Reading and listening to stories
Teachers recommend excellent and targeted reading materials to students, or create and write psychological health education columns by themselves. Arrange reading discussion and exchange reading experience in class, or tell some meaningful stories, so that students can get inspiration from them, thus changing their attitude towards life and action and promoting the development of self-personality.
Cognitive change
Teachers change students' unreasonable beliefs and opinions by asking questions, suggesting and persuading, so as to restore and establish a reasonable and positive way of thinking. Solve students' psychological problems and promote their healthy personality development.
Role-playing:
Role-playing method is a kind of setting a certain situation and theme, allowing students to play a certain role, fully understanding the emotional changes and behavior patterns of the role through behavior imitation or behavior substitution, and revealing their own or role's personality, emotions, interpersonal communication, inner conflicts and other psychological problems. Then through observation, experience, analysis and discussion, students can be educated. Its function is to reveal the weaknesses and contradictions in the behavior and character of the parties in the process of playing the role; Provides the opportunity for the parties to vent their depressed emotions; Let them know about the role and eliminate unnecessary misunderstandings and suspicions; Let them learn reasonable and effective behavior. As an audience, although students don't play a role, they may also identify with actors.
Role-playing takes different forms:
1, group role-playing.
Its main steps are: setting goals and determining situations; Instructors explain role-playing and exclude all kinds of students.
Concern; Tutors guide students to develop plots, prepare scripts, set roles and assign roles; During the performance, teachers can
As a guide, it can also play a role; Analyze and discuss afterwards and express your feelings.
2. Personal form of role-playing.
Let the students play themselves in life, and the tutor plays his parents, classmates, friends, etc.
3. Let the students take turns to play two roles.
Another role to deal with is to replace it with an empty chair. Ask students to practice talking with imaginary people sitting in empty chairs.
4. Fixed role-playing.
Ask the students to play a role different from their original character according to the draft written by their tutor. If the student is passive, let him play an active role. For two weeks, students must carefully read the draft of the play three times a day, and speak, think and act according to their roles in daily life to deal with others.
Principles of using role-playing method:
1. If students obviously show fear, don't force them to play, but give them some other tasks until they automatically participate.
2. Encourage students to regard role-playing as a game.
3. Focus on the role you play, not the students. Pay attention to the meaning and feeling of the role, not how well the students perform. Create a non-critical atmosphere, so that students have confidence and like to express themselves.
4. The classroom atmosphere should be active, and students with poor performance should actively pay attention to the performers and give them more support and encouragement.
Example guidance method:
Teachers make use of students' imitative characteristics, and through the observation of example behavior, let them strengthen themselves and imitate the words and deeds of example, so as to achieve the purpose of education. Examples can be real or symbolic (by
The role model presented by the media). Principles of applying the example guidance method:
1, the choice of role models must be amiable, respectable and credible, and have great similarity with learners.
2. The demonstration of example behavior should be gradual.
3. While giving an example, it is best to give a comment and highlight the imitation behavior.
4. Provide psychological guarantee for students' imitation behavior and encourage students to imitate boldly.
5. Provide students with timely feedback information and strengthen imitation behavior.
Common sample guidance methods:
1, visit, visit. Visit factories, villages, parks, schools, etc. Visit workers, farmers and outstanding students, listen to their words and deeds, stimulate students' strong desire to learn from the example and start from their side, strengthen their self-cultivation and develop good behavior habits. For example, when you walk into the park, you can see that many people take the initiative to throw the peel scraps into the garbage bin instead of trampling on the lawn. Teachers take the opportunity to prompt and improve students' imitation tendency. It can be said that a purposeful visit is only a small part of role model learning, and it is more important for students to imitate the role models around them and start from their daily lives. Because the role model is alive, it is easier for students to keep their attention, so this method is suitable for all grades of primary school. From the perspective of educational content, it is more suitable for personality shaping, aesthetic feeling formation and good behavior.
Habit formation, etc.
2. Media teaching
Make full use of scientific and technological teaching methods to present role models through the media (including pictures, slides, recordings, videos, movies, cartoons, text descriptions, etc.). ), let students observe role models and learn by imitation. This kind of example can highlight the behavior that needs to be imitated better than the real example, because the teacher can make detailed arrangements in advance, and it is safer than the real example with no strict restrictions and full of changes. Because the media model can be reused, it is a good way in psychological education. Practice has proved that "Hundred Patriotic Movies Education" has achieved good educational results. Because this teaching method is entertaining, lively and interesting, it is very popular with students, and can teach students of different grades. The teaching content can cover many aspects.
Discussion method:
Discussion is the most commonly used method in all teaching activities. It is under the guidance and organization of teachers that students are right.
A learning method of expressing one's views, feelings and opinions on a specific topic and discussing them in groups. This prescription
Law can brainstorm, communicate each other's thoughts and feelings, and promote the solution of problems. Mental health education can usually be used.
The ways of collective discussion in educational courses are: