have regular physical examinations, find diseases and treat them as soon as possible. Don't take chances, be careless and delay treatment; Don't be intimidated by illness, face death calmly, think that birth, aging, illness and death are natural laws, and live every day carefully, not only to provide yourself with a sense of security, but also to be happy, study and make a difference.
Keep in touch with the external environment: Keeping in touch with nature, society and people can not only enrich your spiritual life and make you happy, but also adjust your behavior in time to better adapt to the environment. Cultivate more hobbies and make life colorful.
Regular life, moderate body and mind: the elderly should learn to arrange regular life and reasonable rest time, and exercise selectively and regularly according to their hobbies and physical condition. Physical exercises such as running, playing ball, climbing mountains and Tai Ji Chuan, and mental exercises such as chess and cards can not only enhance physical fitness, but also delay the decline of brain function and effectively delay the decline of advanced psychological functions such as memory, thinking ability and energy.
Family harmony is the basis of the physical and mental health of the elderly: the elderly often feel lonely and hope to get the care and care of their families. Therefore, children should always communicate with the elderly, and discuss things with the elderly so that the elderly can get the respect they deserve. Widowed old people will feel lonely when they live alone. Therefore, children should understand the courtship needs of the elderly, support their courtship behavior and satisfy their wishes.
Go out more, contact more, communicate more, communicate more. The sunset is still beautiful!
2. What health knowledge do the elderly have?
Physical health knowledge of the elderly: health standard Article 1: No serious illness, stable condition Minor illness "No serious illness" refers to the deterioration of important organs such as heart, brain and kidney due to age, but it has not caused abnormal function, and has not suffered from malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (such as myocardial infarction and stroke).
"Minor illness stability" means that some related high-risk factors can be controlled within the standard range suitable for this age group. For example, although there are hypertension and diabetes, it can be controlled within a reasonable range by taking medicine and changing lifestyle, and will not cause complications such as heart and kidney. The related high-risk factors of the elderly refer to the related risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, mainly hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. The specific data of these risk factors control targets are given in the standard: 1. Blood pressure.
People without high blood pressure
Non-diabetes: 5.0% ~ 6.5%; Diabetes without complications: 6.0%~7.0%. 3. blood lipids.
Total blood cholesterol is 3. 1~6.2 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is 1.8~3.9 mmol/L, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is >: 1.0 mmol/L, and triglyceride is 0.8 ~ 2.3 mmol/L. Article 2: Intellectual. Self-satisfaction or self-evaluation is a relatively new concept of the health of the elderly in the world.
With the help of family members, the elderly can make a simple assessment with MMSE. The score of each question is 1, with a full score of 30. Older people with a junior high school education level of ≥27 are classified as normal, and older people with a education level of ≥25 are classified as normal.
The specific questions are as follows: 1. What year is this year? 2. What season is it now? 3.what's the date today? 4. What day is it today? 5. What month is it now? 6. Which country are you in now? 7. Which province (city)? 8. What is the specific address? 9. What floor do you live on now? 10. What is this place? 1 1. Repeat: Look. 12. I repeat: pen.
13. Repeat: glasses. 14. 100 minus 7? How much is 15.93 minus 7? How much is 16.86 minus 7? How much is 17.79 minus 7? How much is 18.72 minus 7? 19~2 1. Think back to the three objects just repeated.
22. Show the old man his hat and ask him to name the object. 23. Show the towel to the old man and let him name the object.
24. Repeat: If, and but. Write "close your eyes" on the card for the old man to read.
26. Let the old man hold the paper in his right hand. 27. Let the old man fold the paper in half.
28. Let the old man put the paper on his left leg. 29. Write a complete sentence.
30. Draw according to the sample, as shown below. Note: for the question 1 1~ 13, the elderly should say three things in succession; Question 26-28, it is necessary to make three action instructions in succession. For hemiplegic patients, the conductor can be the healthy hand; Question 29: Only when the subject, predicate and object of the sentence are complete can you score; Question 30: The figure drawn by the patient has the correct spatial relationship, that is, two pentagons cross and form a quadrilateral in the middle to score points.
Article 3: Elderly people with healthy mentality should fully understand their physical strength, mental state and social participation potential throughout their lives. Even very old people can contribute to their families, society and country, and increase their sense of happiness and belonging.
Such as cooking, cleaning and so on. , contribute to the family, is the performance of mental health. The mental state of the elderly can be evaluated by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).
