What are the factors that affect nursing safety?

1 Common nursing safety hazards 1. 1 Nursing workers' own factors In recent years, the number of junior nurses has increased, and their professional knowledge is not familiar enough, their technical level is not skilled, their qualifications are shallow and their experience is insufficient. They can't find out the crisis that patients have or may have in time, and lack the ability of emergency and contingency. Neurology patients are seriously ill and have a long course of disease. Patients or their families may have some extreme language and behavior. When communicating with patients, nurses should pay attention to the artistry and skill of language, calmly explain, comfort and understand, touch patients with practical actions, improve patients' understanding and trust in nurses, and put an end to nursing disputes. 2.3 Strengthen the education of nursing safety and legal knowledge, improve the awareness of nursing safety, improve the ability to prevent disputes, learn to protect the legitimate rights and interests of patients, and enhance the awareness of self-protection at work [10]. Safety nursing is closely related to laws and regulations. Nurses' awareness of the importance of safety nursing and strong legal concepts are the premise of doing a good job in safety nursing. Therefore, nurses should be regularly educated in safety and legal system, and the concept of "safety first, quality first" and nursing according to law should be firmly established. At the same time, strengthen the rational allocation of nursing human resources, reduce overload work, ensure the physical and mental health of nurses, and ensure that all treatments and nursing work are correct, standardized and safe. 2.4 Take preventive measures and notify 2.4. 1 Prevent falls and create a safe ward environment. The ground should be flat and not slippery, without water. After mopping the floor, ask the patient not to walk for a while. Handrails should be set in corridors and toilets to facilitate the elderly to walk and clear the surrounding obstacles before going to bed. There should be enough light and obvious signs in the ward environment, especially in wet places such as toilets and washrooms. Anti-skid measures should be taken, such as laying anti-skid mats on the ground and installing handrails on the walls. Patients with limited mobility and weak health should be accompanied when walking. 2.4.2 To prevent patients with unconsciousness and disturbance of consciousness from falling off the bed, bed stalls should be added and patrol should be strengthened. When necessary, the limbs should be restrained, and the local blood circulation should be observed to make the limbs in a functional position. Pay attention to the tightness of the restraint belt when using, and observe the blood supply of the limbs at any time. Our hospital has a special evaluation and monitoring table for falling/falling out of bed, and every patient has an evaluation and score when he is admitted to the hospital. During hospitalization, according to patients' consciousness (vagueness and anxiety), the possibility of postural hypotension, limb disorders and self-care ability (partial and complete), drugs (sedatives, sleeping pills, diuretics and laxatives) were used for dynamic evaluation and monitoring. 2.4.3 In order to prevent skin damage, patients who stay in bed for a long time should avoid skin pressure, turn over for patients regularly, keep the bed unit clean and tidy, and choose an air cushion bed when necessary. When turning over a bedridden patient, the nurse should pay attention to avoid pushing the patient out of bed too hard. When patients with limb sensory dysfunction use cold and hot water bags, the water bags should be covered with pads, and local skin blood circulation should be observed regularly to prevent burns, frostbite and pressure ulcers. We made our own pressure sore risk assessment tracking table, and each patient was evaluated and scored when he was admitted to hospital. During hospitalization, the patients were dynamically and continuously evaluated and monitored according to their weight, nutritional status, blood sugar, albumin, edema, consciousness, body position, skin sensory movement (paraplegia, hemiplegia, limited limb movement), defecation and organ function. 2.4.4 In order to prevent patients from eating by mistake, the food should be light, digestible and nutritious, eat less and eat more, have enough time to eat, and eat in a proper position, sitting or half lying; Drink and water should not be too much per bite. For patients with dysphagia, it is best to process food into paste, which is not easy to cause cough; For patients with indwelling gastric tube, it should be checked whether the gastric tube can be operated at the back of the stomach before each nasal feeding. Once aspiration and dyspnea occur, the patient should immediately stop nasal feeding, take the right lateral position, lower his head, and use various methods to inhale the inhalant in the airway as soon as possible to suck out the stomach contents to prevent further reflux. 2.5 Improve and perfect nursing safety and quality management. A quality control team composed of nursing department, head nurse and senior technical titles has been established, each of which has its own duties, regularly analyzes the situation, finds problems, corrects them in time, and strengthens the monitoring and inspection of all links, so that the quality of nursing can be truly grasped at all levels, and everything can be managed by someone, so as to achieve self-inspection of all subjects every week, key night inspection every month and comprehensive inspection by nursing department every quarter. In order to warn the nursing staff in the whole hospital to attach importance to and cherish the reputation of the hospital, attach importance to safety and quality, and ensure the good implementation of the whole process, full staff and total quality management plan, we will give corresponding punishment according to the seriousness of the case, and extend the grading or dismissal (hire nurses). Results Through the formulation and implementation of the prevention mechanism of the above system, the quality of nursing work in neurology department was obviously improved, the nursing problems and defects that are easy to occur in elderly patients were obviously reduced, the satisfaction rate of discharged patients was improved, and the satisfaction rate of discharge follow-up reached 100%. There was no 1 error accident in the department, which achieved the result of zero disputes and zero complaints. The overall quality of nurses is obviously improved, their sense of responsibility is enhanced and their work enthusiasm is improved. The coordination among nurses, doctors and patients is effective, the responsibility of responsible nurses for active management is enhanced, the writing quality of nursing documents is obviously improved, and the progress of nursing work in departments is generally recognized by hospitals and nursing departments. This paper discusses the important role of nursing safety management in hospital management, especially in neurology, a high-risk and high-workload department. Nursing safety is an important symbol of nursing quality, and it is the basis to ensure patients get good care and quality service. With the prosperity and development of society, people's awareness of self-protection and legal system has been continuously enhanced, and the requirements for medical quality have become higher and higher, especially after the promulgation of the Regulations on Handling Medical Accidents, which shows the importance of nursing safety. Neurology nurses must always pay attention to and evaluate the hidden dangers of nursing safety in their own departments, strictly abide by nursing operation rules, master preventive measures, nip in the bud, ensure nursing safety and improve nursing quality. It is necessary for nursing colleagues to formulate nursing safety management countermeasures suitable for neurology and geriatric nursing according to their professional characteristics.