The characteristics of pupils' psychological development and the teaching enlightenment of training log

Mental health promotion Mental health promotion is to promote people's mental health level through a series of measures. It is the need of human health, the need of social development and the most fundamental work to prevent and treat psychopathy. This is a systematic project, which requires not only the input of the government, but also the participation of the whole society. There is a lot of work to be done. For the group, it is necessary to cultivate and maintain people's sound personality, healthy psychological and social activity ability through various beneficial education and training and the good influence of family and society according to the psychological characteristics and psychological development laws of different age development stages, so that they can maintain their physical and mental health in their study, work, life and creative activities and be in a state full of corning. For individuals, it is necessary to master the methods and skills of psychological self-care through lifelong learning, and constantly improve the health level of themselves and their families. Only by doing this persistently can we have a healthy individual and a healthy society. People of different ages have different mental health care priorities. Only by understanding these key points can we really do a good job in health promotion. The following is a brief summary of the key contents of mental health care according to the age stage. (1) Infant mental health The standard of infant mental health refers to normal physical development, regular diet, sleep, defecation, good motor and speech development, moderate emotional response and good adaptation to strange environment. In order to meet these standards, we should supplement rich material nutrition and spiritual nutrition in the process of infant care, such as regular and quantitative breastfeeding and happy eating. To meet the baby's sleep needs, the bedroom should be ventilated, the temperature should be appropriate, and the habit of sleeping alone should be developed. It is necessary to strengthen the emotional dependence between mother and child, and promote the psychological needs of children to be met through mother's breastfeeding, touching and smiling. It is necessary to strengthen the training of baby's palace awareness, movement and speech to promote the improvement of mental health. We should deal with the mental health problems of babies in time. For example, children who are emotionally unstable and prone to crying are often due to lack of maternal love or illness, so they should be given love and treated in time. Provide a quiet sleeping environment for children with restless sleep and night terrors. Don't be intimidated or reprimanded before going to bed. The bedding should not be too thick or too thin. For children with a regular diet and poor appetite, we should correct the bad feeding methods, make reasonable nutrition, and quantify them regularly. It is necessary to strengthen targeted special education and training for children with developmental retardation. (2) Mental health care for children aged 1~3 should promote the development of children's brains in this period. By supplementing nutrition, strengthening physical activity and playing games with parents, children's intellectual development can be promoted. We should pay attention to cultivating children's good living habits and let them learn to eat, dress and serve themselves; To shape children's good personality, through the emotional communication between parents and children, the influence of role models and demonstrations, let children establish certain codes of conduct, be polite to others and share food. It is necessary to promote children's speech development, seriously answer children's various questions, and encourage children's interest in speaking and curiosity; We should also pay attention to cultivating their cognitive ability. Children in this period often have some mental health problems, such as emotional instability caused by sudden weaning, crying and refusing to eat. Therefore, weaning should be planned and complementary food should be added in time; Defecation control training should not be too early. From 22 months, you should be patient. If you beat and scold, it will cause psychological trauma to your child. Don't be scared when teasing children, otherwise it will lead to fear. Some children will have dependence and withdrawal behavior, which is mostly caused by improper upbringing. Pay attention to the exercise of children's independent living ability, don't do everything yourself, and provide children with opportunities to communicate with their peers. Don't sneer and criticize the stutterer, but guide the training correctly to relieve the psychological pressure. (3) Mental health games for children aged 4-6 years old are the leading activities of children in this period. Children can learn interpersonal communication and promote physical and mental health through games between parents and peers. The family atmosphere should be harmonious, parents should set an example, cultivate their children's good character, do not beat and scold, do not spoil, have consistent educational requirements, and strengthen educational cooperation with kindergarten teachers. We should deal with children's mental health problems in time, reduce the psychological pressure of children with enuresis, and give them appropriate life training. For children with neurogenic vomiting, it is necessary to find out the reasons and exclude mental stimulation. Children who bite their nails should be trained in hygienic behaviors and habits, and children who are afraid to enter kindergarten should be given certain behavioral treatment, such as systematic desensitization treatment, so that children's fear situations can be arranged into a step-by-step procedure from light to heavy, so that children can adapt to different fear environments one by one. If they can adapt, they should be rewarded in time to eliminate their "sensitivity" and state, and enter the normal life of kindergarten smoothly. (D) Primary school students' mental health care Primary school students have changed from games-based activities to learning-based activities. Mental health care should focus on the following aspects: