primary pollutant
Also known as "primary pollutants". Pollutants directly or indirectly discharged into the environment by pollution sources. Such as chemical poisons and viruses discharged into clean air and water. It is the main source of environmental pollution.
secondary pollutants
Also known as "secondary pollutants". Pollutants discharged by pollution sources (usually called "primary pollutants") evolve into new pollutants in the environment. It is often more harmful to the environment and human body. For example, the sulfuric acid mist produced by the encounter between sulfur dioxide and water vapor in the atmosphere is ten times stronger than sulfur dioxide; When photochemical smog occurs, it will produce secondary pollutants such as ozone, formaldehyde and acrolein, which are harmful to animals, plants and building materials.
air pollution
[Air pollution] There are a lot of pollutants such as dust, smoke, gas, fog, odor, smoke or steam in the outdoor atmosphere, and their characteristics and duration are enough to endanger human health or the lives of animals and plants.
Air pollution When the content of some substances in the air exceeds the normal content, it will harm animals and plants and affect their survival. The normal contents of c0, nh3, so2, h2s, cl2, O3 and NO2 in the atmosphere are all below one million, which has no obvious adverse effects on animals and plants. However, since the19th century, due to the development of industry and transportation, these substances have been discharged into the atmosphere in large quantities, which has made air pollution increasingly serious, affecting the life activities of animals and plants and even human health. Some sources of pollutants come from nature (such as volcanic ash erupted by volcanoes), and some come from human activities, among which the exhaust gas produced by industry and transportation is the main pollution source.
Automobile exhaust pollution
Environmental pollution caused by automobile exhaust. The main pollutants are hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead-containing compounds, phenylpropyl pyrene and solid particles. Will cause photochemical smog and so on.
atmospheric pollution
The phenomenon that pollution leads to the decline of air quality. It is caused by pollutants discharged by human activities or natural processes. It can cause changes in atmospheric physical and chemical conditions, and has adverse effects on human body, animals and plants and other objects. Can be converted into water pollution and soil pollution.
Radioactive contamination
Environmental pollution caused by radioactive substances. The main pollutants are emissions from nuclear industry enterprises, radioactive fallout from nuclear tests, cosmic rays in nature, radioactive deposits and natural radioisotopes. It can harm human body through food chain or directly.
noise pollution
[Noise pollution] Environmental pollution caused by interference or harmful noise (such as the noise of cars or jet planes).
heavy metal contamination
Environmental pollution caused by heavy metals or their compounds. It is mainly caused by human factors such as mining, waste gas emission, sewage irrigation and the use of heavy metal products. For example, Minamata disease and pain in Japan are caused by mercury pollution and cadmium pollution respectively. The degree of harm depends on the concentration and chemical forms of heavy metals in the environment, food and organisms.
exhaust pollution
Air pollution caused by harmful gases emitted by automobiles. The main harmful gases are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and sulfur dioxide. Due to the variety of gasoline, vehicle load, engine performance, road conditions, meteorological conditions and other factors, its quantity and types are different. Because the exhaust height of automobile is in the human breathing zone, exhaust pollution is very harmful to human health.
Radio frequency pollution
Radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (emission frequency is 3 kHz to 3× 10? 5 MHz) is caused by environmental pollution. Common pollution sources are high-altitude TV transmission towers, medium-short wave and microwave transmission equipment, high-frequency heating equipment and short-wave or ultrashort wave physiotherapy machines.
soil contamination
The deterioration of soil quality due to pollution. Pollutants mainly come from sewage irrigation, pesticide application, fertilization, waste stacking (or landfill) and atmospheric deposition. It not only hinders the development of agriculture, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry, but also affects human health.
white pollution
The so-called "white pollution" is an image title for people to pollute the environment by plastic waste. It refers to the phenomenon that all kinds of living plastic products made of polystyrene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and other polymer compounds are discarded as solid waste after use, which is difficult to degrade because of littering at will, resulting in serious pollution of the urban environment.
water pollution
Water pollution affects industrial production, increases equipment corrosion, affects product quality, and even makes production impossible. Water pollution affects people's lives, destroys ecology, directly harms people's health and causes great damage.
Environmental pollution:
(Environmental pollution) refers to the phenomenon that human activities change environmental elements or their state, worsen environmental quality, disturb and destroy the stability of ecological system and the normal living conditions of human beings.
