The destruction of the ecological environment has brought disaster to mankind. Ecological environment problem refers to the interference and influence of human production activities and social activities on the ecological environment, which leads to disharmony or even opposition between various parts of the ecosystem, interferes with human normal life, and even threatens human survival in serious cases.
Status:
Environmental pollution is serious. Industrial wastes, especially those from township enterprises? Three wastes? The unreasonable use of chemical products such as fertilizers and pesticides is an important reason for rural environmental pollution. Due to serious pollution, the living environment of human beings has deteriorated, which seriously threatens human health and even survival.
Water resources are in short supply. China is a country short of water, and its per capita fresh water is only 1/4 of the world average, and its distribution is uneven. On the other hand, due to the serious water pollution, the already scarce water resources are even scarcer.
Soil fertility declines and cultivated land drops sharply. Due to the unreasonable use of a large number of chemical fertilizers, soil fertility has been declining, and the area of saline-alkali land and low-and medium-yield fields has been expanding.
Land desertification is serious. The unreasonable use of land by human beings, such as overgrazing grassland, unreasonable reclamation of grassland and woodland into farmland, and deforestation, has aggravated soil desertification and soil erosion.
The natural environment is harsh. Some rural residents in central and western China live in an environment of entering wasteland, which is not suitable for human survival.
On the other hand, because rural families occupy a large amount of cultivated land, township enterprises build factories, mine roads, and the cultivated land area has been shrinking.
The main causes of ecological and environmental problems:
Poor environmental awareness. People's awareness of ecological environment protection is not strong, and they don't have a deep understanding of the harm that destroying the ecological environment will cause to human beings.
Law enforcement is lax. In some areas, government organizations and other departments responsible for environmental protection have failed to stop acts that damage the ecological environment, and even condone such acts for immediate interests.
Cognitive error. Many places don't realize that the discharge of pollutants will do harm to the ecological environment, the earth and human beings. They didn't realize that a large amount of chemical fertilizer would reduce soil fertility and eventually worsen the soil. They didn't realize that a large amount of pesticides would pollute agricultural products and the environment.
Quick success and instant benefit. Some people who are eager for quick success and instant benefit ignore the long-term interests of the country and are unwilling to spend small money to control emissions, thus destroying the ecological environment.
Population pressure is great. China has a large population and less arable land per capita, so solving the problem of food and clothing is a top priority for the country. Although people realize that pesticides and fertilizers will damage the environment, because fertilizers play a 40% role in increasing grain production, without pesticides, pests and weeds will seriously threaten crops, so they have to use a lot of fertilizers and pesticides.
Solutions to ecological and environmental problems;
Strengthen publicity. Publicize the importance of the ecological environment and the harm that pollution will bring to mankind, and the whole people take action to actively prevent and control environmental pollution and protect the ecological environment.
Strict law enforcement. Strengthen law enforcement and combat deforestation? Three wastes? Environmental pollution, indiscriminate occupation of cultivated land and other acts that destroy the ecological environment.
Pay attention to organic fertilizer. Scientific application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can increase production without reducing soil fertility.
Advocate ecological agriculture. Eco-agriculture refers to an agricultural production system that uses the principles of biological regeneration and material circulation in the ecosystem, adopts systematic engineering methods, absorbs modern scientific achievements, and rationally organizes agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery production according to local conditions to achieve coordinated development of economic, social and ecological benefits.
Adopt scientific methods, give priority to prevention and combine prevention with treatment. We should use effective science and technology to prevent and control the ecological environment.
The significance of ecological balance to the natural environment Ecological balance refers to a highly adaptive, coordinated and unified state between organisms and the environment and among various biological populations in an ecosystem in a certain period of time through energy flow, material circulation and information transmission. That is to say, when the ecosystem is in equilibrium, the components in the system keep a certain proportion, the input and output of energy and matter tend to be equal in a long time, and the structure and function are in a relatively stable state. When it is disturbed by external sources, it can be restored to its initial stable state through self-adjustment. Within the ecosystem, between producers, consumers, decomposers and abiotic environment, the dynamic state of energy and material input and output remains relatively stable for a certain period of time.
