About environmental protection

First, the soil was destroyed. According to the reference news, the fertility of cultivated land in 1 10 country (*** 10 billion people) is decreasing. In Africa, Asia and Latin America, soil erosion is very serious due to the disappearance of forest vegetation, over-exploitation of cultivated land and over-grazing of pasture. The bare land becomes fragile and cannot resist the long-term wind and rain erosion. In some places, the annual soil loss can reach per hectare 100 tons. The overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the falling of toxic dust related to air pollution, the spraying of mud everywhere and the dumping of harmful wastes everywhere are generally irreversible pollution to the land. Soil refers to the loose surface layer with fertile land surface, which can grow plants, and the thickness is generally about 2 m. Soil not only provides mechanical support for plant growth, but also provides fertility elements such as water, fertilizer, gas and heat for plant growth and development. In recent years, due to the rapid growth of population and the rapid development of industry, solid wastes are piled up and dumped on the soil surface, harmful wastewater seeps into the soil, and harmful gases and floating dust in the atmosphere continue to fall into the soil with rainwater, resulting in soil pollution. Any substance that interferes with the normal function of soil, reduces the yield and quality of crops, and indirectly affects human health through food, vegetables, fruits, etc. , known as soil pollutants. 2. The greenhouse effect of climate change and energy waste is a serious threat to all mankind. According to the prediction of 2,500 representative experts, the sea level will rise, and many densely populated areas (such as Bangladeshi, China coastal areas and most islands in the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean) will be submerged. Rising temperatures will also have a serious impact on agriculture and ecosystems. It is predicted that from 1990 to 20 10, the energy consumption in the Asia-Pacific region will double and that in Latin America will increase by 50%-70%. Therefore, the process of energy-saving technology transfer between the west and developing countries should be strengthened. In particular, we should use economic incentives to enable industrialists to develop technology to improve the utilization efficiency of industrial resources. Third, biodiversity is decreasing. Due to urbanization, agricultural development, forest reduction and environmental pollution, the natural area has become smaller and smaller, leading to the extinction of the greenhouse effect map of thousands of species. Because the extinction of some species will lead to the disappearance of many molecules that can be used to make new drugs, and also lead to the disappearance of many genes that can help crops overcome bad weather, and even lead to plague. Fourth, the reduction of forest area. In recent decades, the forest area in tropical countries has also been seriously reduced. In 1980- 1990,1500,000 hectares of forest disappeared in the world. At the current rate of forest area reduction, 40 years later, some Southeast Asian countries will never see a tree again. 5. Freshwater resources are threatened. According to experts' estimation, from the beginning of the next century, a quarter of the world will be short of water for a long time. Please remember that we can't make water, we can only try to protect it. Sixth, chemical pollution. Millions of compounds brought by industry exist in air, soil, water, plants, animals and human body. Even the ice sheet, the last large natural ecosystem on earth, has been polluted. Those organic compounds, heavy metals and toxic products are concentrated in the whole food chain, which will eventually threaten the health of animals and plants, lead to cancer and weaken soil fertility. Seven, chaotic urbanization. By the end of this century, there will be 2 1 big cities in the world, and the living conditions of big cities will further deteriorate: congestion, water pollution, poor sanitation and insecurity-the disorderly expansion of these big cities has also destroyed natural areas. Therefore, unrestricted urbanization should be regarded as a new drawback of civilization. Eight, the over-exploitation of the ocean and pollution in coastal areas. Due to overfishing, the fishery resources of the ocean are decreasing at an alarming rate. Therefore, many poor people who live in the polar ozone hole and rely on protein to eat seafood are facing the threat of hunger. The rich heavy metals and organophosphorus compounds in fish may bring serious problems to the health of fish eaters. The coastal areas are under great population pressure. 60% of the world's population is crowded in places less than 100 km from the sea. This crowded population makes these usually fragile places out of balance. Nine, air pollution. The air in most big cities contains many pollutants from heating, transportation and factory production. These pollutants threaten the health of tens of millions of citizens and cause many deaths. Toxic gases are mainly carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and inhalable particles. Ten, the polar ozone hole. Although people have signed the Montreal Protocol, an ozone hole still forms over the earth's poles every spring. The ozone layer in the Arctic is lost by 20% to 30%, and the ozone layer in the Antarctic is lost by more than 50%.