* * * 15, total score 15. < 5 normal. Specific topic: 1. Are you basically satisfied with your life? (65438+ no answer 0); 2. Did you lose a lot of activities or interests? (The answer is1); 3. Do you feel that life is empty? (The answer is1); 4. Do you often feel bored? (The answer is1); 5. Are you energetic most of the time? (65438+ no answer 0); 6. Are you afraid that something bad will happen to you? (The answer is1); 7. Are you happy most of the time? (65438+ no answer 0); 8. Do you often feel helpless? (The answer is1); 9. Would you rather stay at home than go out and do something new? (The answer is1); 10. Do you think there are any outstanding memory problems? (The answer is1); 1 1. Do you think your current life is wonderful? (65438+ no answer 0); 12. Do you think your present lifestyle is worthless? (The answer is1); 13. Are you energetic? (65438+ no answer 0); 14. Do you think your situation is hopeless? (The answer is1); 15. Do you think most people are better than you? (The answer is 1).
Article 4: It is very important to evaluate the activity ability of the elderly who can take care of themselves. Whether you can maintain a basic life can be evaluated by ADL of the elderly. See the table on the left 1. It is normal for the elderly to reach 100, and it is normal for the elderly to reach 95.
Article 5: A good and regular lifestyle is the foundation of the health of the elderly. We should have a regular daily life, moderate diet, no unnecessary work, a calm mood, and quit smoking and drinking cautiously. It is mainly measured from five aspects.
1. Diet therapy. Make sure to consume 1 kg of fruits and vegetables, 1 egg, not less than 1 200ml of water, 2 ounces of oil and not more than 6g of salt (equivalent to1beer bottle cap) every day.
2. Quit smoking. Studies have shown that lung function began to improve after quitting smoking for 3 months, and the risk of heart attack decreased by 50% after 1 year.
3. Exercise. The elderly can choose brisk walking, swimming, dancing, cycling and other aerobic exercises according to their own conditions.
3~5 times a week, the amount of exercise should reach the standard of heart rate 120 times/minute, and the body is slightly sweating. 4. Be careful with the wine.
Moderate drinking is good for health. The specific standard is alcohol ≤25g/ day, which is approximately equal to beer ≤ 750ml, wine ≤ 250ml and high-concentration liquor ≤ 50ml. Patients with hypertension had better give up drinking.
5. Mental health. What healthy old people should do: study hard and understand fashion; Do more housework, ingenuity; Friends get together and attend more; When encountering difficulties, take the initiative to seek help; Help others and be happy.
If you can meet the above five standards, congratulations, you are a healthy old man. If you are not old enough, start now and set a goal to become a healthy old man in the future.
Health knowledge of the elderly: bad performance 1. The way of walking is very strange. Have you noticed that your parents have recently become dull or difficult to walk in a straight line?
3. What are the characteristics of the psychological changes of the elderly?
With the growth of age, the psychology of the elderly will change greatly.
The psychological endurance of the general elderly will be greatly reduced. When encountering difficulties or setbacks, the emotional reaction will be stronger and the impact on physical and mental health will be more obvious. So, what are the psychological characteristics of the elderly? (1) forgetfulness.
Some people are ashamed of their lack of self-confidence and think that their intelligence is declining, but it is not as serious as they think. The intelligence of the elderly is gradually declining. It is generally believed that intelligence reached its highest level at the age of 65,438+08, and then gradually declined. At the age of 50, it is only equivalent to 15 of the intellectual age, and the decline is more obvious after 80 years old. At the age of 85, it is equivalent to the intelligence level of children at the age of 5 10 months. Due to individual differences, it can be 65,438+00%-25.
As the memory of the elderly declines, this is also the main factor of forgetfulness. (2) anxiety.
With the increase of age, the mental and emotional changes of depression become more and more obvious, which is manifested as inner emptiness, easy to produce emotional reactions of anxiety and depression, and often accompanied by self-blame. There is often a feeling of being alarmist, sometimes a sense of disaster tension, or depression, and a lack of enterprising attitude when encountering problems.
Among the elderly outpatients with financial difficulties, 48% suffer from depression, while among the elderly with good health and economic conditions, 44% have depressive symptoms. Many people have/kloc-0 seizures every month, lasting for hours or days, showing depression, worry, depression, anxiety, and a sense of self-blame for recalling the past. (3) Mood is changeable.
When the brain tissue is aging or accompanied by some brain diseases, there will often be obvious emotional changes, often losing self-control, easily getting angry and difficult to calm down. The degree of emotional excitement does not correspond to the degree of things that go wrong. Sometimes I feel sad or uneven about the surrounding environment and the fate of the characters in the film and television, and there are different degrees of emotional changes such as high mood, low mood and excitement, sometimes naive and simple, sometimes excited and so on.
(4) hypochondriasis. Half of the elderly over 60 can have hypochondriac symptoms. This is because the psychological characteristics of the elderly have changed from caring about foreign objects to caring about their own bodies. In addition, these worries can be strengthened by some subjective feelings, and because of their stubborn and stubborn personality, they are more prone to hypochondriac symptoms, such as head discomfort, tinnitus, gastrointestinal dysfunction, insomnia and so on.
