Canine glomerulonephritis, referred to as canine nephritis, is a kind of diffuse glomerular damage caused by infection. Clinically it is characterized by edema, hematuria and proteinuria. According to the course, it can be divided into acute nephritis and chronic nephritis.
First, the cause of dog nephritis
The etiology of nephritis is almost always related to immune mechanism. Because the antigen-antibody complex in circulating blood is attached near the glomerulus, when there is reinfection, it will react on the basement membrane of glomerular capillaries, causing basement membrane damage and glomerulonephritis. Common antigens are:
1, bacteria (mostly pyogenic bacteria). Such as skin abscess and pyometra;
2. parasites. Such as Toxoplasma gondii and canine nausea filariasis. ;
3. Malignant tumor;
4. Some infectious diseases. Such as canine infectious hepatitis, canine parvovirus disease, tuberculosis and leptospirosis;
5. Toxic factors. Such as endogenous toxin, toxemia, septicemia and bacteremia.
Second, the diagnosis points of canine nephritis:
A), acute nephritis:
1, urine volume decreased, specific gravity increased and urine protein increased.
2. There are transparent tubes in urine sediment. Sometimes there are epithelial casts and scattered red blood cells, white blood cells and pathogenic bacteria.
3. The sick dog is depressed, with elevated body temperature, anorexia and sometimes vomiting.
4. The kidney area is sensitive to touch pressure and the kidney is swollen. The sick dog doesn't want to move. When standing, hunch your back and tuck your abdomen in, and tuck your limbs under your abdomen. When forced to exercise, the gait is strong and the steps are small.
5, sick dogs urinate frequently, but the urine volume is small. Some dogs can see hematuria or anuria.
6. Dogs with a long course of disease may have blood circulation disorders, all veins are congested, and eyelids, abdomen and limbs are edema. Some dogs will have ascites symptoms. In uremia, dyspnea, general muscle spasm, disturbance of consciousness, hypothermia, weakness or coma may occur clinically.
B), chronic nephritis:
1. Chronic glomerulonephritis develops slowly with mild clinical manifestations.
It can be seen that the sick dog is getting thinner and thinner. At first, thirst increased, compensatory polyuria reached two letters at ordinary times, and urine protein increased significantly.
3, edema, oliguria, uremia, systemic failure and other symptoms can be seen in the later stage. Protein decreased. There are a lot of transparent tubes in urine sediment.
4. The course of disease is long, and some dogs may have recurrent attacks, with clinical symptoms such as emaciation and anemia.
Three, the prevention and treatment measures of canine nephritis
The treatment principles of canine nephritis are: anti-inflammation, diuresis, inhibition of immune response and prevention of uremia.
1, anti-inflammatory: penicillin 60000 units /kg body weight, intramuscular injection; Ampicillin 20-40mg/kg body weight, intramuscular injection, twice a day. Note that kanamycin, gentamicin and sulfonamides are prohibited. Because drugs do some damage to the kidneys.
2. Diuretic agent: furoic acid 5 mg/kg body weight, intramuscular injection, depending on the condition, the number of administration can be determined.
3. Inhibition of immune response: dexamethasone 0.2 mg/kg body weight, intramuscular injection; Prednisone 0.5 mg/kg body weight, oral, twice a day.
4. Symptomatic treatment, such as detoxification, cardiotonic, nutritional supplement, etc.