The difference between health belief model and protective motivation model

Health belief model and protective motivation theory discuss health behavior from the perspective of motivation factors. He added incentive factors to the health belief model and developed the protective incentive theory. The basic assumption is that the motivation to take healthy behavior to protect individuals from the threat of disease is mainly based on the following four factors: (1) unhealthy behavior is very threatening; Personal perceptions and feelings about this threat; Individual's cognition of whether the aid behavior can stay away from the threat; Personal perception of whether the response is effective or not. Rogers' hypothesis is that the above four factors must occur at the same time, and their motives can promote effective behavior.

Health belief model and protective motivation theory especially emphasize the role of cognition in behavior. In the process of "don't take healthy behavior-take healthy behavior (or give up healthy behavior)", almost every link of the health belief model embodies the irreplaceability of the ideas or opinions held by individuals. Therefore, this model involves the cognition of whether people are sick, the favorable and unfavorable factors of implementing healthy behavior, and the value cognition that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. It is true that individuals' understanding of health knowledge, analysis of their own situation and grasp of their own health status are the driving force of behavior, and the benefits of behavior outweigh the disadvantages, which is the priority path for behavior. However, on the one hand, the health belief model and protective motivation theory pay too much attention to the role of cognition, but in fact, whether some healthy behaviors occur does not need such complicated consideration; On the other hand, they may take "whether they are sick" or "avoiding threats" as the starting point, which implies a negative view of health. Nevertheless, the health belief model still reveals a variety of elements for individuals to adopt healthy behavior: ① Believe that they will encounter diseases due to improper behavior. ② It is believed that diseases will bring bad or serious consequences, and proper threat cognition can promote the occurrence and maintenance of healthy behaviors. (3) It is believed that the practice of behavior is conducive to reducing the possibility of illness and alleviating the serious consequences of the disease. (4) there are related action clues. ⑤ Believe that you have the ability to practice some behaviors. ⑥ Different individuals (gender, age, personality factors, etc. ) There may be different possibilities to practice healthy behaviors.