Even if you feel a little uncomfortable, you should tell the people around you. Sometimes I pay too much attention to some medical knowledge in newspapers and books and compare it with my own discomfort. I often feel uneasy and nervous, and even go to the doctor many times.
(5) Suspicion and jealousy. It is generally believed that when people enter old age, their distrust and self-esteem of people around them will increase, and they will often care about other people's manners. In severe cases, they think that others have ulterior motives and often have doubts about them.
Due to the decline of physiological function, it is easy to doubt the behavior of spouses and often quarrel with them. Moreover, due to the decline of judgment and understanding, these ideas tend to become more stubborn and even develop into delusions.
Whenever I witness the lively and active character of young people, I often feel jealous and blame myself for it.
4. What is the sexual psychology of middle-aged and elderly people?
Time flies and the pace of life is in a hurry. After experiencing childhood, adolescence and adolescence, people will inevitably cross middle age and old age.
People have different physiological and psychological characteristics at different ages. In the second half of life, these characteristics change more obviously, especially on sexual issues. "I am old, I can't." This is a common saying of many middle-aged and elderly people. Is that really the case? When middle-aged and elderly people arrive, their physiological and psychological changes are obvious and their sexual function is gradually declining.
If the physiological and psychological changes in a person's life are drawn into a curve in the shape of a mountain peak, then youth is an upward slope, and from middle age to old age, it is a downward slope from "flat" step by step. In the middle and old age, people's physiology is facing a process of gradual aging, and people's psychology is also facing a process of gradual aging.
Psychological aging and physiological aging are interactive and influence each other. At the same time, environmental changes such as retirement and children leaving home to live independently also have a great influence on psychological aging.
Psychological changes are also closely related to human personality, ideals, outlook on life and other factors. Psychological aging is considered as a precursor of psychological disorder, so some people regard it as a "catalyst" for death.
The main manifestations of mental aging of the elderly are the decline of sensory perception, memory and imagination, language ability and thinking ability, emotional instability, will decline, reaction ability decline, hobbies decrease, and personality becomes somewhat stubborn, allergic, impatient and eccentric. And produce a sense of aging and death. Psychological changes related to sex are manifested in the change of sexual role, the narrowing of personality differences and the increase of psychological obstacles in sexual life.
When people get old, important changes often take place in family life. Most of the children are adults, either ready to get married or organize a family to live independently. The family has changed from a stable period (from having children to adulthood) to a period of leaving the nest.
This has a relatively small impact on the father, but it is a great psychological blow to those loving mothers who are used to playing the role of mother and regard their children as more important than themselves. They suddenly become lonely and hesitant, resulting in a strong sense of loss. According to the survey of social psychologists, Jewish family values are very heavy, and Jewish women can't stand the loss of their mother's role in the family.
Women in China have a similar situation. In European countries, women's family concept is indifferent, especially the psychological connection with children is not as good as that of Jews. They are more open-minded, so there are fewer emotional storms in their old age.
In old age, the relationship between husband and wife has also changed. Because older women tend to be healthier than older men, they take care of their husbands more than in the past.
5. Love life and be kind to life psychology (50 words)
To love life, we must learn to be kind to ourselves, learn to fly and get closer to nature. There are many interesting things in life, and there are also many beautiful things in life. We can try to do what we like. Playing football, surfing the internet, going on an outing with friends, swimming in the sea, fishing by the stream, watching comedies, climbing favorite mountains, watching waterfalls and listening to the sound of waves ... so. Too much happiness needs our participation. We run, we jump, we laugh and we sing. This beauty is all because of life. Cherish life and make it valuable. Enrich yourself and improve yourself. In order to enrich and perfect your life, you have no reason not to work hard, but to make your life wonderful because of your struggle. Cherish life, learn to treat life with a normal heart, and adjust your mentality in time.
6. Psychology of the elderly
Psychological changes and mental health problems in the process of aging
Psychologically, the process of life is called "life development cycle" and the existence of family is called "family development cycle". It means that the process of life is staged, a process of development, and also a process of loss. The old age of life is also a stage of human development. No matter how old we are, there is no doubt that each of us is gradually becoming an old man. This shows that the process of human existence is a process of gradual aging, and it cannot be a trend of rejuvenation. No one can avoid this. God and nature are arranged in this way, which is fair. Everyone wants to live as comfortably and naturally as possible, without diseases and disasters, and make full use of their lives in this aging process. However, from the middle age of 40 to 50, the five senses function of adults began to decline, especially in the old age. Therefore, when people enter old age, the first thing to pay attention to is to predict which part of the body and which aspect may go wrong first, and then prevent and adapt.
