At present, couples who plan to get pregnant in China pay more and more attention to prenatal health examination, and the rate of prenatal examination has increased significantly. Physical condition before pregnancy is closely related to the occurrence of birth defects. In reducing birth defects, pre-pregnancy examination is highly targeted. If both husband and wife consciously receive pre-pregnancy health examination and consultation according to their own health status during family planning, including pre-pregnancy risk factor assessment, physical examination, specific laboratory examination, pre-pregnancy eugenics guidance and consultation, especially genetic consultation, choosing appropriate pregnancy and delivery time will play an important role in reducing the occurrence of birth defects and improving the quality of the birth population.