First, to prepare for school, parents can familiarize their children with the school environment first, or they can adjust their life and work habits to make them adapt to primary school as soon as possible. The second is to cultivate children's independence, let children use their own brains and cultivate their self-care ability. Don't spoil children by doing everything yourself. Third, education should be scientific. Don't be too eager for success, the requirements are too high, and the child's psychological burden is too heavy. Beating, scolding or coddling are not conducive to children's psychological and behavioral development. Educational methods should be democratic, and praise should be the mainstay. Fourth, let children participate in group activities, get out of the small family environment, and encourage children to associate with their peers and participate in group activities. Fifth, correct children's bad habits and behaviors in time, pay attention to education, and correct children's behaviors such as lying, fighting, playing truant, stealing, smoking, and paying too much attention to sex. At the same time, pay attention to the cultivation of good personality and do a good job in cooperative health care between home and school. (V) Adolescent Mental Health Adolescence is a psychological "weaning period" and a "dangerous period", so it is particularly important to promote mental health. Learn to evaluate yourself correctly. If you think too low of yourself, you will feel inferior. If you overestimate yourself, you will be too confident and often can't stand setbacks. Only when we know and evaluate ourselves correctly can we achieve mental health. To set appropriate learning goals, we should set learning goals according to children's interests and characteristics, cultivate good learning motivation and solve the contradiction between ideal and reality. We should be good at adjusting our emotions, cultivate a wide range of hobbies and cheerful and optimistic personality, reasonably adjust our desires, improve our ability to channel our passions and psychological adaptability, and avoid violent emotional fluctuations. We should handle well all kinds of interpersonal relationships, such as parent-child relationship, teacher-student relationship and classmate relationship, so as to adapt ourselves to the environment. Pay attention to promoting sexual psychological health, conduct scientific and timely sex education, so that they can correctly understand sexual problems and naturally communicate with the opposite sex. You must overcome sexual ignorance and puppy love, and you don't have to blame yourself too much for masturbation. We can reduce our concern and worry about masturbation by participating in various beneficial activities. (VI) Mental health care for middle-aged people should maintain a good emotional state, be open-minded, handle complicated interpersonal relationships, be indifferent to right and wrong gains and losses, be neither arrogant nor impetuous in victory, be indomitable in failure, persevere in prosperity and adversity, and avoid psychological conflicts and pressures. We should enrich cultural life, combine work and rest, prevent excessive tension and fatigue, enrich family cultural life according to our hobbies, pay attention to buying family entertainment facilities, promote emotional exchanges between families and improve the quality of family life. We should do what we can, have a correct understanding of our physical strength and ability, keep unremitting spirit of seeking knowledge and enterprising, and be young psychologically in order to make a difference. Couples should try to be psychologically compatible. Husband-wife relationship is the core of family relationship and plays an important role in the mood and mood of the whole family. Only by knowing their looks and not doubting each other can they be psychologically compatible and empathetic, and their families can be harmonious and healthy. Do not smoke or drink, and overcome bad habits and lifestyles. (7) Mental Health Care of Menopause We should scientifically understand menopause, which is an inevitable process of life. We should treat it correctly, keep our mood stable and happy, and be prepared to adapt to this change. Do what you can, don't be idle, don't be senile, and don't be aggressive and try to be brave, which is beyond your physical and mental endurance. Family members should be more concerned, considerate and caring, and have more understanding and tolerance for the abnormal behavior of menopause. We should treat physical and mental symptoms correctly, treat diseases as early as possible and make appropriate adjustments. (8) Mental health care for the elderly should delay the generation of aging feeling, because it will make the elderly lose confidence in life. We should pay attention to appropriate activities, enrich our spiritual life, maintain a positive and enterprising spirit, give full play to the residual heat for society, and realize a healthy old age. You should be cheerful, no matter whether the evening is good or bad, happy or sad, as long as you are broad-minded and optimistic and detached, you can resist the vicious stimulation from the outside world, withstand setbacks and misfortunes, and be comfortable and support your life. We should keep mental activity, if we don't use it, it will degenerate. We should think hard and study hard to delay the degeneration and aging of the brain. In order to meet the reasonable needs of the elderly in time, some elderly people face poverty, loneliness and illness, which makes them uneasy and afraid. Families and communities should try their best to meet the material and spiritual needs of the elderly so that they can enjoy their old age. We should create a harmonious and relaxed family atmosphere. The father is kind and filial, the family is harmonious and friendly, supports, respects, loves and supports the elderly, and makes the elderly feel happy at home. Society should help the elderly who are lonely to reorganize their families voluntarily. Most retired people want to continue working. They deeply feel the importance of social life, from which they can find friendship, spiritual sustenance and life motivation, and also hope to realize themselves through new social roles. Family and society should understand and support this psychological need.