In short, the phenomenon that the environment has changed its original nature or state due to human activities is called environmental pollution.
For example, air pollution, water quality deterioration, waste accumulation, noise, vibration, odor and other damage to the environment are all environmental pollution. Due to environmental pollution, the sunshine is weakened, the climate is abnormal, Shan Ye is barren, soil desertification, salinization, grassland degradation, soil erosion, frequent natural disasters and extinction of biological species.
The essence of environmental pollution is that human activities discharge a lot of pollutants into the environment, which affects its self-purification ability and reduces the function of the ecosystem.
Description: Nature (environment) itself has certain self-purification ability. When the environment is destroyed and cannot be cleaned and repaired by itself, it will cause environmental pollution.
Decoration pollution
Refers to the pollution caused by the release of harmful substances contained in decorative materials and furniture into the home and office environment. The Code for Indoor Environmental Pollution Control of Civil Construction Projects promulgated and implemented by the state this year lists five main pollutants: formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, volatile organic compounds and radioactive radon.
What are the hazards of decoration pollution?
Decoration pollutants are released for 3- 15 years, and its hazards include:
1) causes immune dysfunction, liver injury, liver injury and nerve center influence;
2) Damage to eyes, nose, throat, upper respiratory tract and skin;
3) Causing chronic health harm and reducing people's life span;
4) Severe cases can cause cancer, fetal malformation and female infertility.
5) It has a great influence on the normal growth and development of children, which can lead to leukemia, memory loss and growth retardation.
6) The damage to women's appearance and skin is more obvious. Because formaldehyde has a strong stimulating effect on skin mucosa, skin wrinkles will appear after contact, and sweat secretion will decrease. Reduced sweat secretion will hinder pores, viscera and human metabolism.
light pollution
Light pollution is generally divided into three categories in the world, namely white light pollution, artificial sunlight pollution and colored light pollution.
(1) White light pollution. When the sun shines strongly, the glass curtain wall, glazed tile wall, polished marble and various paints of buildings in the city reflect light, which is bright and dazzling. Studies have found that people who work and live in a white light polluted environment for a long time will suffer from different degrees of damage to the retina and iris, and their vision will drop sharply. The incidence of cataract is as high as 45%. It can also make people dizzy and upset, and even cause insomnia, loss of appetite, depression, physical weakness and other similar symptoms of neurasthenia.
In summer, the strong reflected light from the glass curtain wall enters the nearby residential buildings, which raises the indoor temperature and affects normal life. Some glass curtain walls are semi-circular, and the convergence of reflected light is easy to cause fire. Drivers driving in the hot sun will suddenly be attacked by the reflected light from the glass curtain wall, and their eyes will be strongly stimulated, which is prone to car accidents.
(2) artificial sunlight. After nightfall, advertising lights and neon lights in shopping malls and hotels are dazzling. Some intense light beams even go straight into the sky, making night like day, which is called artificial day. In such a "city that never sleeps", it is difficult to fall asleep at night, which disturbs the normal biological clock of the human body and leads to low work efficiency during the day. Artificial sunlight can also harm birds and insects; Strong light may disturb the normal reproduction of insects at night.
(3) color light pollution. Black lights, rotating lights, fluorescent lights and flashing light sources installed in dance halls and nightclubs constitute color light pollution. According to the measurement, the intensity of ultraviolet rays produced by black light is much higher than that in sunlight, and the harmful effects on human body last for a long time. If people receive this radiation for a long time, they will cause nosebleeds, tooth loss, cataracts, even leukemia and other cancers. The dazzling color light source is not only bad for the eyes, but also interferes with the central nervous system of the brain, making people dizzy, causing nausea, vomiting, insomnia and other symptoms. The latest research by scientists shows that colored light pollution not only damages people's physiological functions, but also affects people's mental health.
People generally began to pay attention to prevent possible light pollution. At present, China has issued some relevant laws and regulations, which have strict and unified technical standards for the scope of use, design, manufacture and installation of glass curtain walls in urban buildings. In 2002, Beijing rejected the design scheme of glass curtain wall for more than 30 times, and Shanghai, Nanjing and other cities also put forward restrictions on the design and construction of high-rise buildings to prevent new light pollution.