Urine can be said to be the "sweat" of kidney work. Urine contains water, a small amount of metabolic waste in blood, uric acid, creatinine and other substances.
In fact, urine contains many secrets and is a barometer of kidney health.
In this article, we will solve some problems about urine. Starting with the most direct urine volume, urine color and urine taste, this paper tells some anecdotes and their relationship with health.
How much does a healthy person urinate a day?
A person's urine output depends on the glomeruli and tubules (the functional units of the kidney) in the kidney.
The normal urine output of adults is 1000~ 1500ml per day, which is about 2~3 bottles of mineral water. Usually there is more urine during the day than at night.
A daily urine output of more than 2500ml is polyuria, a daily urine output of less than 400ml is oliguria, and a daily urine output of less than 100ml is anuria. If these problems occur, you must go to the hospital in time to see if there is something wrong with the kidney or other organ systems.
In addition, urine volume is also related to climate, water consumption and food. Recently, the weather is hot and dry, sweating a lot, and urine output will decrease. Remember to add more water appropriately.
Urine volume is also related to body shape. Sumo wrestlers must pee more than babies.
This difference is even more interesting if you look at the whole animal kingdom. Ten mice only pee a spoonful a day, a horse needs two barrels a day, and an adult elephant can fill the whole bathtub with urine a day.
What do you mean by different urine colors?
As early as the middle ages, there were charts to record doctors' intuitive feelings about urine color and health. Now, we have a more detailed understanding of this.
Healthy urine is light yellow, and different colors of urine have different reasons. Sometimes, it means that you need to go to the hospital for further examination.
The following figure reflects the possible reasons for the corresponding color of urine. Compare it?
Some of these abnormal colors are related to diet, and they are usually only temporary. When something unusual happens, think about whether you ate anything special that day.
However, if the urine color continues to change, or there are some abnormal colors such as blood color and brown, please see a doctor as soon as possible to find out the reason.
What does the smell of urine mean?
The taste of urine sometimes changes. Except for a few cases with pathological significance (such as the smell of honey in the urine of diabetic patients), it is more related to the food you eat.
Under normal circumstances, the smell of urine is faint ammonia, which is definitely unpleasant, but far from pungent.
After drinking strong coffee, the smell of urine may also pervade the coffee. If you don't believe me, you can carefully experience the difference between a cafe toilet and an ordinary toilet.
The most famous and interesting example is asparagus. After eating asparagus, not only green urine may appear, but the smell of urine will also turn into the smell of moldy eggs. But not everyone can smell it, because only 22% people have genes that can smell it.
After eating tuna, onion, saffron and other foods, urine will be polluted by their breath.
A little anecdote: the ladies in ancient Rome tried to take turpentine to make their urine full of "noble" rose flavor. This is obviously an undesirable foolish act, because turpentine is toxic.
I hope this article can make readers intuitively feel the significance of urine to health.