1. perceptual change: visual change: the eyes are not easy to distinguish cool colors such as blue, green and purple, but are more sensitive to warm colors such as red, yellow and orange; Retinal vision declines, and it can't adapt to the change of light and shade, so the house where the elderly live should be decorated with bright colors and sufficient light. Hearing changes: tinnitus, auditory hallucination, hearing loss (not good at treble, but good at bass) and hearing aid use are prone to occur; Decline of taste: the taste cells are degraded, the taste of sweet and sour tastes is reduced (less sensitive), which affects appetite, changes in eating habits, and tooth loss affects chewing function. Skin and hair: Causes of skin aging: the tiny blood vessels of skin decrease and atrophy, the blood circulation of skin decreases, subcutaneous fat decreases, sweat glands and sebaceous glands atrophy, and the function of skin pigment cells decreases. Hair aging. Bones and joints: bone spurs, hunchbacks, fractures and other problems caused by osteoporosis; Pay attention to keep an upright posture and don't carry heavy objects; Pay attention to the design of family and public facilities convenient for the elderly.
2. Changes in intellectual function
The decline of intelligence in the process of aging is not comprehensive, and the effect of solving various complex problems in real life is still at a high level, even exceeding that of young and middle-aged people in many aspects. A series of studies have found that the intelligence of the elderly is still very plastic. Research shows that the intelligence of the elderly is related to many factors, including physical health, culture and society. Therefore, insisting on using the brain is conducive to maintaining a good intellectual level and social function in old age, and exercise also has a significant role in promoting intelligence.
This characteristic of the intellectual development of the elderly is of great significance to the education of the elderly and the development of human resources. Optimize the structure of education industry, build a lifelong learning system and establish an education network for the elderly; Developing various forms of education for the elderly, such as universities for the elderly, TV universities for the elderly and online schools for the elderly, can help the elderly to increase their knowledge, meet the learning and education needs of the elderly population, greatly develop their intelligence, make them enjoy learning, form an elderly group and a unique subculture in the learning process, and improve their life satisfaction and subjective well-being. On the other hand, the development and utilization of high-skilled elderly human resources can not only increase social income, reduce social burden and national financial pressure, but also alleviate the structural shortage of human resources in China, which is of great significance to meet the economic and psychological needs of these elderly people and improve their mental health.
Step 3 remember
When you get older, you will forget the trivial things of life, such as where you put your glasses and keys just now, where you put important documents and money, and sometimes you can't even remember the names of your relatives and friends for a while and forget your house number. Old people can mainly recall the past, but they have a poor memory of the present. So when you go out to visit friends, you'd better write down the bus and route in your notebook first.
4. Feeling and emotion
Old people become emotionally fragile and don't like to hear bad or tragic things. I don't want to talk about diseases and cancer in my life, and I don't want to be told that I am old and dying.
Be cautious and timid about things, and always worry that something bad will happen. It is also prone to anxiety and depression. I don't like to hear about killing, horror and blood. Watching TV is also like a relaxing and happy program. There is even a phenomenon of youthfulness, and some even become a little naive and naive like children, like small animals and like to play with children.
5. Personality and psychological changes
Old people sometimes become self-centered, caring only for themselves and lacking care for others. Love to talk about their own affairs, easy to complain to others, there is a tendency to complain face to face and hypochondriac. Sometimes personality will become alert, suspicious, or stubborn and conservative. Life becomes lonely, lonely and melancholy. I can't adapt to physical disability and functional decline. Fear of death and so on.
summary
Healthy aging is the key content of health care for the elderly in 2 1 century. It means that most elderly people can maintain good physical and mental health and have good intellectual, psychological, social and economic functions and conditions when they enter an aging society. It is one of the important ways to deal with the problem of population aging to correctly understand the psychological characteristics of the elderly and effectively maintain and promote their mental health level. Therefore, we should focus on "a sense of security for the elderly, housing security, health and longevity;" Have medical care for the elderly; Do something old, and then make contributions; Learn from the old and make continuous progress; "Happy old age, colorful life" and other "five old" goals to solve the problem of healthy aging in China.
7. What are the sexual psychological changes of the elderly?
Old age refers to the period from 60 or 65 to the end of life.
This period is a period of obvious physical and psychological aging and decline. So, what sexual psychological changes did the elderly have during this period? When people get old, important changes usually take place in family life.
Most of the children are adults and married, and the family changes from a stable period to an empty nest period, so the elderly will have a strong sense of loss. In addition, because older women are usually healthier than older men, the protected roles of men and women have changed-men have become protected, and changes in family roles will also affect their sex lives, which will lead to changes in their sexual roles.
It is manifested as entering old age, and the sexual ability of the elderly will be affected to some extent due to obvious changes in physiological functions. As a result, both men and women began to worry about their physical aging.
At the same time, the sexual life satisfaction of the elderly has declined, and their worries and anxieties about their sexual ability have gradually become obvious.