Once the ecosystem loses its balance, it will have very serious chain consequences. For example, in 1950s, China launched a campaign to eliminate the four pests of sparrows. However, in the years after sparrows were killed in large numbers, serious pests occurred, which caused great losses to agricultural production. Later, scientists found that sparrows eat a lot of bugs in nature. Sparrows disappeared, natural enemies disappeared, and insects multiplied. As a result, insect pests broke out, causing painful consequences of crop failure.
Ecological balance is a dynamic balance that nature took a long time to establish. Once destroyed, some balances cannot be rebuilt, and the consequences may be irreparable by human efforts. Therefore, human beings should respect the ecological balance and help maintain this balance, and must not easily interfere with nature, resulting in this balance being broken.
The energy flow and material circulation in the ecosystem are always carried out smoothly under normal circumstances (without violent interference from external forces), while the structure of the ecosystem remains relatively stable, which is called ecological balance. The most obvious manifestation of ecological balance is that the number of species and population size in the system are relatively stable. Of course, ecological balance is a dynamic balance, that is, its indicators, such as the yield, species and quantity of organisms, are not fixed at a certain level, but change back and forth within a certain range. This also shows that the ecosystem has the ability of self-regulation and maintaining balance. When an element in the ecosystem has abnormal function, its influence will be offset by the adjustment made by the system. The energy flow and material circulation of ecosystem are carried out through various channels. If one channel is blocked, other channels will compensate. With the invasion of pollutants, the ecosystem shows a certain self-purification ability, which is also the result of system regulation. The more complex the structure of an ecosystem, the more ways of energy flow and material circulation, and the stronger the ability to adjust or resist the influence of external forces. On the contrary, the simpler the structure, the weaker the ability of the ecosystem to maintain balance. Farmland and orchard ecosystems are examples of fragile ecosystems.
The regulation ability of an ecosystem is limited. If the influence of external force exceeds this limit, the ecological balance will be destroyed and the ecosystem will undergo structural changes in a short time. For example, the population size of some species will change dramatically, while others may disappear or produce new species. However, the overall result of the change is often unfavorable, which weakens the adjustment ability of the ecosystem. The damage caused by this out-of-gauge influence on the ecosystem is long-term, and it often takes a long time for the ecosystem to recover to its original state, even causing irreversible changes, which is the destruction of ecological balance. As a member of the biosphere, human beings have a greater impact on the ecological environment than natural forces, and it is mainly a negative impact, which has become the main factor to destroy the ecological balance. The destructive influence of human beings on the biosphere is mainly manifested in three aspects: first, the natural ecosystem is transformed into an artificial ecosystem on a large scale, which seriously interferes with and destroys the normal operation of the biosphere, and agricultural development and urbanization are typical representatives of this influence; Second, a large number of resources in the biosphere, including biological and abiotic resources, have seriously damaged the ecological balance, such as deforestation and over-utilization of water resources. Third, the products and wastes produced by human activities are excessively imported into the biosphere, which seriously pollutes and poisons the physical environment and biological components of the biosphere, including human beings themselves, represented by fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, industrial wastes and urban garbage.
What is the significance of greening to improve the natural environment? For animals, trees can provide them with rich food and comfort (shsh? ) residence; For humans, trees can be tuned (ti? O) Save temperature and provide a large amount of wood, medicinal materials and food for human beings; In addition, trees can also prevent wind and fix sand, prevent heatstroke, reduce wind speed, conserve water and soil, purify polluted water bodies and reduce noise (z? O) sound, thus improving (sh? N) Our living environment.
A tree is an umbrella, which can block (zhē) the sun and block (ji? ) Leave rain.
A tree is a pump. A medium-sized tree can absorb about 4000 kilograms of water (r m4ng) from the soil a year.
Trees are vacuum cleaners. A medium-sized tree, the total leaf area is as big as two acres of land, how can it be delayed (zh? ) leaving a lot of dust.
A tree is a y m ng oxygen generator. A medium-sized tree can produce 1.8 kg of oxygen per hour.